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Algorithm for estimating the construction year of Brazilian bridges between 1950 and 1980
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Souza, Christian Alexandre Feitosa de

; Carvalho, Jose Maria Franco de

; Ribeiro, Marcos Henrique Fonseca

; Martins, Ana Carolina Pereira

; Bellon, Fernando Gussão

; Andrade, Matheus Sant’anna

; Oliveira, Diogo Silva de

; Ribeiro, José Carlos Lopes

; Cesar Jr., Kleos Magalhães Lens

; Matos, José Antonio Silva Carvalho Campos

REM - International Engineering Journal

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2025, Volume 78 N. 2 elocation e240062

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The year of construction is an essential factor in assessing the condition of bridges, as it directly influences the prediction of their deterioration and the analysis of their load-bearing capacity over time. In addition, this data is fundamental for algorithms that deal with missing information, such as that related to design standards. This study proposes and validates an algorithm to estimate the year of construction of Brazilian bridges based on three main characteristics: design vehicle, barrier type and width. The aim of the algorithm is to fill this information gap and provide managers with information to manage these infrastructures. An analysis of 5,000 bridges in the Bridge Management System revealed that 41.7% of them had no record of the year of construction. During validation, the algorithm showed robust performance, achieving a hit rate of 87.82 percent and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 5.20 years. After adjustments, the MAE was reduced to 4.45 years, with accuracy rates of 99.46% (±10 years) and 79.62% (±5 years). In practice, the algorithm successfully estimated the year of construction in 81.87% of cases, with the majority of bridges built in the 1970s (64.16%). These results provide a solid basis for more accurate deterioration predictions and more reliable load capacity assessments, contributing to more efficient and safer bridge management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672024780062

Crise da democracia brasileira e arranjos jurídico-institucionais
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Gaspardo, Murilo

; Bucci, Maria Paula Dallari

; Teixeira, Vanessa Corsetti Gonçalves

; Stuchi, Carolina Gabas

; Neto, José Duarte

; Beçak, Rubens

; Carvalho, Daniel Campos de

Estudos Avançados

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2025, Volume 39 N. 113 elocation e39113051

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Nos últimos anos, a ideia de que os regimes políticos liberal-democráticos “maduros” encontram-se em crise pela emergência de líderes, ideias e movimentos autoritários, populistas e nacionalistas tem ocupado uma posição central nos debates políticos, jornalísticos e acadêmicos. Neste artigo, discutiremos a dimensão jurídico-institucional da crise contemporânea da democracia brasileira e suas especificidades em face do contexto global. Para tanto, analisamos o próprio conceito de crise da democracia liberal-representativa e sua aplicação ao contexto político brasileiro e global contemporâneo e, em seguida, exploramos as diferentes dimensões explicativas para a crise em suas correlações com os arranjos jurídico-institucionais.

ABSTRACT In recent years, the idea that “mature” liberal-democratic political regimes are in crisis due to the emergence of authoritarian, populist and nationalist leaders, ideas and movements has occupied a central position in political, journalistic and academic debates. In this article, we will discuss the legal-institutional dimension of the contemporary crisis of Brazilian democracy and its specificities in the face of the global context. In order to do so, we analyze the very concept of crisis of liberal-representative democracy and its application to the contemporary Brazilian and global political context, and then we explore the different explanatory dimensions for the crisis in its correlations with the legal-institutional arrangements.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-4014.202539113.004

Análise do desempenho dos serviços de saúde em um grupo de municípios vulneráveis
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Carvalho, Carolina de Campos

; Viacava, Francisco

; Oliveira, Ricardo Antunes Dantas de

; Martins, Mônica

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2024, Volume 29 N. 7 elocation e03202024

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Estudo descritivo que analisou o desempenho dos serviços de saúde de um grupo de 112 municípios denominado g100 caracterizado por mais de 80 mil habitantes, baixa receita pública e vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Do Projeto de Avaliação de Desempenho do Sistema de Saúde, foram selecionados 31 indicadores de financiamento, recursos, acesso, efetividade, aceitabilidade e adequação, para o período 2017-2020, e comparadas variações de cada ano em relação ao anterior. Em 2020, houve aumento no aporte financeiro, especialmente por transferências SUS (31,6%). A disponibilidade de leitos vinha decaindo entre 2017 e 2019, aumentou em 2020 e a oferta de profissionais de saúde apresentou leve aumento. Houve redução nos exames de rastreamento de câncer de colo do útero e mama de quase 40% (2020), e reduções de internações cirúrgicas, como cataratas e angioplastias. O percentual de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária foi 15,8% em 2020, 14,1% menor do que em 2019. Houve aumento de 55,8% na mortalidade por diabetes e maior abandono do tratamento de tuberculose. O contexto pandêmico exige cautela na interpretação de resultados, que apontam para barreiras de acesso e postergação na prestação de cuidados.

