ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: A bibliometric analysis covering only the production of original studies or considering world production until 2022 has yet to be conducted. The creation and advancement of vaccines have also influenced research priorities, demonstrating the need for a new approach to this subject. OBJECTIVES: To analyze worldwide scientific production related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the aged and to describe what has already been produced. DESIGN AND SETTING: Bibliometric analysis with a quantitative approach. METHOD: The search terms “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Aged,” and “Elderly” were used to retrieve articles from the Web of Science database. A total of 684 articles were included in the analysis. Data were imported into RStudio Desktop Software and linked to R Software. The Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software were used for analysis. RESULTS: Most articles were published in 2020. These were produced by 4,937 authors and published in 379 journals. The keyword most used by the authors was “COVID-19.” Publications from 77 countries were obtained. China had the highest article production ranking, and Spain collaborated the most. The articles addressed the implications of the pandemic on the aged, the relationship between vaccination in the aged, and the implications for the disease itself. CONCLUSION: Further research should be conducted, mainly concerning vaccines and vaccination of the aged, owing to the need for and importance of immunization in this risk group, including assessing the long-term effects of vaccines.

Objective: to analyze the correlation between time on target and glycated hemoglobin in people living with diabetes mellitus and carrying out continuous blood glucose monitoring or self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose. Method: systematic review of etiology and risk based on JBI guidelines and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses, covering six databases and grey literature. The sample included 16 studies and methodological quality was assessed using JBI tools. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework, available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Results: time on target (70-180 mg/dl) showed a negative correlation with glycated hemoglobin, while time above target (>180 mg/dl) showed a positive correlation. Correlation coefficients ranged between -0.310 and -0.869 for time on target, and between 0.66 and 0.934 for time above target. A study was carried out on a population that performed self-monitoring. Conclusion: there is a statistically significant correlation between time on target and time above target with glycated hemoglobin. The higher the proportion in the adequate glycemic range, the closer to or less than 7% the glycated hemoglobin will be. More studies are needed to evaluate this metric with data from self-monitoring of blood glucose.

Objetivo: analizar la correlación entre el tiempo en rango y la hemoglobina glicosilada de personas que viven con diabetes mellitus y realizan la monitorización continua de la glucemia o el automonitoreo de la glucemia capilar Método: revisión sistemática de etiología y riesgo basada en las directrices del JBI e informada según los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, abarcando seis bases de datos y la literatura gris. La muestra incluyó 16 estudios y la calidad metodológica fue evaluada utilizando las herramientas del JBI. Protocolo registrado en Open Science Framework, disponible en https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Resultados: tiempo en rango (70-180 mg/dl) mostró una correlación negativa con la hemoglobina glicosilada, mientras que el tiempo por encima del rango (>180 mg/dl) mostró una correlación positiva. Los coeficientes de correlación variaron entre -0,310 y -0,869 para el tiempo en rango, y entre 0,66 y 0,934 para el tiempo por encima del rango. Un estudio se realizó en una población que hacía el automonitoreo. Conclusión: hay una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el tiempo en rango y el tiempo por encima del rango con la hemoglobina glicosilada. Cuanto mayor sea la proporción en el rango glucémico adecuado, más cerca o por debajo del 7% estará la hemoglobina glicosilada. Se necesitan más estudios que evalúen esta métrica con datos del automonitoreo de la glucemia.

