Abstract Objectives: This study aims to investigate the pattern of immunoexpression of proteins p16, p53 and Ki-67 in RRP, as well as to evaluate its influence on the number of surgeries that patients have undergone to date and to analyze the benefit of immunohistochemistry in this disease. Methods: Clinical-demographic data and tumor samples were obtained from 33 patients with RRP. The expression of proteins p16, p53 and Ki-67 was analyzed by immunohistochemical method. Results: Most patients had already undergone more than one surgery. The p16 marker was negative in 24.2% of the cases, with little positivity in 27.3% of the cases, moderate in 36.4% and intense in 12.1%. The p53 marker was positive in all cases, with little immunoexpression in 39.4% of cases, moderate in 36.4% and intense in 24.2%. The Ki-67 marker showed nuclear positivity in all lesions, although in varying degrees, with a mean proliferative index ±SD (standard deviation) of 51.7±26. Conclusions: The papillomatous lesions had varying degrees of immunoexpression of proteins p16, p53 and Ki-67, but no specific immunohistochemical pattern was observed. It was found, with statistical difference, that the number of surgeries was higher in cases with greater intensity of p53 expression, without correlation with the other markers. The benefit of immunohistochemistry in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis may lie in the prognostic assessment. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the use of this technique for this purpose. Level of evidence:: 4.

Abstract Introduction The study of larynx lesions is of great importance. More than 50% of people with vocal complaints have benign vocal fold alterations and some require surgery. Objective To determine which factors are related to surgical recurrence of benign laryngeal lesions and to determine which videolaryngoscopic diagnoses are related to the risk or protection of surgical relapses over time. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of 1,383 surgeries in 1,301 patients. Results The mean age at the first surgery was 39.2 years old. The predominant gender was female (65.6%). There were 396 cases of polyps (25.34%), 349 cases of cysts (22.33%), 261 cases of Reinke edema (16.7%), 175 cases of nodules (11.2%), 153 cases of minor structural alterations (MSAs) (9.79%), 94 cases of leukoplakia (6.01%), 77 cases of granulomas (4.93%) and 58 cases of pseudocysts (3.71%). The age presented statistical significance with the risk of surgical relapses (p = 0.016). Male gender was associated with the greatest chance of relapse. Diagnosis of granuloma (p < 0.001) and of leukoplakia (p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of surgical recurrence. Cyst diagnosis was associated with protection (p = 0.015) in relation to the chance of further surgeries. Patients with associated lesions, bilaterals or voice professionals did not present a statistically significant association with surgical recurrence. Conclusion Age and gender are statistically related to the increase of surgical relapses. Leukoplakia and granuloma are associated with increased surgical relapses. Patients submitted to cyst microsurgery appear to be protected against surgical recurrence.

Abstract Introduction Otosclerosis is a primary osteodystrophy of the otic capsule, frequently responsible for acquired hearing loss in adults. Although the diagnostic value of imaging investigations in otosclerosis is debatable, they might still be employed with different goals within the context of the disease. Objectives The present paper aims to review the most recent literature on the use of imaging studies in otosclerosis for the most varied purposes, from routine application and differential diagnosis to prognostic prediction and investigation of surgical failure. Data Synthesis The diagnosis of otosclerosis is usually clinical, but computed tomography (CT) is paramount in particular cases for the differential diagnosis. The routine use, however, is not supported by strong evidence. Even so, there is growing evidence of the role of this method in surgical planning and prediction of postoperative prognosis. In specific scenarios, for example when superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) syndrome is suspected or in surgical failure, CT is crucial indeed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, has limited - although important - indications in the management of individuals with otosclerosis, especially in the evaluation of postoperative complications and in the follow-up of medical treatment in active ostosclerosis. Conclusion Imaging studies have a broad range of well-established indications in otosclerosis. Besides, although the routine use of CT remains controversial, the most recent papers have shed light into new potential benefits of imaging prior to surgery.