Abstract This work was a descriptive study that analyzed the performance of health services in 112 municipalities (g100) characterized by more than 80,000 inhabitants, low public revenue, and socioeconomic vulnerability. Based on the Projeto de Avaliação de Desempenho do Sistema de Saúde, 31 indicators of funding, resources, access, effectiveness, acceptability, and appropriateness were selected for the period of 2017-2020, and were compared to the variations of each year’s indicators year on year. In 2020, an increase in funding, especially SUS transfers (31.6%), was observed. The availability of hospital beds had been decreasing between 2017 and 2019, but began to increase again in 2020; likewise, the availability of health professionals also showed a slight increase. A decline was observed in cervical and breast cancer screening exams of nearly 40% (2020), as well as a decrease in surgical procedures, such as cataracts and angioplasties. The hospitalizations due to conditions manageable by primary care were 15.8% in 2020, 14.1% lower than in 2019. A 55.8% increase in mortality due to diabetes and greater tuberculosis treatment non-adherence was also observed. The pandemic context calls for caution when interpreting results, which highlight access barriers and postponements of proper health care.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024297.03202024

Safety of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Brazilian multicentric study safer
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Cruz, Vitor Alves

; Guimarães, Camila Rêgo, Jozelia Machado, Ketty Lysie Libardi Lira Miyamoto, Samira Tatiyama Burian, Ana Paula Neves Dias, Laiza Hombre Pretti, Flavia Zon Batista, Danielle Cristina Filgueira Alves Mill, José Geraldo Oliveira, Yasmin Gurtler Pinheiro de Gadelha, Carolina Strauss Estevez Gouveia, Maria da Penha Gomes Moulin, Anna Carolina Simões Souza, Bárbara Oliveira Aguiar, Laura Gonçalves Rodrigues Vieira, Gabriel Smith Sobral Grillo, Luiza Lorenzoni Lima, Marina Deorce de Pasti, Laís Pizzol Surlo, Heitor Filipe Faé, Filipe Moulaz, Isac Ribeiro Macabú, Mariana de Oliveira Ribeiro, Priscila Dias Cardoso Magalhães, Vanessa de Oliveira Aguiar, Mariana Freitas de Biegelmeyer, Erika Peixoto;, Flávia Maria Matos Melo Campos Kayser, Cristiane Souza, Alexandre Wagner Silva de Castro, Charlles Heldan de Moura Ribeiro, Sandra Lúcia Euzébio Telles, Camila Maria Paiva França Bühring, Juliana Lima, Raquel Lima de Santos, Sérgio Henrique Oliveira Dos Dias, Samuel Elias Basualto Melo, Natália Seixas de Sanches, Rosely Holanda da Silva Boechat, Antonio Luiz Sartori, Natália Sarzi Hax, Vanessa Dória, Lucas Denardi Rezende, Rodrigo Poubel Vieira de Baptista, Katia Lino Fortes, Natália Rodrigues Querido Melo, Ana Karla Guedes de Melo, Tâmara Santos Vieira, Rejane Maria Rodrigues de Abreu Vieira, Adah Sophia Rodrigues Kakehasi, Adriana Maria Tavares, Anna Carolina Faria Moreira Gomes Landa, Aline Teixeira de Costa, Pollyana Vitoria Thomaz da Azevedo, Valderilio Feijó Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis Peruhype-Magalhães, Vanessa Pinheiro, Marcelo de Medeiros Monticielo, Odirlei André Reis-neto, Edgard Torres Dos Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida Souza, Viviane Angelina de Teixeira-Carvalho, Andréa Xavier, Ricardo Machado Sato, Emilia Inoue Valim, Valeria Pileggi, Gecilmara Salviato Silva, Nilzio Antonio da

Advances in Rheumatology

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2024, Volume 64 elocation 58