Objetivo: analisar a correlação entre o tempo no alvo e a hemoglobina glicada de pessoas que vivem com diabetes mellitus e realizam a monitorização contínua da glicemia ou a automonitorização da glicemia capilar. Método: revisão sistemática de etiologia e de risco pautada nas diretrizes do JBI e reportada conforme Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, abrangendo seis bases de dados e a literatura cinzenta. A amostra incluiu 16 estudos e a qualidade metodológica foi avaliada utilizando as ferramentas do JBI. Registrado protocolo no Open Science Framework, disponível em https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/NKMZB. Resultados: tempo no alvo (70-180 mg/dl) apresentou correlação negativa com a hemoglobina glicada, enquanto o tempo acima do alvo (>180 mg/dl) mostrou correlação positiva. Os coeficientes de correlação variaram entre -0,310 e -0,869 para o tempo no alvo, e entre 0,66 e 0,934 para o tempo acima do alvo. Um estudo foi efetuado com população que realizava a automonitorização. Conclusão: há correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o tempo no alvo e o tempo acima do alvo com a hemoglobina glicada. Quanto maior a proporção na faixa glicêmica adequada, mais próxima ou inferior a 7% estará a hemoglobina glicada. São necessários mais estudos que avaliem essa métrica com dados da automonitorização da glicemia.

Abstract The management of organic fertilization in passion fruit has been carried out empirically based on the responses of the crops and the experience of farmers. Knowledge of the physiological responses of plants to organic fertilizers is essential to optimize fertilization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differential expression of genes coding for nitrate transporters as well as plasma membrane H+-ATPase in passion fruit seedlings treated with different organic fertilizers in the presence or not of humic acids. The equivalent of one gram of total nitrogen dissolved in water from cattle manure, castor oil cake and urea were added and the seedlings were treated or not with a suspension of humic acids (2 mmol/L). Differential expression of low and high affinity nitrate transporters (PeNRT2.2 and PeNRT1.1 PeNRT2.2e) and H+-ATPase (PeMha) was performed by qRT-PCR. The use of cattle manure increased the differential expression of the high affinity transporter regarding to the control. The application of humic acids amplified the increase observed in the differential transcription of the high-affinity transporter with manure and urea fertilization, with no effect observed with the use of castor oil cake. Humic acids induced transcription of the gene encoding H+-ATPases in all treatments compared to control. The application of biofertilizer based on humic acids in low concentrations directly on the plant can be used with the objective of optimizing the organic fertilization of passion fruit with cattle manure and urea.

Resumo O manejo da adubação orgânica no maracujazeiro tem sido realizado de forma empírica, baseado nas respostas das lavouras e na experiência do produtor. O conhecimento das respostas fisiológicas da planta à adubação orgânica é fundamental para otimizar os programas de fertilização. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão diferencial dos transportadores de nitrato bem como da H+-ATPase de membrana plasmática, em mudas de maracujazeiro adubadas com diferentes fertilizantes orgânicos, na presença ou não de ácidos húmicos. Foram adicionados o equivalente a um grama de nitrogênio total dissolvido em água proveniente de esterco de curral, torta de mamona e ureia, e as mudas foram tratadas ou não com uma suspensão de ácidos húmicos (2 mmol/L). A expressão diferencial dos transportadores de nitrato, de baixa e de alta afinidade PeNRT2.2) e da H+-ATPase, foi realizada por qRT-PCR. O uso de esterco de curral aumentou a expressão diferencial do transportador de alta afinidade em relação ao controle. A aplicação de ácidos húmicos ampliou o aumento observado na transcrição diferencial do transportador de alta afinidade com a adubação com esterco e também com ureia, não sendo observado qualquer efeito com o uso da torta de mamona. Os ácidos húmicos induziram a transcrição do gene que codifica a H+-ATPases em todos os tratamentos, em relação ao controle. A aplicação de ácidos húmicos em baixas concentrações, diretamente sobre a planta, pode ser utilizada com o objetivo de otimizar a adubação orgânica do maracujazeiro quando realizada com esterco de curral e também com ureia.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the impact of neck pain, neck mobility, and body mass index on teachers’ postural control. Methods: a cross-sectional study with 54 state public school teachers, 68.5% (n = 37) being females, with a mean age of 46.5 ± 9.3 years. Data were collected with the following instruments: Craniocervical Dysfunction Index (Brazilian version), force platform in bipedal and semi-tandem stance, visual analog scale, cervical mobility index, and body mass index. Data were analyzed with nonparametric statistics and multiple linear regression; the significance level was set at p<0.05, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: teachers with neck pain and severely impaired neck mobility had greater postural control changes in the semi-tandem stance. In the bipedal stance, those with mild mobility changes and neck pain had a smaller total displacement. Obese teachers had a smaller movement amplitude in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Conclusion: teachers presented with neck pain and severely impaired neck mobility had a worse postural control. Obese teachers had a smaller total amplitude in both movement directions.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o impacto da cervicalgia, mobilidade cervical e índice de massa corporal no controle postural de professores. Métodos: estudo transversal com 54 professores da rede estadual de ensino, com média de idade de 46,5 ± 9,3 anos, dos quais: 68,5% (n = 37) eram do sexo feminino. A coleta de dados teve como base os seguintes instrumentos: Craniocervical Dysfunction Index (versão brasileira), plataforma de força na posição bipodal e semitandem, escala visual analógica, índice de mobilidade cervical e índice de massa corporal. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizada estatística não paramétrica e análise de regressão linear múltipla, com nível de significância p<0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: os professores com cervicalgia e comprometimento severo da mobilidade cervical tiveram maior alteração do controle postural na posição semitandem. Na posição bipodal, aqueles com leve alteração da mobilidade e dor cervical apresentaram menor deslocamento total, assim como professores obesos demostraram menor amplitude de movimento nas direções anteroposterior e médio-lateral. Conclusão: os professores com cervicalgia e comprometimento severo da mobilidade cervical tiveram pior controle postural. Já os obesos apresentaram menor amplitude total em ambas as direções do movimento.

