Abstract Background The use of the timed up and go (TUG) test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with heart disease has not been well defined in the literature. Objectives Test the association between TUG and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), construct an equation based on TUG to predict VO2peak, and determine a cutoff point to estimate VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min. Methods This cross-sectional study included 201 patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure, between 36 and 92 years of age, who underwent TUG and cardiopulmonary exercise test. Correlation, ROC curve, multiple linear regression, and Bland-Altman analyses were performed. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results The mean age of the total sample was 67 ± 13 years, and 70% of participants were male. The mean VO2peak was 17 ± 6 mL/kg/min, and the mean TUG time was 7 ± 2.5 seconds. The correlation between VO2peak and TUG was r = −0.54 (p < 0.001), and R2 was 0.30. The following equation was developed based on TUG: V O 2 peak = 33.553 + ( − 0.149 × age ) + ( − 0.738 × TUG ) + ( − 2.870 × sex ); a value of 0 was assigned to the male sex and 1 to the female sex (adjusted R: 0.41; adjusted R2: 0.40). The VO2peak estimated by the equation was 18.81 ± 3.2 mL/kg/min, and the VO2peak determined by cardiopulmonary exercise test was 18.18 ± 5.9 mL/kg/min (p > 0.05). The best cutoff point in the TUG for VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min was ≤ 5.47 seconds (area under the curve: 0.80; 95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 0.86). Conclusions TUG and VO2peak showed a significant association. A prediction equation for VO2peak was developed and validated internally with good performance. The cutoff point in the TUG to predict VO2peak ≥ 20 mL/kg/min was ≤ 5.47 seconds.

Resumo Fundamento A utilização do teste timed up and go (TUG) na avaliação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em cardiopatas não está bem definida na literatura. Objetivos Testar a associação entre o TUG e o consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico), construir uma equação com base no TUG para prever o VO2pico e determinar um ponto de corte para estimar um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg−1.min−1. Métodos Estudo transversal com 201 indivíduos portadores de doença arterial coronariana ou insuficiência cardíaca, com idade entre 36 e 92 anos, submetidos ao TUG e ao teste cardiopulmonar de exercício. Foram realizadas análises de correlação, curva ROC, regressão linear múltipla e Bland-Altman. Um p < 0,05 foi adotado como significante. Resultados A média de idade da amostra total foi 67 ± 13 anos, e 70% dos participantes eram do sexo masculino. A média de VO2pico foi de 17 ± 6 mL.kg−1.min−1 e a média de desempenho no TUG foi de 7 ± 2,5 segundos. A correlação entre o VO2pico e o TUG foi r = −0,54 (p < 0,001) e R2 de 0,30. Foi desenvolvida a equação com base no TUG: V O 2 pico = 33 , 553 + ( − 0 , 149 ∗ idade ) + ( − 0 , 738 ∗ T U G ) + ( − 2 , 870 ∗ sexo ); sendo atribuído o valor 0 ao sexo masculino e 1 ao sexo feminino (R ajustado: 0,41; R2 ajustado: 0,40). O VO2pico estimado pela equação foi 18,81 ± 3,2 mL.kg−1.min−1 e o determinado pelo teste cardiopulmonar de exercício foi 18,18 ± 5,9 mL.kg−1.min−1 (p > 0,05). O melhor ponto de corte para o VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg−1.min−1 foi de ≤ 5,47 segundos (área sob a curva: 0,80; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,74 a 0,86). Conclusões O TUG e o VO2pico apresentaram associação significativa. A equação preditiva do VO2pico foi desenvolvida e validada internamente com bom desempenho. O ponto de corte no TUG para prever um VO2pico ≥ 20 mL.kg−1.min−1 foi ≤ 5,47 segundos.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the capacity of fetal Doppler, maternal, and obstetric characteristics for the prediction of cesarean section due to intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC), a 5-min Apgar score < 7, and an adverse perinatal outcome (APO), in a high-risk population. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study involving 613 singleton pregnant women, admitted for labor induction or at the beginning of spontaneous labor, who underwent Doppler ultrasound within the last 72 h before delivery. The outcome measures were cesarean section due to IFC, a 5-min Apgar score < 7, and any APO. Results: We found that maternal characteristics were neither associated with nor predictors of an APO. Abnormal umbilical artery (UA) resistance index (RI) and the need for intrauterine resuscitation were found to be significant risk factors for cesarean section due to IFC (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively). A UA RI > the 95th percentile and a cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) < 0.98 were also found to be predictors of cesarean section due to IFC. Gestational age and a UA RI > 0.84 were found to be predictors of a 5-min Apgar score < 7 for newborns at < 29 and ≥ 29 weeks, respectively. The UA RI and CPR presented moderate accuracy in predicting an APO, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.76 and 0.72, respectively. Conclusion: A high UA RI appears to be a significant predictor of an APO. The CPR seems to be predictive of cesarean section due to IFC and of an APO in late preterm and term newborns.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade do Doppler fetal e características materno-obstétricas na predição de cesariana por comprometimento fetal intraparto (CFI), índice de Apgar de 5º min < 7 e desfecho perinatal adverso (DPA) em uma população de alto risco. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo envolvendo 613 parturientes admitidas para indução ou em início de trabalho de parto espontâneo que realizaram ultrassonografia Doppler nas 72 horas anteriores ao parto. Os desfechos foram cesariana por CFI, índice de Apgar de 5º min < 7 e DPA. Resultados: As características maternas não foram associadas nem preditoras de DPA. Índice de resistência (IR) da artéria umbilical (AU) anormal (p = 0,03) e necessidade de medidas de ressuscitação intrauterina (p < 0,0001) permaneceram como fatores de risco significativos para cesariana por CFI. IR AU > 95º e razão cerebroplacentária (RCP) < 0,98 foram preditores de cesariana. Idade gestacional e IR AU > 0,84 foram os preditores de índice de Apgar de 5º min < 7 para recém-nascidos < 29 e ≥ 29 semanas, respectivamente. IR AU e RCP apresentaram acurácia moderada na predição de DPA (área sob a curva ROC de 0,76 e 0,72, respectivamente). Conclusão: IR UA mostrou-se preditor significativo de DPA. RCP revelou-se possível preditora de cesariana por CFI e DPA em recémnascidos prematuros tardios e a termo.