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background Patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs) have been prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination to mitigate the infection severity risks. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at a high risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes, especially those under immunosuppression or with associated comorbidities. However, few studies have assessed the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine in patients with RA. Objective To evaluate the safety of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with RA. Methods This data are from the study “Safety and Efficacy on COVID-19 Vaccine in Rheumatic Diseases,” a Brazilian multicentric prospective phase IV study to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine in IMRDs in Brazil. Adverse events (AEs) in patients with RA of all centers were assessed after two doses of ChAdOx1 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) or CoronaVac (Sinovac/Butantan). Stratification of postvaccination AEs was performed using a diary, filled out daily and returned at the end of 28 days for each dose. Results A total of 188 patients with RA were include, 90% female. CoronaVac was used in 109 patients and ChAdOx1 in 79. Only mild AEs were observed, mainly after the first dose. The most common AEs after the first dose were pain at the injection (46,7%), headache (39,4%), arthralgia (39,4%), myalgia (30,5%) and fatigue (26,6%), and ChAdOx1 had a higher frequency of pain at the injection (66% vs 32 %, p < 0.001) arthralgia (62% vs 22%, p < 0.001) and myalgia (45% vs 20%, p < 0.001) compared to CoronaVac. The more common AEs after the second dose were pain at the injection (37%), arthralgia (31%), myalgia (23%), headache (21%) and fatigue (18%). Arthralgia (41,4% vs 25%, p = 0.02) and pain at injection (51,4% vs 27%, p = 0.001) were more common with ChAdOx1. No serious AEs were related. With Regard to RA activity level, no significant difference was observed between the three time periods for both COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion In the comparison between the two immunizers in patients with RA, local reactions and musculoskeletal symptoms were more frequent with ChAdOx1 than with CoronaVac, especially after the first dose. In summary, the AE occurred mainly after the first dose, and were mild, like previous data from others immunizing agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Vaccination did not worsen the degree of disease activity.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-024-00397-5

Leishmania (Sauroleishmania) tarentolae versus pathogenic species: comparative evaluation of protease activity, glycoconjugates, resistance to complement and metabolome composition
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Andrade, Filipe Fideles Duarte

; Vitório, Jéssica Gardone

; Canuto, Gisele André Baptista Nunes, Fernanda Freire Campos Rodrigues, Isabela Aurora Almeida, Ana Paula Martins Morais Nascimento, Frederico Crepaldi Costa, Adriana Oliveira Vieira, Tamara da Silva Silva, Ana Carolina Carvalho André, Leiliane Coelho Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira Junqueira, Caroline Toledo, Juliano Simões de Fernandes, Ana Paula Soares, Rodrigo Pedro

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2024, Volume 119 elocation e230243

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Leishmania tarentolae is a non-pathogenic species found in lizards representing an important model for Leishmania biology. However, several aspects of this Sauroleishmania remain unknown to explain its low level of virulence. OBJECTIVES We reported several aspects of L. tarentolae biology including glycoconjugates, proteolytic activities and metabolome composition in comparison to pathogenic species (Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major). METHODS Parasites were cultured for extraction and purification of lipophosphoglycan (LPG), immunofluorescence probing with anti-gp63 and resistance against complement. Parasite extracts were also tested for proteases activity and metabolome composition. FINDINGS Leishmania tarentolae does not express LPG on its surface. It expresses gp63 at lower levels compared to pathogenic species and, is highly sensitive to complement-mediated lysis. This species also lacks intracellular/extracellular activities of proteolytic enzymes. It has metabolic differences with pathogenic species, exhibiting a lower abundance of metabolites including ABC transporters, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and steroids, TCA cycle, glycine/serine/threonine metabolism, glyoxylate/dicarboxylate metabolism and pentose-phosphate pathways. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The non-pathogenic phenotype of L. tarentolae is associated with alterations in several biochemical and molecular features. This reinforces the need of comparative studies between pathogenic and non-pathogenic species to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of virulence during host-parasite interactions.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760230243

Análise do desempenho dos serviços de saúde em um grupo de municípios vulneráveis
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Carvalho, Carolina de Campos

; Viacava, Francisco

; Oliveira, Ricardo Antunes Dantas de

; Martins, Mônica

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2024, Volume 29 N. 7 elocation e03202024

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232024297.03202024

The new era of artificial intelligence in neuroradiology: current research and promising tools
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Macruz, Fabíola Bezerra de Carvalho

; Dias, Ana Luiza Mandetta Pettengil

; Andrade, Celi Santos

; Nucci, Mariana Penteado

; Rimkus, Carolina de Medeiros

; Lucato, Leandro Tavares

; Rocha, Antônio José da

; Kitamura, Felipe Campos

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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2024, Volume 82 N. 6 elocation s00441779486

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Radiology has a number of characteristics that make it an especially suitable medical discipline for early artificial intelligence (AI) adoption. These include having a well-established digital workflow, standardized protocols for image storage, and numerous well-defined interpretive activities. The more than 200 commercial radiologic AI-based products recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to assist radiologists in a number of narrow image-analysis tasks such as image enhancement, workflow triage, and quantification, corroborate this observation. However, in order to leverage AI to boost efficacy and efficiency, and to overcome substantial obstacles to widespread successful clinical use of these products, radiologists should become familiarized with the emerging applications in their particular areas of expertise. In light of this, in this article we survey the existing literature on the application of AI-based techniques in neuroradiology, focusing on conditions such as vascular diseases, epilepsy, and demyelinating and neurodegenerative conditions. We also introduce some of the algorithms behind the applications, briefly discuss a few of the challenges of generalization in the use of AI models in neuroradiology, and skate over the most relevant commercially available solutions adopted in clinical practice. If well designed, AI algorithms have the potential to radically improve radiology, strengthening image analysis, enhancing the value of quantitative imaging techniques, and mitigating diagnostic errors.