ABSTRACT The objectives of this work were to estimate the genetic parameters for the traits longevity (LG) and accumulated milk yield at 305 days (MY305) using a bitrait animal model and the single-step GBLUP method and estimate the genetic gain for LG through direct and indirect selection for MY305. We used 4,057 records of first lactations of Murrah dairy buffaloes, collected between 1987 and 2020, belonging to six Brazilian herds located in the states Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, and São Paulo and 960 animals genotyped using the 90K Axiom Buffalo Genotyping (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Santa Clara, CA) to estimate the genetic parameters. The heritability estimate was 0.25 for MY305 and 0.13 for LG. The genetic gain for LG was 0.13 months under direct selection, and 0.14 months under indirect selection, which results in a relative selection efficiency of 11% under selection for MY305 compared with the direct selection. The genetic correlation between the two traits was 0.77, indicating that animals with genetic potential for high MY305 tend to live longer. The genetic trends for MY305 and LG were 0.22 kg/year and 5.20 days/year, respectively, indicating a positive response, which reaffirms its relationship with the high genetic correlation between the two traits.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of university professors about Integrative Community Therapy as a mental health promotion strategy. Methods: Qualitative, phenomenological and interventional research, conducted with professors of the Nursing course at the Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The experiential descriptions were produced through phenomenological interviews, whose resulting material was analyzed based on the Ambiguity Analytical technique. Results: The professors expressed a lack of interaction between them, a fact that has become a reality in everyday academic life and that has worsened in the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, the Community Therapy circles in a virtual environment proved to be effective in sharing psychosocial and physical demands, as well as in the collective discussion of problem situations and the search for joint solutions. Conclusion: The study highlights the potential of Community Therapy as an integrative and complementary practice to the Brazilian public health care model.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la percepción de los profesores universitarios sobre la Terapia Integrativa Comunitaria como estrategia para promover la salud mental. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, fenomenológica e intervencionista, realizada con profesores del curso de Enfermería de la Universidad Estatal del Sudoeste de Bahía, Jequié, Bahía, Brasil. Las descripciones vivenciales se produjeron a través de entrevistas fenomenológicas, cuyo material resultante fue analizado con base en la técnica Analítica de la Ambigüedad. Resultados: Los docentes manifestaron una falta de interacción entre ellos, hecho que se ha hecho realidad en la vida académica cotidiana y que se ha agravado con el surgimiento de la pandemia de COVID-19. En este contexto, las ruedas de Terapia Comunitaria en un entorno virtual demostraron ser efectivas para compartir demandas psicosociales y físicas, así como en la discusión colectiva de situaciones problemáticas y la búsqueda de soluciones conjuntas. Conclusión: El estudio destaca el potencial de la Terapia Comunitaria como práctica integradora y complementaria al modelo de salud pública brasileño.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a percepção de docentes universitários sobre a Terapia Comunitária Integrativa como estratégia de promoção da saúde mental. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica e interventiva, realizada com docentes do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. As descrições vivenciais foram produzidas mediante entrevista fenomenológica, cujo material resultante foi analisado com base na técnica Analítica da Ambiguidade. Resultados: As Docentes expressaram carência de interação entre elas, fato que tem se constituído uma realidade no cotidiano da vida acadêmica e que se agravou na emergência da pandemia da COVID-19. Nesse contexto, as rodas de Terapia Comunitária em ambiente virtual se mostraram eficazes ao compartilhamento de demandas psicossociais e físicas, bem como à discussão coletiva de situações-problema e a busca de soluções conjuntas. Conclusão: O Estudo evidencia o potencial da Terapia Comunitária como prática integrativa e complementar ao modelo de atenção à saúde pública brasileiro.