ABSTRACT Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) causes maternal and infant morbidity. Periodontitis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate periodontal status, prematurity and associated factors in pregnant women with and without GDM. Subjects and methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 80 pregnant women with GDM (G1 = 40) and without GDM (G2 = 40). Demographic and socioeconomic status, systemic and periodontal health condition, prematurity and newborns’ birth weight were analyzed. For bivariate analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, t test and Chi-squared test were used. Binary logistic regression analyzed independent variables for periodontitis and prematurity (p < 0.05). Results: Patients from G1 presented lower socioeconomic status, higher weight and body mass index (BMI). Prematurity (G1 = 27.5%; G2 = 2.5%; p < 0.05) and severe periodontitis percentages (G1 = 22.5%; G2 = 0; p = 0.001) were higher in G1 than in G2. Logistic regression analysis showed that household monthly income (OR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.48-0.86; p = 0.003) and maternal BMI (adjusted OR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.01-1.25; p = 0.028) were significant predictors of periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy. Presence of GDM remained in the final logistic model related to prematurity (adjusted OR = 14.79; 95% CI 1.80-121.13; p = 0.012). Conclusions: Pregnant women with GDM presented higher severity of periodontitis, lower socioeconomic status, higher overweight/obesity and a 10-fold higher risk of prematurity. Socioeconomic-cultural status and BMI were significant predictors for periodontitis, and GDM was a predictor to prematurity.