Resumo A radiologia tem uma série de características que a torna uma disciplina médica especialmente adequada à adoção precoce da inteligência artificial (IA), incluindo um fluxo de trabalho digital bem estabelecido, protocolos padronizados para armazenamento de imagens e inúmeras atividades interpretativas bem definidas. Tal adequação é corroborada pelos mais de 200 produtos radiológicos comerciais baseados em IA recentemente aprovados pelo Food and Drug Administration (FDA) para auxiliar os radiologistas em uma série de tarefas restritas de análise de imagens, como quantificação, triagem de fluxo de trabalho e aprimoramento da qualidade das imagens. Entretanto, para o aumento da eficácia e eficiência da IA, além de uma utilização clínica bem-sucedida dos produtos que utilizam essa tecnologia, os radiologistas devem estar atualizados com as aplicações em suas áreas específicas de atuação. Assim, neste artigo, pesquisamos na literatura existente aplicações baseadas em IA em neurorradiologia, mais especificamente em condições como doenças vasculares, epilepsia, condições desmielinizantes e neurodegenerativas. Também abordamos os principais algoritmos por trás de tais aplicações, discutimos alguns dos desafios na generalização no uso desses modelos e introduzimos as soluções comercialmente disponíveis mais relevantes adotadas na prática clínica. Se cautelosamente desenvolvidos, os algoritmos de IA têm o potencial de melhorar radicalmente a radiologia, aperfeiçoando a análise de imagens, aumentando o valor das técnicas de imagem quantitativas e mitigando erros de diagnóstico.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1779486

Impact of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on experimental masseter pain in rats
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COSTA, Yuri Martins

; HERCULIANI, Clarissa Carolina Fernandes

; SOARES, Flávia Fonseca Carvalho

; AZEVEDO, Michelle de Campos Soriani

; CONTI, Paulo César Rodrigues

; DIONÍSIO, Thiago José

; OLIVEIRA, Gabriela de Moraes

; FARIA, Flávio Augusto Cardoso de

; SANTOS, Carlos Ferreira

; GARLET, Gustavo Pompermaier

; BONJARDIM, Leonardo Rigoldi

Brazilian Oral Research

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2024, Volume 38 elocation e073

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aimed to assess the influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes on the nociceptive behavior evoked by the injection of hypertonic saline (HS) into the masseter muscle of rats. Forty male rats were equally divided into four groups: a) isotonic saline control, which received 0.9% isotonic saline (IS), (Ctrl-IS); b) hypertonic saline control, which received 5% HS (Ctrl-HS); c) STZ-induced diabetic, which received IS, (STZ-IS); d) STZ-induced diabetic, which received HS (STZ-HS). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at dose of 60 mg/kg dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, and 100 μL of HS or IS were injected into the left masseter to measure the nociceptive behavior. Later on, muscle RNA was extracted to measure the relative expression of the following cytokines: cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukins (IL)-1β, -2, -6, and -10. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the data (p < 0.050). We observed a main effect of group on the nociceptive response (ANOVA: F = 11.60, p < 0.001), where the Ctrl-HS group presented the highest response (p < 0.001). However, nociceptive response was similar among the Ctrl-IS, STZ-IS, and STZ-HS group (p > 0.050). In addition, the highest relative gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 was found in the masseter of control rats following experimental muscle pain (p < 0.050). In conclusion, the loss of somatosensory function can be observed in deep orofacial tissues of STZ-induced diabetic rats.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0073

Antimicrobial effect of phytosphingosine in acrylic resin
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Pejon, Luiza Sanchez

; Oliveira, Viviane de Cássia

; Amorim, Ayodele Alves

; Raffaini, Júlia Correa

; Arruda, Carolina Noronha Ferraz de

; Pires-de-Souza, Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri

Brazilian Dental Journal

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aug 2023, Volume 34 N. 4 Pages 107 - 114