Abstract Introduction Cochlear implants (CIs) enable objective measures of the neural function in implanted patients through the measurements of the neural response telemetry (NRT) and of the Auditory nerve Recovery Function (REC). These measurements help in programming the speech processor and understanding the auditory system. Objective To compare the NRT and the REC in prelingual and postlingual implanted patients. Methods An observational, descriptive and prospective study was carried out. The NRT and the REC (through the T0, A, and tau parameters) were evaluated in individuals submitted to CI surgery, who were divided into two groups: prelingual and postlingual patients. Results In total, 46 patients were evaluated. Data analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the NRT measurements and the T0, A, and Tau of the REC in the comparison between the two groups, except for the NRT in the basal cochlear region. Conclusion There was no statistically significant difference in the REC in pre- and postlingual patients.

Resumo Introdução Normas e padrões de estética nasal são essenciais para uma adequada avaliação pré-operatória e programação cirúrgica. Os padrões estéticos nasais usados são uma mistura dos ideais artísticos de beleza e traçados em modelos e celebridades. Por não considerar medidas populacionais, variam conforme o período e permitem uma discrepância entre o desejo do cirurgião e o real desejo do paciente com a rinoplastia. Nem todas as populações desejam obter um resultado estético conforme esses valores, mas um resultado natural, ou seja, com algumas das características nasais da população a que pertencem. A população brasileira carece de estudos populacionais que avaliam as suas medidas nasais. Objetivo 1) Avaliar as médidas antropométricas de narizes caucasianos da cidade de Curitiba (Paraná) e compará-los com o padrão estético ideal da literatura; 2) Compará-los entre os sexos. Método Estudo prospectivo, coorte, envolveu 100 voluntários caucasianos em um hospital terciário no Sul do Brasil. Através de fotografias na vista frontal e lateral, foram obtidas: distância intercantal, distância alar, comprimento do dorso nasal, ângulo nasofrontal, ângulo nasolabial e projeção da ponta nasal (método do Goode). Análise estatística foi realizada para comparar as medidas obtidas: entre os gêneros e com os padrões ideais. Resultados Comparando os resultados obtidos com o apregoado pelos ideais estéticos, a amostra apresentou: ângulo nasolabial similar (p = 0,07), largura alar maior do que distância intercantal (p < 0,001), maior projeção da ponta nasal (p < 0,001), relação largura-comprimento maior (p < 0,001) e ângulo nasofrontal mais obtuso (p < 0,001). Diferiram estatisticamente entre os sexos o ângulo nasofrontal (p = 0,0008) e a projeção da ponta (p = 0,032). Homens apresentaram o ângulo nasofrontal menor e a razão de Goode maior. Conclusão Com exceção do ângulo nasolabial, as medidas obtidas na amostra populacional diferiram dos ideais estéticos publicados. Na comparação dos sexos, homens apresentaram um ângulo nasofrontal mais agudo e uma projeção da ponta maior do que as mulheres.

Abstract Introduction Norms and patterns of nasal esthetics are essential for an adequate preoperative evaluation and surgical programming. The esthetic nasal patterns used are a blend of artistic beauty ideals and tracings in models and celebrities. Because they do not consider population measures, they vary according to the period, and allow a discrepancy between the surgeon's preference and the patient's real desire for rhinoplasty. Not all populations wish to obtain an esthetic result according to these values, but prefer a natural result, that is, one with some of the nasal characteristics of the population to which they belong to. The Brazilian population lacks population studies to evaluate its nose measurements. Objective (1) To evaluate the anthropometric measures of Caucasian noses of people living in the city of Curitiba (state of Paraná), and to compare them to the ideal esthetic pattern of the literature; (2) To compare them between genders. Methods This is a prospective cohort study involving 100 Caucasian volunteers at a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. Through the frontal and lateral view photos, intercanthal distance, alar distance, nasal dorsum length, nasofrontal angle, nasolabial angle, and nasal tip projection (Goode's method) were obtained. A statistical analysis was performed to compare the measures obtained between genders and with the ideal patterns. Results Comparing the results obtained with those predicted by the esthetic ideals, the sample presented: similar nasolabial angle (p = 0.07), alar width greater than intercanthal distance (p < 0.001), higher nasal tip projection (p < 0.001), larger width-length ratio (p < 0.001), and more obtuse nasofrontal angle (p < 0.001). The nasofrontal angle (p = 0.0008) and the tip projection (p = 0.032) were statistically different between the genders. Men had a smaller nasofrontal angle, and a larger Goode's ratio. Conclusion Except for the nasolabial angle, the measures obtained in the population sample differed from the published esthetic ideals. Comparing the genders, men had a sharper nasofrontal angle, and higher tip projection than women.