Abstract INTRODUCTION HIV incidence estimates are essential to monitor the progress of prevention and control interventions. METHODS Data collected by Brazilian surveillance systems were used to derive HIV incidence estimates by age group (15-24; 25+) and sex from 1986 to 2018. This study used a back-calculation method based on the first CD4 count among treatment-naïve cases. Incidence estimates for the population aged 15 years or over were compared to Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) estimates from 2000 to 2018. RESULTS Among young men (15-24 years), HIV incidence increased from 6,400 (95% CI: 4,900-8,400), in 2000, to 12,800 (95% CI: 10,800-15,900), in 2015, reaching incidence rates higher than 70/100,000 inhabitants and an annual growth rate of 3.7%. Among young women, HIV incidence decreased from 5,000 (95% CI: 4,200-6,100) to 3,200 (95% CI: 3,000-3,700). Men aged ≥25 years and both female groups showed significant annual decreases in incidence rates from 2000 to 2018. In 2018, the estimated number of new infections was 48,500 (95% CI: 45300-57500), 34,800 (95% CI: 32800-41500) men, 13,600 (95% CI: 12,500-16,000) women. Improvements in the time from infection to diagnosis and in the proportion of cases receiving antiretroviral therapy immediately after diagnosis were found for all groups. Comparison with GBD estimates shows similar rates for men with overlapping confidence intervals. Among women, differences are higher mainly in more recent years. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that efforts to control the HIV epidemic are having an impact. However, there is an urgent need to address the vulnerability of young men.

Abstract Sub-daily resolution rain gauge data (pluviographic records) should be used to define extreme rainfall intensity-frequency-duration curves. However, there is a lack of these records for many countries, which leads to the application of rainfall disaggregation models that transforms maximum daily rainfall data into sub-daily depths. The agreement between the intensity-duration-frequency curves obtained with disaggregation models and using sub-daily rainfall data is necessary to support the disaggregation method's applicability. The daily rainfall disaggregation method using disaggregation coefficients is the most used in Brazil, despite the lack of performance evaluation. The linear regression and model identity test was used to compare the intensity of rainfall obtained with different methodologies to obtain intensity-duration-frequency curves in 116 rain gauges in Minas Gerais, Brazil. There is a significant difference between the maximum rainfall intensity (im) obtained from pluviographic records and those estimated by the daily rainfall disaggregation. Nevertheless, comparing the im estimated by the daily rainfall disaggregation methods and the im obtained by sub-daily rainfall data, good precision and accuracy are observed, especially using specific disaggregation coefficients. The disaggregation IDF relationships had an underestimation tendency of im, especially in larger return periods, which can be considered less harmful since the larger return periods are associated with higher safety projects. The practical result of this paper was the possibility of a simple and effective methodology to disaggregate the daily into a sub-daily resolution rainfall.

Abstract The use of Echinacea purpurea (EP), a plant native from North America, is widely diffused throughout the world, presenting many pharmacological applications, mainly for the treatment of infections of respiratory and urinary tracts. Due to the widespread commercialization of EP-based products, an effective evaluation of their pharmacological properties is essential to assure efficacy during clinical use. In this study, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of dried extracts of EP by the microdilution method. In addition, a phagocytosis model was employed to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the extracts. The increase in reactive oxygen species production, as well as the intracellular proliferation rate of Cryptococcus gatti after phagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of EP dried extracts were also evaluated. The analyzed samples showed no significant antibacterial activity; however, a slight antifungal activity was verified. Positive effects of EP extracts on the modulation of cellular immune response were observed in different experiments, indicating that this mechanism may contribute to the control and treatment of infections.

Resumo Objetivos: este estudo revisou sistematicamente a literatura para melhor compreender a associação entre COVID-19, gravidez e neonatos. Métodos: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, BVS e SCOPUS foram acessadas, considerando os termos: (covid 19 OR covid-19 OR novel coronavirus OR 2019 novel coronavirus OR 2019-nCoV OR sarscov 2 OR sars-cov-2 OR sarscov2 OR sars cov-2) AND (pregnancy OR pregnant OR pregnant women OR gestation OR gestational) AND (infant OR fetal OR neonatal). Trinta textos completos foram incluídos (408 gestantes, 11 mulheres nãogestantes e 279 recém-nascidos). Resultados: febre (45,83%) e tosse (31,61%) foram os principais sintomas da COVID-19 durante a gestação. Baixos níveis de linfócitos (32,10%), elevados níveis de proteínas Creativa (32,35%); leucocitose (29,41%); neutrófilo (5,88%); e alterações radiográficas sob tomografia computadorizada de tórax, radiografia ou ultrasom (45,84%) foram os principais achados laboratoriais. Parto por cesárea e prematuridade foram registrados em 239 e 49 casos, respectivamente. Dez recém-nascidos testaram positivo para o virus SARS-CoV-2. Conclusão: quando a pneumonia COVID-19 afeta mulheres durante a gravidez, os sintomas são semelhantes aos experimentados por mulheres não grávidas. Além disso, ainda não há evidências plausíveis que sugiram a transmissão vertical do vírus SARS-CoV-2 de mãe para filho.