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract This study evaluated color stability (CS), anti-adherence effect (AAE), and cell viability of microorganisms on acrylic resin (AR) surface, treated associated or not with sodium percarbonate (SP). AR specimens were prepared, and color analysis was performed before and after the treatments and the CS was calculated. For analysis of AAE, the samples were sterilized by radiation in a microwave oven. Then samples were randomly distributed: phosphate-buffered saline (PBS - control), 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (SH), phytosphingosine (PHS), and phytosphingosine + SP (PHS+Na2CO3). The specimens remained in contact with solutions for 30 minutes and were later contaminated by Candida albicans. Aliquots were seeded in Petri dishes with Sabouraud Dextrose agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. After the incubation, the number of colonies was counted. The cell viability of adhered microorganisms on the AR was evaluated and 20 fields were observed under an epifluorescence microscope, and the percentage of adhered viable cells was calculated. Data were compared (One-way ANOVA, Tukey, p<.05). As for CS, PHS+ Na2CO3 (0.4±0.1) resulted in less change than PBS (0.9±0.2), similar to the other groups (SH [1.0±0.3)]; PHS [0.9±0.2)]). There was no difference for all tested solutions regarding the ability to avoid microorganism adherence (p>0.05), but PHS (11.2±4.1) resulted in a smaller area of adhered viable cells, statistically different from SH (18.2±7.6) and PBS (26.4±10.8). It was concluded that PHS resulted in lower adhered viable cells and when associated with Na2CO3, also shows a lower effect on the CS of AR.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou estabilidade de cor (EC), efeito antiaderente (EAA) e viabilidade celular de microrganismos em superfície de resina acrílica (RA), tratada com solução de fitoesfingosina, associada ou não ao percarbonato de sódio (PS). Espécimes RA foram preparados e análise de cor foi realizada antes e após os tratamentos e EC foi calculada. Para análise de EAA, as amostras foram esterilizadas por radiação em forno de micro-ondas. Então foram distribuídas aleatoriamente: solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS - controle), hipoclorito de sódio 0,5% (SH), fitoesfingosina (PHS) e fitoesfingosina + SP (PHS+Na2CO3). Os espécimes permaneceram em contato com as soluções por 30 minutos e posteriormente foram contaminados por Candida albicans. Alíquotas foram semeadas em placas de Petri com ágar Sabouraud Dextrose e incubadas a 37°C por 24 horas. Após a incubação, o número de colônias foi contado. A viabilidade celular dos microorganismos aderidos na RA foi avaliada e 20 campos foram observados em microscópio de epifluorescência, e a porcentagem de células viáveis aderidas foi calculada. Os dados foram comparados (One-way ANOVA, Tukey, p<0,05). Quanto a EC, o PHS+ Na2CO3 [0,4 (0,1)] resultou em menor alteração que o PBS [0,9 (0,2)], semelhante aos demais grupos (SH [1,0 (0,3)]; PHS [0,9 (0,2)]). Não houve diferença para todas as soluções testadas quanto à capacidade de evitar a aderência de microorganismos (p>0,05), mas o PHS [11,2 (4,1)] resultou em uma área menor de células viáveis aderidas, estatisticamente diferente do SH [18,2 (7,6)] e PBS [26,4 (10,8)]. Concluiu-se que o PHS resultou em menor número de células viáveis aderidas e, quando associado ao Na2CO3, também apresenta menor efeito sobre o EC da RA.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202305357

10.

Análise comparativa de classificações de vulnerabilidade para municípios g100
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Carvalho, Carolina de Campos

; Martins, Mônica

; Viacava, Francisco

; Oliveira, Ricardo Antunes Dantas de

Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População

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2023, Volume 40 elocation e0246

Abstract: En Pt Es | Text: En Pt Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt | PDF: Es

Abstract In 2009, the Frente Nacional de Prefeitos (FNP) named a group of municipalities with more than 80,000 inhabitants, low levels of public revenue per capita and high socioeconomic vulnerability g100. This study sought to describe the g100 from the comparative position according to three measures of socioeconomic vulnerability applied to municipalities with more than 80,000 inhabitants, and to discuss the pertinence of using the FNP proposal as a suggestion for prioritization in social policies. Comparing the list of the first 100 g100 municipalities with the indices: Municipal Human Development Index (HDIM), Social Vulnerability Index (IVS) and Brazilian Deprivation Index (IBP), we identified 25 municipalities classified as g100 that were not classified among the top 100 in the other indices; but 46 g100 counties were among the most considered in all three measures. The need for broad debate and consensus on measures of socioeconomic vulnerability used in the planning and execution of public policies is discussed. This reflection is based on the belief that public actions and policies are intrinsically implemented to guarantee greater geographic and allocative equity in order to respond to the demands of the population.

Resumo Em 2009, a Frente Nacional de Prefeitos (FNP) denominou g100 um grupo de municípios caracterizados por possuir mais de 80 mil habitantes, baixos níveis de receita pública per capita e alta vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Este estudo buscou descrever o g100 a partir da posição comparativa segundo três medidas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica aplicadas aos municípios com mais de 80 mil habitantes, discutindo a pertinência do uso da proposta da FNP como critério de priorização em políticas sociais. Comparou-se a listagem dos 100 primeiros municípios g100 com aquelas do Índice do Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) e Índice Brasileiro de Privação (IBP). Identificou-se que 25 municípios classificados como g100 não estavam entre os 100 primeiros nos demais índices; mas 46 municípios g100 encontravam-se entre os mais vulneráveis nas três medidas. Discute-se a necessidade de amplo debate e consenso sobre as medidas de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica empregadas no planejamento e execução de políticas públicas. Esta reflexão está ancorada na defesa de que as ações e políticas públicas sejam intrinsicamente planejadas para garantia de maior equidade geográfica e alocativa em face da efetividade de resposta às demandas da população.