Abstract Introduction Diode laser is a new alternative in stapes surgery for otosclerosis. The present study is the first to compare the short-term results of the surgery performed using diode laser to those obtained through the conventional fenestration technique. Objective To use audiometry to establish a comparative analysis between the functional results obtained through surgery for otosclerosis using diode laser and the conventional technique. Method Audiometric evaluation of 12 patients submitted to stapes surgery for otosclerosis, using diode laser or conventional fenestration by needle and drills, between 2014 and 2015. Each group was composed of 6 patients. Pre and postoperative measures were compared for three months in both groups. The speech recognition threshold, the air and bone conduction threshold, as well as the gap between them at 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz and 4 KHz were measured. Results Significant difference in bone conduction and SRT was observed when compared post- and preoperative results in the diode group. However diode and conventional technique groups presented significant differences in air conduction and air-bone gap, suggesting that both can provide functional improvement. Conclusion Laser stapedotomy is a safe technique with good results. Both laser surgery and the conventional technique have improved the hearing of patients with a discreet advantage for the diode laser. Further prospective and randomized clinical trials are required to disclose all possible benefits of the stapes surgery using diode laser.

Introduction Neural response telemetry (NRT) is a method of capturing the action potential of the distal portion of the auditory nerve in cochlear implant (CI) users, using the CI itself to elicit and record the answers. In addition, it can alsomeasure the recovery function of the auditory nerve (REC), that is, the refractory properties of the nerve. It is not clear in the literature whether the responses from adults are the same as those from children. Objective To compare the results of NRT and REC between adults and children undergoing CI surgery. Methods Cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study of the results of NRT and REC for patients undergoing IC at our service. The NRT is assessed by the level of amplitude (microvolts) and REC as a function of three parameters: A (saturation level, in microvolts), t0 (absolute refractory period, in seconds), and tau (curve of the model function), measured in three electrodes (apical, medial, and basal). Results Fifty-two patients were evaluated with intraoperative NRT (26 adults and 26 children), and 24 with REC (12 adults and 12 children). No statistically significant difference was found between intraoperative responses of adults and children for NRTor for REC's three parameters, except for parameter A of the basal electrode. Conclusion The results of intraoperative NRT and REC were not different between adults and children, except for parameter A of the basal electrode.

Introduction Otosclerosis is a disease that causes bone resorption and deposition in the auditory structures, leading to deafness. Many studies have evaluated the histopathology of the stapes footplate in this disease (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, vascular proliferation, fibroblasts, and histiocytes), but we found no studies in the literature involving the histology of the superstructure of the stapes. Objectives To perform an analysis under optical microscopy of histopathologic findings of the superstructure of the stapes from patients with otosclerosis. Methods A contemporary cross-sectional cohort study of pathology analysis of superstructures of the stapes of patients with otosclerosis. Results Fifteen superstructures of stapes in patients with otosclerosis operated in our service and four stapes of cadavers used for dissection (controls) were evaluated. No areas of bone resorption or deposition or presence of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the superstructure of the stapes were found. However, we found in themore distal portions of the crura areas with prominent cementitious lines and woven bone, which was different than the mature trabecular bone found in the head of the stapes or in the controls. Conclusion There were histologic changes in the superstructure of the stapes in patients with otosclerosis operated in our service.