Crotalaria ochroleuca (Fabaceae) is rich in bioactive compounds used for nematode control. Transformed root culture allows the production of a large amount of hairy root biomass, conditioned by auxin biosynthesis-related genes integrated via the process of Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection, which is known to cause a hairy root phenotype. We transformed A. rhizogenes to increase the biomass of hairy roots and optimized the process of production of bioactive compounds. The transformed nature of hairy roots was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, which confers kanamycin resistance. The transformed roots were cultured in full-strength in liquid media to realize the growth of hairy roots and the production of bioactive compounds. The transformed roots were grown in a culture medium supplemented with elicitors to produce total phenols, and flavonoids. Chromatographic analysis of transformed roots revealed the presence of flavonoids apigenin-6,8-C-diglucoside and luteolin-6-C-glucoside. The results were obtained by conducting physiological and biochemical studies with the Flavonoids and studying the pathways that led to the production of large amounts of bioactive compounds from the hairy roots of C. ochroleuca. It was observed that the extraction of the compounds significantly affected nematodes and insect larvae, resulting in significantly high levels of economic damage to crops.

Abstract This paper evaluated the drying kinetics at different temperatures and the effect of the drying temperature on the physical-chemical properties and active compounds of the residue from the industrial processing of camu-camu. The drying temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C were evaluated. The residues dried at different temperatures were characterized in terms of their pH, water activity, anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The parameters of the Page model showed the best adjustments to the experimental data. Drying affected the concentration of active compounds in the camu-camu residue. At 60 °C, the degradation of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds was lower than in the dry residue, possibly because less time was required to achieve equilibrium in moisture content. Thus, in order to maintain higher concentrations of active compounds in the residue, drying at higher temperatures is recommended.