Abstract Objectives: this study systematically reviewed the literature in order to better understand the association among COVID-19, pregnancy and neonates. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, BVS and SCOPUS were assessed, considering the terms: (covid 19 OR covid-19 OR novel coronavirus OR 2019 novel coronavirus OR 2019-nCoV OR sarscov 2 OR sars-cov-2 OR sarscov2 OR sars cov-2) AND (pregnancy OR pregnant OR pregnant women OR gestation OR gestational) AND (infant OR fetal OR neonatal). Thirty full-text were included (408 pregnant women, 11 non-pregnant women and 279 neonates). Results: fever (45.83%) and cough (31.61%) were the main symptoms of COVID-19 during the pregnancy. Low levels of lymphocytes (32.10%), elevated levels of C-reactive protein (32.35%); leukocytosis (29.41%); neutrophil (5.88%); and radiographic alterations on chest CT, x-ray or ultrasound (45.84%) were the main laboratorial findings. Cesarean delivery and preterm were registered in 239 and 49 cases, respectively. Ten neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: when COVID-19 pneumonia affects women during pregnancy, the symptoms are similar to those experienced by non-pregnant women. In addition, there is still no plausible evidence suggesting vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus from mother to child.

ABSTRACT Objectives: Candida spp. has been reported as one of the common agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections and is associated with a high mortality. Therefore, this study evaluated the clinical findings, local epidemiology, and microbiological aspects of candidemia in eight tertiary medical centers in the state of Parana, South of Brazil. Methods: In this study, we reported 100 episodes of candidemia in patients admitted to eight different hospitals in five cities of the state of Parana, Brazil, using data collected locally (2016 and 2017) and tabulated online. Results: The incidence was found to be 2.7 / 1000 patients / day and 1.2 / 1000 admissions. C. albicans was responsible for 49% of all candidemia episodes. Cancer and surgery were the two most common underlying conditions associated with candidemia. The mortality rate within 30 days was 48%, and removal of the central venous catheter (p = 0.029) as well as empirical or prophylactic exposure to antifungals were both related to improved survival (p = 0.033). Conclusions: This study highlights the high burden and mortality rates of candidemia in hospitals from Parana as well as the need to enhance antifungal stewardship program in the enrolled medical centers.

RESUMO Racional: A obesidade e a cirurgia bariátrica podem estar relacionadas a desordens mentais e bucais. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da cirurgia bariátrica na ansiedade, lesões iniciais de cárie dentária e sangramento gengival em pacientes obesos. Método: Oitenta e nove pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (GC) - obesos e Grupo Experimental (GE) - pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. O GE foi analisado antes e 12 meses após a cirurgia bariátrica; para o GC, foi respeitado um intervalo de 12 meses entre as avaliações. Foram utilizados o Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie, Índice de Sangramento Gengival e Inventário de Ansiedade do Traço-Estado. Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos nos dois momentos de avaliação em relação à lesão inicial de cárie dentária e ansiedade. No entanto, o número de dentes com lesão inicial de cárie dentária (p=0,0033) e sangramento gengival (p<0,0001) aumentou significativamente após a cirurgia bariátrica no GE. Conclusão: É necessário acompanhamento de equipe multiprofissional, incluindo atendimento odontológico, tanto para pacientes obesos quanto para bariátricos.