INTRODUCTION: Dysphonia is the main symptom of lesions that affect the vocal tract. Many of those lesions may require surgical treatment. Polyps are one of the most common forms of vocal cord lesions and the most prevalent indication for laryngeal microsurgery. There are different types of polyps, and their different characteristics can indicate different prognosis and treatments. AIM: To conduct a comparative study of polypoid lesions (angiomatous and gelatinous) in patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery via an electronic protocol. METHOD: We prospectively evaluated 93 patients diagnosed with vocal fold polyps; the polyps were classified as angiomatous or gelatinous. RESULTS: In total, 93 patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery were diagnosed with vocal fold polyps. Of these, 63 (64.74%) had angiomatous and 30 (32.26%) gelatinous polyps. Most patients with angiomatous polyps were men; their polyps were frequently of medium size, positioned in the middle third of the vocal fold, and accompanied by minimal structural alterations (MSA). In contrast, the majority of patients with gelatinous polyps were women; their polyps were smaller, positioned in the middle and posterior third of the vocal fold, and were not accompanied by MSA. Both types of polyps were more frequently located on the right vocal fold. CONCLUSION: Angiomatous polyps were more frequently encountered than gelatinous polyps. In addition, correlations between polyp type and sex, polyp size, position, location, and the presence of MSA were observed. Different surgical techniques were used, but the postoperative results were similar and satisfactory after speech therapy.

INTRODUCTION: Fibrin tissue adhesive, which has applications in several areas of medicine, can be prepared by different methods. Aim: To compare fibrin tissue adhesives prepared by 3 different methods. METHOD: In this prospective experimental laboratory study, fibrin tissue adhesives prepared by the use of plasma fibrinogen (group 1), cryoprecipitation (group 2), and precipitation by ammonium sulfate (group 3) were tested on 15 rabbits and 10 fragments of dura mater. The quality of the clots was assessed in terms of the success of the healing process, local toxicity, graft adhesion capacity, and degree of adhesion of 2 fragments of dura mater produced. RESULTS: All methods produced a clot with high adhesion and no toxicity, but tensile strength testing revealed that the glue produced from the ammonium sulfate-precipitated clot (group 3) was the strongest, requiring 39 g/cm ² to separate the fragments as opposed to 23 g/cm ² for group 2 and 13 g/cm ² for group 1. CONCLUSION: All methods produced good results as far as clot formation and non-toxicity, but ammonium sulfate precipitation produced the best tensile strength and was thus the most effective method of preparing fibrin tissue adhesive.

INTRODUÇÃO: Proporções antropométricas e simetria são consideradas determinantes de beleza. Tais parâmetros têm importância significativa em cirurgia plástica facial, notadamente na Rinoplastia. Sendo o nariz o órgão central da face, ele tem especial importância na determinação da simetria facial, tanto através da percepção de um nariz torto quanto através da determinação do crescimento facial. A avaliação da presença de assimetrias faciais tem grande relevância no pré-operatório, tanto para planejamento cirúrgico quanto aconselhamento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar e documentar a presença de assimetria facial em pacientes com plano de Rinoplastia e correlacionar as medidas antropométricas com percepção de assimetria ou simetria facial, avaliando se há uma maior prevalência de assimetria facial entre esses pacientes em comparação com voluntários sem queixa nasal. MÉTODO: trabalho prospectivo, realizado através de comparação de fotografias, em pacientes com Pré-operatório de Rinoplastia e voluntários (controles), n=201, através de controle de medidas antropométricas tomadas de uma linha passando pelo centro da face, até: tragus, canto medial, canto lateral, margem alar, e comissura oral, de cada lado da face, por meio de testes estatísticos (teste Z e Odds ratio). RESULTADOS: Nenhum dos pacientes ou voluntários apresentou valores totalmente simétricos. Subjetivamente, 59% dos pacientes foram percebidos como assimétricos, contra 54%dos voluntários. Objetivamente, mais de 89% dos pesquisados tiveram medidas assimétricas. Os pacientes apresentaram RLMTr (Razão Linha Média Tragus) mais assimétrica que os voluntários, com diferença estatisticamente significativa. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÃO: assimetrias faciais são muito frequentes em pacientes que procuram Rinoplastia, portanto, especial atenção deve ser dada a estes aspectos, tanto para o planejamento cirúrgico, quanto para orientação aos pacientes.