Resumen En 2009, el Frente Nacional de Alcaldes (FNP) nombró como g100 a un grupo de municipios caracterizados por tener más de ochenta mil habitantes, bajos niveles de ingreso público per cápita y alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica. Este estudio buscó describir el g100 a partir de la posición comparativa según tres medidas de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica aplicadas a municipios con más de ochenta mil, y a partir de ahí discutir la pertinencia de utilizar la propuesta del FNP como sugerencia de priorización en las políticas sociales. Para ello se comparó la lista de los primeros cien municipios del g100 con los índices de desarrollo humano municipal (HDIM), de vulnerabilidad social (IVS) y brasileño de privación (IBP). Se identificó que 25 municipios clasificados como g100 no estaban clasificados entre los 100 primeros en los demás índices, aunque 46 estuvieron entre los más considerados en las tres medidas. Se discute la necesidad de un amplio debate y consenso sobre las medidas de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica utilizadas en la planificación y ejecución de políticas públicas. Esta reflexión se ancla en la defensa de que las acciones y políticas públicas se inician intrínsecamente para garantizar una mayor equidad geográfica y distributiva frente a la obediencia para responder a las demandas de la población.

https://doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0246

11.

Pandemia da Covid-19: variação no uso de internações hospitalares nos municípios g100
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Carvalho, Carolina de Campos

; Martins, Mônica

; Viacava, Francisco

; Peixoto, Caio de Paula

; Romão, Anselmo Rocha

; Oliveira, Ricardo Antunes Dantas de

Saúde em Debate

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2022, Volume 46 N. spe8 Pages 89 - 105

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Este estudo objetivou analisar comparativamente o volume e os fluxos para internações hospitalares antes e durante o primeiro ano da pandemia da Covid-19 nos 112 municípios g100. Esses municípios caracterizam-se por ter mais de 80 mil habitantes, baixa renda e alta vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes ao período 2017-2020. Selecionaram-se as internações de adultos (idade ≥ 18 anos), que foram classificadas segundo tipo de admissão ou especialidade do tratamento nas seguintes categorias: eletivas ou urgência/ emergência; tratamento clínico, cirúrgico, obstétrico e oncológico. As internações eletivas apresentaram maior redução no volume em 2020 em relação ao ano anterior devido às medidas adotadas para minimizar os riscos de contágio e priorização do cuidado aos pacientes grave por Covid-19. Não foram observadas alterações significativas em relação ao local de realização das internações de residentes de municípios g100. Contudo, no g100, observou-se diferenciação entre localidades nas quais a regionalização em saúde funciona de forma mais adequada, e em outras onde há escassez de recursos ou necessidade de planejamento e gestão mais efetivos.

ABSTRACT This study aims to comparatively analyze the volume and flows for hospital admissions before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in 112 g100 municipalities, which are characterized by having more than 80,000 inhabitants, low income, and high socioeconomic vulnerability. Data from the SUS Hospital Information System regarding hospitalizations of adults (age ≥ 18 years) in the period 2017-2020. Hospitalizations were classified according to type of admission or specialty of treatment in the following categories: elective, urgency/emergency, clinical, surgical, obstetric, and oncological treatment. Elective hospitalizations showed a greater reduction in volume in 2020 compared to the previous year, probably due to the measures adopted to minimize the risks of contagion and prioritization of care to severe patients by COVID-19. Considering the place of hospitalization, no significant changes were observed in relation to the referral of residents of g100 municipalities to other municipalities. However, there was differentiation between localities in which regionalization in health works in a more appropriate way, and others where there is a scarcity of resources or need for more effective planning and management.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e807

12.

Gonadal Differentiation During Embryonic and Fetal Development of Male New Zealand Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
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Miranda, Carla Maria Figueiredo de Carvalho Leonel, Luciano César Pereira Campos Koga, Bruna Andrade Aguiar Anunciação, Adriana Raquel de Almeida da Mario, Lara Carolina Favaron, Phelipe Oliveira Martins, Daniele dos Santos Vásquez, Bélgica Conei, Daniel Miglino, Maria Angélica del Sol, Mariano

International Journal of Morphology

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oct 2021, Volume 39 N. 5 Pages 1253 - 1263