Abstract Jabuticaba is a fruit sensory appreciated and has significant nutritional and functional value. However, it is quite perishable, and its use is interesting for the preparation of other products such as fermented jabuticaba, from a nutritional, biological and technological point of view. This study evaluated the interference of maceration time over antioxidant capacity, volatile compounds profile and temporal dominant sensation of fermented jabuticaba. Four different treatments of fermented jabuticaba in different fermentation times were prepared (96, 120, 144 and 168 h). After preparation, total monomeric anthocyanin content, total antioxidant activity by 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and iron reduction method, volatile compounds profile by gas chromatography and sensory analysis of temporal dominance of sensations were performed of fermented jabuticaba. The highest concentration of total anthocyanins (25.81 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activity (78.34 μmol Trolox/g e 84.69 μM FeSO4/g) of jabuticaba is in its skin. Regarding the antioxidant activity by FRAP method, the fermented beverages presented higher value than the whole fruit. However, after 96 h of maceration, the values decreased, followed by an increase after 144 h. In all maceration times the predominant sensation was acidic taste, initially and then astringency, the most persistent sensation in all treatments. However, there was a downward trend in this sensation with the increase in maceration time, as well as isoamyl alcohol content.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o tipo e tempo de hospitalização em pessoas que relataram anosmia e ageusia após a COVID-19. Métodos: estudo transversal com pacientes que foram encaminhados pelo hospital após a alta médica. Um questionário padronizado foi aplicado presencialmente contendo dados referentes a idade, sexo, antropometria, necessidade de internação, anosmia e ageusia. Estatística não-paramétrica foi utilizada para analisar os dados. Os testes de Mann Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis foram utilizados para comparação dos grupos. Considerou-se significante um p<0,05. Resultados: foram analisadas as respostas de 201 participantes com média de idade de 44,7 ± 12,7 anos, 52,2% (n = 105) eram do sexo masculino, 67,7% foram internados (n = 136), 60,2% (n = 121) relataram ageusia e 55,7% (n = 112) informaram anosmia. Houve diferença em relação aos dias de permanência em Unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) para o grupo Ageusia (p = 0,004), sendo que estes apresentaram menor tempo de internação. Quanto aos que relataram anosmia, houve diferença e menor tempo de internação para ambos, enfermaria (p = 0,001) e UTI (p = 0,004). Os dados categóricos demonstraram associação entre anosmia e internação (sim e não) (p = 0,018; phi = -0,167), sendo que, entre os que não foram internados, 67% (n = 44) relataram anosmia. Conclusão: aqueles que relataram anosmia e ageusia apresentaram menor tempo de internação, quando necessário.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the type and length of hospital stay in people who reported anosmia and ageusia after COVID-19. Methods: a cross-sectional study with patients who were referred by the hospital after medical discharge. They answered a standardized in-person questionnaire on age, sex, anthropometry, need for hospitalization, anosmia, and ageusia. Nonparametric statistics were calculated to analyze the data. The Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the groups. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: the responses of 201 participants with a mean age of 44.7 ± 12.7 years were analyzed, 52.2% (n = 105) were males, 67.7% had been hospitalized (n = 136), 60.2% (n = 121) reported ageusia, and 55.7% (n = 112) reported anosmia. There was a difference in days spent in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for the Ageusia group (p = 0.004), which had a shorter length of stay. As for those who reported anosmia, there was a difference and shorter length of stay for both the ward (p = 0.001) and ICU (p = 0.004). Categorical data showed that anosmia was associated with hospitalization (yes or no) (p = 0.018; phi = -0.167). Among those who were not hospitalized, 67% (n = 44) reported anosmia. Conclusion: those who reported anosmia and ageusia had shorter hospital stays, when necessary.

Resumen Antecedentes: La hipótesis fue que una dieta con combinación de urea y óxido de calcio (CaO) para el ensilaje de caña de azúcar, puede mejorar la producción de vacas lecheras cruzadas. Objetivo: Evaluar la urea y el óxido de calcio como aditivos para preservar la calidad del ensilaje de caña de azúcar y determinar si mejoran el rendimento y la eficiencia metabólica de vacas lecheras. Métodos: Cuatro dietas fueron utilizadas: ensilaje de caña de azúcar sin aditivo (SS), ensilaje de caña de azúcar con 10 g/kg de urea (SU), ensilaje de caña de azúcar con 5 g/kg de urea + 5 g/kg de CaO (SUC) y ensilaje de caña de azúcar con 10 g/kg de CaO (SC). Ocho vacas cruzadas fueron evaluadas con una producción media de leche de 15 kg/día y aproximadamente 100 días de lactación, distribuidas en dos cuadrados latinos 4x4. Resultados: El consumo de materia seca, carbohidratos no fibrosos, materia orgánica, carbohidratos totales y nutrientes digestibles totales fue mayor (p<0,05) cuando las vacas fueron alimentadas con dietas conteniendo SC. La excreción de nitrógeno en la orina fue mayor (p<0,05) cuando las vacas fueron alimentadas con dietas basadas en SUC que las alimentadas con dietas SC. El nitrógeno ureico de la leche fue mayor (p<0,05) en animales alimentados con dietas con SU. El balance de nitrógeno fue positivo en todos los tratamientos, sin embargo, la síntesis de proteína microbiana fue baja para todas las dietas. Conclusión: La dieta con SU presentó la mayor pérdida de nitrógeno por medio de la leche. Entre los ensilajes evaluados, aquellos con SC y SUC son recomendados por promover un mayor consumo de componentes nutricionales.