INTRODUCTION: Anthropometric proportions and symmetry are considered determinants of beauty. These parameters have significant importance in facial plastic surgery, particularly in rhinoplasty. As the central organ of the face, the nose is especially important in determining facial symmetry, both through the perception of a crooked nose and through the determination of facial growth. The evaluation of the presence of facial asymmetry has great relevance preoperatively, both for surgical planning and counseling. AIM/OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and document the presence of facial asymmetry in patients during rhinoplasty planning and to correlate the anthropometric measures with the perception of facial symmetry or asymmetry, assessing whether there is a higher prevalence of facial asymmetry in these patients compared to volunteers without nasal complaints. METHODS: This prospective study was performed by comparing photographs of patients with rhinoplasty planning and volunteers (controls), n = 201, and by evaluating of anthropometric measurements taken from a line passing through the center of the face, until tragus, medial canthus, corner side wing margin, and oral commissure of each side, by statistical analysis (Z test and odds ratio). RESULTS: None of the patients or volunteers had completely symmetric values. Subjectively, 59% of patients were perceived as asymmetric, against 54% of volunteers. Objectively, more than 89% of respondents had asymmetrical measures. Patients had greater RLMTr (MidLine Tragus Ratio) asymmetry than volunteers, which was statistically significant. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Facial asymmetries are very common in patients seeking rhinoplasty, and special attention should be paid to these aspects both for surgical planning and for counseling of patients.

INTRODUÇÃO: A fusão da medicina com a informática facilita a recuperação de dados armazenados, favorecendo a realização de pesquisas com maior rigor científico. Estudos na área da Otorrinolaringologia, mais especificamente na área de Laringologia e Voz são de fundamental importância, pois 70% da população economicamente ativa necessitam da voz para trabalhar. OBJETIVO: Criar protocolo informatizado das doenças da laringe, aplicá-lo e validá-lo, avaliar as alterações laringoscópicas em pacientes submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe. MÉTODO: Criou-se uma base de dados de doenças otorrinolaringológicas através da revisão bibliográfica de livros-texto e de artigos científicos. Após, realizou-se a informatização destes dados e a sua incorporação ao SINPE© formando o protocolo mestre (doenças otorrinolaringológicas) e o protocolo específico (doenças laríngeas). Foi realizada coleta de dados prospectivos de pacientes submetidos à microcirurgia de laringe no Hospital Paranaense de Otorrinolaringologia. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de gráficos através do módulo SINPE© Analisador. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 245 pacientes, de 9 a 79anos, sendo que 36,61% (93 pacientes) foram submetidos à cirurgia por presença de pólipo nas pregas vocais, 12,6% (32) por papilomatose e 11,83% (29) por cisto intracordal. CONCLUSÕES: A criação de uma base eletrônica de dados clínicos das doenças otorrinolaringológicas foi factível. A implantação e a validação do protocolo foram possíveis. Sua disponibilização pode ser efetuada a médicos envolvidos na coleta de dados clínicos e resgate de informações para realização de trabalhos científicos de forma organizada. As alterações laríngeas mais encontradas foram pólipo, papiloma e cisto intra-cordal.

INTRODUCTION: The merging of medicine with information technology facilitates the retrieval of stored data, aiding the conduct of research with greater scientific rigor. Studies in the field of otorhinolaryngology, specifically in the area of laryngology and voice, are of fundamental importance, since 70% of the economically active need their voice to work. OBJECTIVE: To create a computerized protocol of the diseases of the larynx, apply and validate it, and use it to evaluate patients undergoing laryngoscopic microsurgery of the larynx. METHOD: We created a database of ENT diseases through a literature review of textbooks and scientific articles. Next, we computerized the data and incorporated it into the SINPE©, creating a master protocol (ENT diseases) and a specific protocol (laryngeal diseases). Data were collected prospectively from patients undergoing laryngeal microsurgery in the ENT Hospital of Paraná. The collected data were analyzed with graphs through the SINPE© Analyzer module. RESULTS: We evaluated 245 patients aged 9-79 years, and determined that 36.61% (93 patients) underwent surgery for the presence of polyps on the vocal folds, 12.6% (32) underwent surgery for papillomatosis, and 11.83% (29) underwent surgery for intracordal cysts. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of an electronic database of clinical ENT diseases was feasible. We were also able to implement and validate the protocol. The database may be released to physicians involved in clinical data collection and retrieval of information to conduct scientific research in an organized manner. The most common laryngeal disorders identified were polyps, papilloma, and intracordal cysts.