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity and bariatric surgery may be related with mental and oral disorders. Aim: To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on anxiety, initial dental caries lesion and gingival bleeding in obese patients. Methods: Eighty-nine patients were divided in two groups: Control Group (CG) - obese patients and Experimental Group (EG) - patients submitted to bariatric surgery. EG was analyzed before and 12 months after bariatric surgery; for the CG, was respected an interval of 12 months between the evaluations. International Caries Detection and Assessment System, Gingival Bleeding Index and Trace-State Anxiety Inventory were used. Medical profile, anthropometrics data, sociodemographic and behavioral variables were considered. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups in evaluation times regarding to initial dental caries lesion and anxiety. However, the number of teeth with initial dental caries lesion (p=0.0033) and gingival bleeding (p<0.0001) increased significantly after bariatric surgery in EG. Conclusion: These results reinforce the need for multi-professional team follow-up, including dental care, for both obese and bariatric patients.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A manometria de alta resolução tem sido um avanço significativo nos diagnósticos esofágicos. Existem diferentes tipos de cateteres e sistemas dispositivos para capturar pressões esofágicas que geram dados variáveis relacionados à Classificação de Chicago (CC) e, consequentemente, podem influenciar os resultados de valores da normalidade. Não há dados normativos com voluntários saudáveis na postura supina, para o sistema manométrico sob perfusão em água de 24 canais, o mais utilizado no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Determinar os valores normativos manométricos do esôfago para um cateter sob perfusão de alta resolução de 24 canais na postura supina utilizando-se voluntários saudáveis assintomáticos de acordo com os parâmetros CC. MÉTODOS: Um total de 92 voluntários sem sintomas gastrointestinais ou medicamentos que afetassem a motilidade gastrointestinal foram submetidos à manometria de alta resolução do esôfago por protocolo padrão (Sistema Alacer Multiplex). Foram coletados parâmetros de idade, sexo e os da manometria analisados pelo software Alacer versão 6.2. A mediana, os limites, e 5% e 95% percentis (quando aplicável) foram obtidos para todas as métricas de alta resolução. Os valores normais foram definidos como percentis de 95% da integral da pressão de relaxamento (IRP), 5%-100% da integral contrátil distal (DCI), e 5% latência distal. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 40,5±13,2 anos. As métricas normativas foram definidas como IRP <16 mmHg) e DCI (708-4111 mmHg.cm.s). Para a latência distal foi de 5,8-9,9 s (faixa: 5,3-10,7s). O comprimento total de quebra na contração esofágica foi de 4,0 cm (faixa: 0,1-6,8 cm). Para a EGJ-CI a faixa 5%-95% percentis foi de 21,7-86,9 mmHg.cm.s. CONCLUSÃO: Este é o primeiro relatório de dados normativos para o sistema de 24 canais perfundido por água na postura supina. A partir dos dados encontrados observa-se a possibilidade de alterar os cortes CC 3.0 para este sistema. Observa-se que há uma tendência que DCI >7000 mmHg.cm.s possa representar o limite inferior da hipercontratilidade e quando <700 mmHg.cm.s (<5% percentil) interpretada como motilidade esofágica ineficaz ou contração falha. Também em comparação com Chicago 3.0, foi encontrada maior pressão de relaxamento integrado e duração da latência distal. Ressaltamos que esses dados devem ser confirmados por estudos futuros.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The high-resolution manometry has been a significant advance in esophageal diagnostics. There are different types of catheter and systems devices to capture esophageal pressures that generate variable data related to Chicago Classification (CC) and consequently influence normal values results. There are not normative data for the 24-channel water-perfused high-resolution manometry system most used in Brazil with healthy volunteers in supine posture. OBJECTIVE: To determine manometric esophageal normative values for a 24-channel water-perfused high-resolution manometry catheter in supine posture using healthy volunteers according to CC 3.0 parameters. METHODS: A total of 92 volunteers with no gastrointestinal symptoms or medications affecting GI motility underwent esophageal high-resolution manometry by standard protocol. Age, gender and manometry parameters analyzed using Alacer software were collected. The median, range, and 5th and 95th percentiles (where applicable) were obtained for all high-resolution manometry metrics. Normal value percentiles were defined as 95th integrated relaxation pressure, 5th-100th distal contractile integral, and 5th distal latency. RESULTS: The mean age was 40.5±13.2 years. Our normative metrics were integrated relaxation pressure <16 mmHg and distal contractile integral (708-4111 mmHg.cm.s) distal latency was <6 s and peristaltic break size (>4 cm). For EGJ-CI the range 5th-95th was 21.7-86.9 mmHg.cm.s. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of normative data for the 24-channel water-perfused system in supine posture. It revealed higher integrated relaxation pressure and distal latency duration which suggest the need to change CC 3.0 cutoffs for this system. It is observed that there is a tendency that DCI >7000 mmHg.cm.s may represent the lower limit of hypercontractility, and when <700 mmHg.cm.s (<5% percentile) interpreted as ineffective esophageal motility or failcontraction. Also compared to Chicago 3.0, higher integrated relaxation pressure and duration of distal latency were found. We emphasize that these data must be confirmed by future studies.