Abstract Background: Inclusion of urea and calcium oxide (CaO) during sugarcane ensilage has been hypothesized to improve dairy cow performance. Objective: To evaluate the use of urea and calcium oxide as additives to preserve sugarcane silage quality and determine whether they improve dairy cow performance and metabolic efficiency. Methods: Four diets were used: sugarcane silage without additive (SS), sugarcane silage with 10 g/kg urea (SU), sugarcane silage with 5 g/kg urea + 5 g/kg CaO (SUC), and sugarcane silage with 10 g/kg CaO (SC). Eight crossbred cows at approximately 100 days of lactation were distributed in two 4x4 Latin squares, and their diets were formulated to reach an average milk production of 15 kg/day. Results: Dry matter, non-fibrous carbohydrates, organic matter, total carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrient intake were the highest (p<0.05) for the cows fed SC. Urinary excretion of nitrogen was higher (p<0.05) for cows fed diets based on SUC than those fed diets with SC. Milk urea nitrogen content was the highest (p<0.05) in animals fed SU diets. Nitrogen balance was positive in all treatments; however, the microbial protein synthesis was low for all diets. Conclusions: The diet with SU showed the highest nitrogen loss through the milk. Among the evaluated silages, those with SC and SUC are recommended to promote a high intake of nutritional components.

Resumo Antecedentes: A hipótese foi que uma dieta com a mistura de ureia e óxido de cálcio (CaO) para a ensilagem de cana de açúcar, poderia melhorar a produção de vacas leiteiras mestiças. Objetivo: Avaliar ureia e óxido de cálcio como aditivos para preservar a qualidade da silagem de cana de açúcar: melhoria da produção e eficiência metabólica de vacas leiteiras. Métodos: Quatro dietas foram utilizadas: silagem de cana de açúcar sem aditivo (SS), silagem de cana de açúcar com 10 g/kg de ureia (SU), silagem de cana de açúcar com 5 g/kg de ureia + 5 g/kg de CaO (SUC) e silagem de cana de açúcar com 10 g/kg de CaO (SC). Oito vacas mestiças foram avaliadas com uma produção media de 15 kg/dia e aproximadamente 100 dias de lactação, distribuídas em dois quadrados latinos 4x4. Resultados: O consumo de matéria seca, carboidratos não fibrosos, matéria orgânica, carboidratos totais e nutrientes digestíveis totais foi maior (p<0,05) quando as vacas foram alimentadas com dietas contendo SC. A excreção de nitrogênio na urina foi maior (p<0,05) quando as vacas foram alimentadas com dietas baseadas em SUC do que aqueles animais alimentados com dietas SC. O nitrogênio ureico do leite foi maior (p<0,05) em animais alimentados com dietas com SU. O balanço de nitrogênio foi positivo em todos os tratamentos, no entanto, a síntese de proteína microbiana foi baixa para todas as dietas. Conclusão: A dieta com SU apresentou maior perda de nitrogênio por meio do leite. Entre as silagens avaliadas, aquelas com SC e SUC são recomendadas por promover maior consumo de componentes nutricionais.