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: The rabbit is considered an ideal animal model for studies that describe abnormalities in the testicles due to the similar morphogenetic mechanisms of sexual development and diseases commonly found in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the male sexual differentiation of the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) through development. The gestational age was estimated and classified as 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 and 28 gestational days. The morphological and sexual determination were performed by histological analysis of the reproductive tract in the embryos and fetuses (9-28 days) as well as by immunohistochemistry- Desert hedgehog-Dhh- (testis-specific protein on Y chromosome- 16, 20, 23 days and adult rabbits). Gonads were observed from the 14th day in an undifferentiated stage and with homogeneous aspect. Sexual differentiation was observed from the 16th day with presence of cells forming gonadal cords and Dhh+ cells in the gonadal parenchyma. From the 18th gestational day testicular cords were observed, which evolved into organized seminiferous tubules. The formation of the efferent ducts and ductus deferens and epididymis was observed on the 20th and 23rd days, respectively. The differentiation of the external genitalia occurred from the 23rd days from the anogenital distance and was identified to identify the penile structures. In summary, the features of the sexual differentiation were determined by observation of the Dhh+ protein in embryos from the 16th day to adulthood, and the morphological particularities observed from the 18th gestational day, determined by differentiation of the external genitalia from the 23rd day.

RESUMEN: El conejo se considera un modelo animal ideal para estudios que describen anomalías a nivel testícular debido a que presenta mecanismos morfogenéticos similares al desa- rrollo sexual y enfermedades que se encuentran comúnmente en los seres humanos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diferenciación sexual masculina del conejo de Nueva Zelanda (Oryctolagus cuniculus) a través del desarrollo. La edad gestacional se estimó y clasificó en 9, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 23 y 28 días gestacionales. La determinación morfológica y sexual se realizó mediante análisis histológico del tracto reproductivo en los embriones y fetos (9 - 28 días) así como mediante inmunohistoquímica -Desert hedgehog-Dhh- (proteína testicular específica en el cromosoma Y- 16, 20, 23 días y conejos adultos). Las gónadas se observaron a partir del día 14 en un estadio indiferenciado y con aspecto homogéneo. Se observó diferenciación sexual a partir del día 16 con presencia de células formadoras de cordones gonadales y células Dhh+ en el parénquima gonadal. A partir del día 18 de gestación se observaron cordones testiculares, que evolucionaron a túbulos seminíferos organizados. La formación de los conductos eferentes, deferentes y del epidídimo se observó a los 20 y 23 días, respectivamente. La diferenciación de los genitales externos ocurrió a partir del día 23 desde la distancia anogenital y se utilizó para identificar las estructuras del pene. En conclusión, las características de la diferenciación sexual se determinaron mediante la observación de la proteína Dhh en embriones desde el día 16 hasta la edad adulta, y las particularidades morfológicas observadas a partir del día 18 de gestación, determinadas por diferenciación de los genitales externos a partir del día 23.

13.

Volumetric Computed Tomography Reconstruction, Rapid Prototyping and 3D Printing of Opossum Head ( Didelphis albiventris )
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Massari, Catia Helena de Almeida Lima Pinto, Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca de-Carvalho, Yuri Karaccas Silva, Adriano Ferreira Miglino, Maria Angélica

International Journal of Morphology

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sep 2019, Volume 37 N. 3 Pages 838 - 844

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: Natural anatomical pieces of wild animals are rare and teachers seek alternatives in satisfactory quantity and quality to inform their students. This article aims to describe the use of multiplanar reconstructions and 3D volume rendering computed tomography (CT) images, rapid prototyping and 3D printing of opossum head to create a biomodel to veterinary education in descriptive anatomy of wild animals. A six-step method study was conducted to construct the biomodel: (1) selection of opossum head from museum; (2) CT scanning of bones structures in veterinary hospital; (3) DICOM visualization medical images in multiplanar reconstructions and 3D volume rendering; (4) .dicom file conversion to .stl; (5) 3D printing of opossum head by rapid prototyping; (6) comparison of 3D model printed with the original anatomical piece. The use of CT images with their different forms of reconstruction can provide a more comprehensive 3D view of opossum craniofacial region and allow a better understanding of head anatomy of this species. The 3D printed biomodel can be a viable alternative to original bone specimens when used in anatomy education. However, further studies must be continued to validate the method in Veterinary Medicine courses.