Abstract Excessive weight is associated with periodontitis because of inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue. Periodontal impairments can occur during pregnancy due to association between high hormonal levels and inadequate oral hygiene. Moreover, periodontitis and excessive weight during pregnancy can negatively affect an infant’s weight at birth. Objective This observational, cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and the infants' birth weight. Methodology The sample set was divided into 2 groups according to the preconception body mass index: obesity/overweight (G1=50) and normal weight (G2=50). Educational level, monthly household income, and systemic impairments during pregnancy were assessed. Pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were obtained to analyze periodontitis. The children’s birth weight was classified as low (<2.5 kg), insufficient (2.5–2.999 kg), normal (3–3.999 kg), or excessive (≥4 kg). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney U test, t-test, chi-squared test) and logistic regression (stepwise backward likelihood ratio) were performed (p<0.05). Results G1 showed lower socioeconomic levels and higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy than G2 (p=0.002). G1 showed higher means of PPD and CAL (p=0.041 and p=0.039, respectively) and therefore a higher prevalence of periodontitis than G2 (p=0.0003). G1 showed lower infants’ birth weight than G2 (p=0.0004). Excessive maternal weight and educational levels were independent variables associated with periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy (X2[2]=23.21; p<0.0001). Maternal overweight/obesity was also associated with low/insufficient birth weight (X2[1]=7.01; p=0.008). Conclusion The present findings suggest an association between excessive pre-pregnancy weight, maternal periodontitis, and low/insufficient birth weight.

RESUMO O conceito de conservação de precisão pode ser definido como um conjunto de tecnologias espaciais e outros procedimentos ligados as variáveis ambientais mapeáveis, que podem ser utilizadas para programar práticas de gestão da conservação recursos naturais que levam em consideração a variabilidade dessas variáveis no espaço e tempo dentro de sistemas naturais ou agrícolas. Nesse contexto, considera-se a perda estrutural do solo por meio de atividades antrópicas, como com um processo com variação espacial e temporal. A gestão da condição de agregação do solo pode contribuir para processos agrícolas mais regenerativos e sustentáveis, pois permite a utilização das tecnologias de análise espacial, por meio de indicadores visuais georreferenciados ou mesmo a utilização de sistemas com aprendizado automático, conhecidos como deep learning. Nesse sentido, foi desenvolvido um método visual justaposto com uma análise de lógica fuzzy para a classificação dos agregados quanto à forma, rugosidade superficial e estruturas biogênicas. Assim, numa segunda etapa foi desenvolvido um modelo de rede neural artificial capaz de detectar e classificar diferentes formas de agregados do solo, permitindo dessa maneira, uma breve discussão da temática e seu potencial de aplicação na gestão conservacionista por meio da análise de agregados via sistemas automáticos de classificação. Dessa maneira, são apresentados elementos para a motivação de pesquisas e desenvolvimento em tecnologias adaptativas, no apoio à decisão que possam auxiliar a integração de informações dinâmicas e espaciais no entendimento da condição estrutural do solo com a finalidade de uma conservação dos solos com mais precisão.

ABSTRACT The concept of precision conservation can be defined as a set of space technologies and other procedures linked to mappable environmental variables, which can be used to program conservation management practices for natural resources that consider the variability of these variables in space and time within of natural or agricultural systems. In this context, structural loss of soil through human activities is considered, as with a process with a spatial and temporal variation. The management of soil aggregation conditions can contribute to more regenerative and sustainable agricultural processes. It allows spatial analysis technologies through georeferenced visual indicators or even the use of systems with automatic learning, known as deep learning. In this sense, a fair visual method was developed with an analysis of fuzzy logic to classify aggregates in terms of shape, surface roughness, and biogenic structures. Thus, in a second stage, a model of the artificial neural network was developed, capable of detecting and classifying different forms of soil aggregates, thus allowing a brief discussion of the theme and its potential for application in conservation management through the analysis of aggregates via systems automatic sorting. In this way, elements are presented for the motivation of research and development in adaptive technologies in supporting decision-making that can help integrate dynamic and spatial information in the understanding of the soil’s structural condition to preserve the soil more precisely.