Abstract Background and objectives: Abdominal Hysterectomy (AH) is associated with significant inflammatory response and can result in moderate to severe postoperative pain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of magnesium infusion in reducing postoperative pain and analgesic consumption after AH under spinal anesthesia with Intrathecal Morphine (ITM). Method: Eighty-six patients were included in this clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind study. Patients received in Group Mg, MgSO4 50 mg kg−1 for 15 minutes followed by 15 mg kg−1 h−1 until the end of the surgery; and in Group C, (control) the same volume of isotonic saline. Both groups received 100 µg of ITM. All patients received dipyrone + ketoprofen intraoperatively and postoperatively, and dexamethasone intraoperatively only. We evaluated the intensity of pain, tramadol consumption, and adverse events 24 hours postoperatively. Results: Serum magnesium concentrations were higher in Group Mg at the end, and one hour after the operation (p = 0.000). Postoperative pain scores were reduced in Group Mg at 6 hours at rest and on movement (p < 0.05). Tramadol consumption did not show a statistically significant difference between Group Mg and Group C (15.5 ± 36.6 mg and 29.2 ± 67.8 mg respectively, p = 0.53). Hemodynamic variables, the incidence of pruritus, nausea, and vomiting were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Infusion of MgSO4 during AH undergoing spinal anesthesia with ITM reduced at 6 hours at rest and on movement. More studies should be performed to evaluate the potential antinociceptive effect of MgSO4 in scenarios where a multimodal analgesia approach was employed.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de retardantes de fogo e de um polímero hidrorretentor sobre a germinação de sementes das espécies florestais tropicais Handroanthu simpetiginosus (ipê-rosa), Tabebuia roseoalba (ipê-branco), Enterolobium schomburgkii (faveira) e Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). Destaca-se que não foram realizadas comparações entre os produtos, pois estes apresentam diferentes recomendações comerciais e composições químicas. As sementes foram submetidas a soluções de três retardantes de fogo nas seguintes concentrações: i) Phos-Chek WD881® a 0,0; 0,1; 0,3; 0,6; 0,8 e 1,0 mL L-1; ii) Hold Fire® a 0,0; 0,7; 0,9; 1,1; 1,3 e 1,5 mL L-1; e iii) polímero hidrorretentor Nutrigel® a 0,00; 0,10; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,0 g L-1. Foram avaliadas quatro repetições de 100, 100, 30 e 25 sementes para as espécies supracitadas, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os testes de germinação foram conduzidos em câmaras de germinação a 30°C e fotoperíodo de 12 h, por 14 dias. Avaliaram-se: porcentagem de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e vigor de plântulas. O Phos-Chek WD881 reduziu a velocidade de germinação dos ipês e a primeira contagem de germinação e quantidade de plântulas normais dessas espécies e do paricá. O Hold Fire influenciou na porcentagem de germinação do ipê-rosa (máximo de 97,0% em 1,1 mL L-1) e na velocidade de germinação do ipê-branco, mas não causou variações no vigor das plântulas. O polímero hidrorretentor não influenciou na germinação, mas causou redução de 14,3% de plântulas normais para o paricá. Em geral, Phos-Chek WD881 pode ser fitotóxico para o ipê-branco, ipê-rosa e paricá, quando aplicado em concentrações ≥ 0,6 mL L-1; Hold Fire pode promover a germinação do ipê-branco e do ipê-rosa, sem efeitos para as demais espécies; e o polímero hidrorretentor não exerceu nenhum efeito sobre a germinação de sementes das espécies florestais avaliadas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of fire retardants and water-retaining polymer on seed germination of tropical forest species Handroanthu simpetiginosus (ipê-rosa), Tabebuia roseoalba (ipê-branco), Enterolobium schomburgkii (faveira) and Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). It is noteworthy that no comparisons were made between the products, as they have different commercial recommendations and chemical compositions. The seeds were submitted to solutions of three fire retardants in the following concentrations: i) Phos-Chek WD881® at 0.0; 0.1; 0.3; 0.6; 0.8 and 1.0 mL L-1; ii) Hold Fire® at 0.0; 0.7; 0.9; 1.1; 1.3 and 1.5 mL L-1; and iii) water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® at 0.0; 0.10; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.0 g L-1. Four replicates of 100, 100, 30 and 25 seeds were evaluated for the aforementioned species, in a completely randomized design. The germination tests were conducted in germination chambers at 30°C and 12 hours of photoperiod for 14 days. It was evaluated: germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, average germination time and seedling vigor were evaluated. Phos-Chek WD881 reduced the germination speed of the ipês and the first germination count and number of normal seedlings of these species and paricá. Hold Fire influenced the germination percentage of ipê-rosa (maximum 97.0% in 1.1 mL L-1) and the germination speed of ipê-branco, but did not cause variations in seedlings vigor. The water-retaining polymer did not influence germination, but caused a 14.3% reduction of normal seedlings to paricá. In general, Phos-Chek WD881 can be phytotoxic to ipê-branco, ipê-rosa and paricá, when applied in concentrations ≥ 0.6 mL L-1; Hold Fire can promote the germination of ipê-branco and ipê-rosa, without effects for the other species; and the water-retainng polymer had no effect on the seed germination of the evaluated forest species.