RESUMEN: Las piezas anatómicas naturales de animales salvajes son raras y los profesores buscan alternativas satisfactorias, en cantidad y calidad, para enseñar a sus alumnos. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo describir el uso de la reconstrucción volumétrica por tomografía computarizada, la creación rápida de prototipos y la impresión 3D de la cabeza de zarigüeya para obtener un biomodelo en anatomía descriptiva de animales salvajes para educación veterinaria. Se realizó un estudio en seis pasos para construir el biomodelo: (1) selección de cabeza de zarigüeya del museo; (2) tomografía computarizada de estructuras óseas en hospital veterinario; (3) visualización de las imágenes médicas en DICOM por reconstrucciones multiplanares y renderización de volumen 3D; (4) conversión de archivos .dicom a .stl; (5) impresión 3D de cabeza de zarigüeya mediante prototipado rápido; (6) comparación del modelo 3D impreso con la pieza anatómica original. El uso de imágenes de tomografía computarizada, con sus diferentes formas de reconstrucción, puede proporcionar una vista 3D más completa de la región craneofacial de zarigüeya y permitir una mejor comprensión de la anatomía de la cabeza de esta especie. El biomodelo 3D impreso puede ser una alternativa viable a las muestras óseas originales cuando se utiliza en la educación de la anatomía. Sin embargo, se deben continuar los estudios para validar el método en los cursos de Medicina Veterinaria.

14.

Why to Study Opossums?
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Massari, Catia Helena de Almeida Lima Pinto, Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca de-Carvalho, Yuri Karaccas Silva, Adriano Ferreira Miglino, Maria Angélica

International Journal of Morphology

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sep 2019, Volume 37 N. 3 Pages 1130 - 1131

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

SUMMARY: Due to the very important role in Brazilian ecosystems, studying the anatomy of opossums is extremely relevant for their natural preservation and possible clinical and surgical interventions with captive animals. These marsupials occupy diversified niches being well distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. They collaborate in the control of urban and agricultural pests such as rodents and insects. They are also excellent dispersers of seeds through their feces. The conclusion is that opossums can be a great model for the study of the anatomy of wild animals.

RESUMEN: Las zarigüeyas desempeñan un papel muy relevante en los ecosistemas brasileños, siendo extremadamente importante estudiar su anatomía para su preservación natural y posibles intervenciones clínicas y quirúrgicas de los animales en cautiverio. Estos marsupiales ocupan nichos diversificados y están bien distribuidos en todo el territorio brasileño. Colaboran en el control de plagas urbanas y agrícolas, como roedores e insectos. También son excelentes dispersores de semillas a través de sus heces. Por lo tanto, se concluye que las zarigüeyas pueden ser un gran modelo para estudiar la anatomía de los animales salvajes.

15.

Desigualdades regionais e sociais em saúde segundo inquéritos domiciliares (Brasil, 1998-2013)
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Viacava, Francisco

; Porto, Silvia Marta

; Carvalho, Carolina de Campos

; Bellido, Jaime Gregório

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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jul 2019, Volume 24 N. 7 Pages 2745 - 2760

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este artigo busca discutir a evolução das desigualdades em saúde e no acesso aos serviços de saúde nas grandes regiões a partir de inquéritos domiciliares realizados de 1998 a 2013. As desigualdades sociais foram analisadas pelas razões de extremos de anos de escolaridade, considerando duas faixas etárias (18 a 59 anos e 60 anos ou mais). Nas condições de saúde, observa-se, nos dois grupos etários, uma pior avaliação do estado de saúde e um aumento da prevalência de diabetes e hipertensão, o que pode estar relacionado à expansão da atenção básica. Quanto à realização de consultas médicas no último ano, encontra-se, no geral, maior acesso, com manutenção de pequenas desigualdades. A maior utilização de consulta odontológica entre os de menor escolaridade provoca uma redução nas desigualdades, que ainda são significativas. As internações hospitalares, ao longo da série, são maiores entre os menos escolarizados, e há uma redução nas taxas nos dois grupos etários, em quase todas as regiões. Percebe-se um aumento na realização de mamografia por mulheres menos escolarizadas, com diminuição da desigualdade. Os resultados corroboram a necessidade da continuidade dos inquéritos domiciliares para o monitoramento das desigualdades regionais e sociais no acesso ao sistema de saúde.

Abstract This article discusses trends in health inequalities and access to health services across the regions of Brazil using data from household surveys conducted between 1998 and 2013. Social inequality was measured based on the ratio between the extremes of years of schooling considering two age groups (18 to 59 years and 60 years and over). The findings show a decline in health status and increase in prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in both age groups, which may be related to the expansion of primary healthcare. The findings regarding the percentage of people who had had a medical appointment in the last 12 months show that low levels of inequalities persist despite a general improvement in access. Despite an increase in the percentage of people with up to 3 years of schooling who had had a dental appointment in the last year, significant inequalities persist. The percentage of people who reported being admitted to hospital in the last 12 months was greater among people with up to 3 years of schooling throughout the study period. The hospitalization rate decreased in both age groups across almost all regions. The proportion of women aged between 50 and 69 years with up to 3 years of schooling who had had a mammogram increased, leading to a decrease in inequality. The findings show the need to ensure the continuity of household surveys to monitor inequalities in access to health care services by region and social group.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018247.15812017

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