RESUMO: A adulteração do leite pela adição de soro de leite é um problema que diz respeito às autoridades nacionais e internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o teor de soro em amostras de leite adulterado por meio de redes neurais artificiais, usando como variáveis de entrada os resultados de análises rotineiras em amostras de leite. As análises foram realizadas com diferentes concentrações em relação à adição de soro de leite (0, 5, 10 e 20%), e as amostras foram analisadas quanto à gordura, sólidos não gordurosos, densidade, proteína, lactose, minerais e ponto de congelamento, totalizando 164 ensaios, dos quais 60% foram utilizados para treinamento em rede, 20% para validação de rede e 20% para teste de rede neural. O método de Garson foi utilizado para determinar a importância das variáveis. A técnica de redes neurais para a determinação da fraude ao leite por adição de soro provou ser eficiente. Entre as variáveis de maior relevância estavam o teor de gordura e a densidade.

ABSTRACT: The adulteration of milk by the addition of whey is a problem that concerns national and international authorities. The objective of this research was to quantify the whey content in adulterated milk samples using artificial neural networks, employing routine analyses of dairy milk samples. The analyses were performed with different concentrations of whey (0, 5, 10, and 20%), and samples were analyzed for fat, non-fat solids, density, protein, lactose, minerals, and freezing point, totaling 164 assays, of which 60% were used for network training, 20% for network validation, and 20% for neural network testing. The Garson method was used to determine the importance of the variables. The neural network technique for the determination of milk fraud by the addition of whey proved to be efficient. Among the variables of highest relevance were fat content and density.

RESUMO Planta ornamental é toda aquela cultivada por sua beleza e que normalmente é usada em jardinagem e paisagismo. A variada cor da folhagem e os frutos coloridos que caracterizam as pimentas ornamentais garantem uma exibição vívida e brilhante em jardins que rivaliza com outras ornamentais. No presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o potencial uso ornamental de oito acessos de pimenta, Capsicum annuum, procedentes do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Capsicum (BAGC) da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) por meio de descritores qualitativos e quantitativos. O experimento foi conduzido em telado, localizado no Departamento de Fitotecnia, do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, da UFPI, onde os acessos foram avaliados em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com oito repetições, sendo uma planta por parcela, e caracterizados com base em 35 descritores, sendo 23 qualitativos multicategóricos e 12 quantitativos. Os dados dos descritores quantitativos foram submetidos à análise de variância univariada, seguida do agrupamento das médias por meio do teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de probabilidade, já os dados dos descritores qualitativos multicategóricos foram ponderados a partir da moda observada. Os oito acessos avaliados possuem potencial ornamental e estão dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Floricultura, sendo que os acessos BAGC 98, 100, 203, 207, 224 e 236 foram adequados para o cultivo em vasos, enquanto BAGC 220, para cultivo em jardins. O acesso BAGC 199 destacou-se como o mais promissor por corresponder a todos os critérios de qualidade para porte, folhagem, flores e frutos propostos pela Cooperativa Veiling Holambra.

ABSTRACT Ornamental plants are all plants grown for their beauty and are commonly used in gardening and landscaping. The colorful fruits and varied foliage colors that typify ornamental peppers provide a vibrant garden display that rivals other ornamental plants. This study aimed to evaluate the potential ornamental use of eight pepper accessions, Capsicum annuum, from the Capsicum Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal do Piauí, using qualitative and quantitative descriptors. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Plant Science, Centre of Agricultural Sciences of Universidade Federal do Piauí, where the accessions were evaluated through a completely randomized design, with eight replicates, one plant per plot, and characterized based on 35 descriptors, 23 of which were qualitative and 12 quantitative. Data on quantitative descriptors were submitted to univariate analysis of variance, followed by Scott-Knott clustering test at 5% probability. Data on qualitative multicategorical descriptors were considered based on observations of statistical mode. The eight accessions evaluated have ornamental potential and are within the standards established by the Instituto Brasileiro de Floricultura. The accessions BAGC 98, 100, 203, 207, 224, and 236 accessions are suitable for cultivation in pots, while BAGC 220 is suitable for garden cultivation. BAGC 199 is the most promising accession because it supports all quality criteria required for size, foliage, flowers, and fruit proposed by the Veiling Holambra Cooperative.