RESUMO Devido ao uso dessa árvore na produção de látex, a Hevea brasiliensis tem um papel consolidado na economia brasileira. No entanto, ao final do ciclo produtivo dessa árvore, que dura aproximadamente 25 anos, a madeira resultante desse empreendimento não possui valor agregado e é normalmente utilizada na produção de lenha. Buscando introduzir esta espécie na indústria moveleira e da construção civil, este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade de painéis aglomerados produzidos com madeira de Pinus oocarpa misturada com madeira de Hevea brasiliensis em diferentes proporções. Os painéis aglomerados foram produzidos com uma densidade nominal de 0,60 g/cm³ e 8% de adesivo uréia-formaldeído e prensados a 160 °C por 8 minutos a uma pressão de 4,0 MPa. A qualidade dos painéis aglomerados foi avaliada pelos testes de absorção de água e inchamento em espessura, ligação interna, flexão estática e arrancamento de parafusos. A substituição das partículas de Pinus por Hevea resultou em decréscimo da absorção de água e do inchamento em espessura. Os painéis produzidos com maior proporção de Hevea apresentaram melhor estabilidade dimensional devido à maior porosidade das partículas de Pinus oocarpa. A inclusão da madeira de Hevea brasiliensis resultou em um aumento de 75% no módulo de ruptura e um aumento de 300% na ligação interna em comparação com os painéis de partículas produzidos apenas com madeira de Pinus oocarpa. A madeira de Hevea brasiliensis pode ser utilizada para obter produtos de maior valor agregado e contribuir para a diversificação das matérias-primas utilizadas nas indústrias brasileiras de painéis aglomerados.

ABSTRACT The use of the Hevea brasiliensis tree in latex rubber production has resulted in a consolidated role of this tree in the Brazilian economy. However, at the end of the productive cycle of the tree that lasts for approximately 25 years, the timber resulting from this venture has no added value and is usually used for the production of firewood. In order to introduce this species into the furniture and civil construction industry, the current study aimed to evaluate the quality of particleboard produced by adding Pinus oocarpa wood with Hevea brasiliensis wood in different ratios. The particleboards were produced with a nominal density of 0.60 g/cm³ and 8% (wt%) urea-formaldehyde resin and pressed at 160 °C for 8 min at a pressure of 4.0 MPa. The quality of the particleboard was evaluated by water absorption and thickness swelling, internal bonding, static bending, and screw withdrawal tests. The substitution of Pinus particles by Hevea wood resulted in decreased water absorption and thickness swelling. The boards produced with a higher proportion of Hevea had better dimensional stability due to the greater porosity of the Pinus oocarpa particles. The inclusion of Hevea brasiliensis wood resulted in a 75% increase in the modulus of rupture and a 300% increase in internal bonding compared with the particleboards produced only with Pinus oocarpa wood. The results show that Hevea brasiliensis wood could be used to obtain higher value-added products and contribute to the diversification of the raw materials used in the particleboard industries of Brazil.