INTRODUÇÃO: Queloides são tumores benignos resultantes de cicatrização anômala da pele, sendo que existem diversos procedimentos disponíveis para o seu tratamento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os resultados de pacientes submetidos a tratamento de queloides retroauriculares após cirurgias otorrinológicas em nosso serviço. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo, através de análise de prontuários, dos pacientes submetidos a tratamento de queloides retroauriculares em nosso serviço. RESULTADOS: Nove pacientes foram avaliados, sendo que 6 foram submetidos a ressecção e betaterapia adjuvante, 2 foram submetidos a ressecção mais aplicação de corticoide local, 1 foi submetido apenas a ressecção sem terapia adjuvante. Não houve recidiva nos casos tratados com betaterapia no pós-operatório precoce, 1 paciente apresentou recidiva mesmo com corticoterapia e betaterapia tardia. Discussão: diversas técnicas tem sido utilizadas para tratamento dos queloides retroauriculares, sendo que a betaterapia é considerada a com melhores resultados, seguida pela utilização de corticoides intralesionais. CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento dos queloides retroauriculares continua um desafio. Enquanto novas técnicas não são desenvolvidas, a ressecção seguida de betaterapia precoce ainda é a melhor opção.

INTRODUCTION: Keloids are benign tumors arising from abnormal healing of the skin, and there are several procedures available for their treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing treatment of keloids after ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgeries at our service center. METHOD: We conducted thorough, retrospective and prospective analysis of records of patients undergoing treatment of retroauricular keloids at our center. RESULTS: Nine patients were evaluated, and 6 underwent resection and adjuvant beta-therapy, 2 underwent resection with local application of corticosteroids, and only 1 underwent resection without adjuvant therapy. There was no recurrence of keloids in patients that were treated with beta-therapy in the early postoperative period. One patient had relapsed despite corticosteroid administration and late beta-therapy. Discussion: Several techniques have been used for the treatment of retroauricular keloids, and beta-therapy is thought to yield the best results, followed by the use of intralesional corticosteroids. CONCLUSION: Treatment of retroauricular keloids remains a challenge. While new techniques are being developed, resection followed by early beta-therapy is still the best treatment option.

INTRODUÇÃO: A Síndrome de Down é uma síndrome genética caracterizada por varias alterações, sendo que a Instabilidade Atlanto-axial é de grande importância para o Otorrinolaringologista. OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de instabilidade atlanto-axial em pacientes portadores de Síndrome de Down que fazem acompanhamento ambulatorial no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR e analisar se há necessidade de se realizar de rotina radiografia cervical nos pacientes com indicação de realizar cirurgia otorrinolaringológica. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo com paciente portadores da síndrome que tem acompanhamento no HC/UFPR, através de questionário e raios-X cervical. RESULTADOS: Não foi encontrado nenhum caso de IAA na população estudada. DISCUSSÃO: Considera-se que há uma alta frequência de IAA em pacientes com Síndrome de Down, sendo recomendado para todos os pacientes que vão participar de atividades esportivas que envolvam movimentação da região ou que sejam submetidos a cirurgias uma investigação com exame clinico e radiológico. No entanto, devido à incidência ter achados muito variados questiona-se a real validade desta investigação para todos os pacientes, mesmo que assintomáticos. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de ser uma alteração peculiar da Síndrome de Down, não ha evidencias da necessidade de investigar a IAA rotineiramente em pacientes assintomáticos, sendo que a sintomatologia deve guiar a investigação. Porém, mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a importância dos exames radiológicos nesses casos.

INTRODUCTION: The Down's Syndrome (DS) is a genetic syndrome characterized by several changes and the Atlanto-axial Instability is critical for the otorhinolaryngologist. OBJECTIVE: Check the prevalence of atlanto-axial instability in patients with Down's Syndrome who undergo service follow-up in the Clinical Hospital of the UFPR [Federal University of Paraná] and review the need to carry out routine cervical radiography in the patients with prescription to otorhinolaryngologic surgery. METHOD: Prospective study of patients with the syndrome who undergo CH/UFPR's follow up, through questionnaire and cervical X-ray. RESULTS: No case of IAA was found in the population studied. Discussion: we consider there's a high frequency of AAI in patients with DS, and for all patients who will take part in sports activities that involve motion of the region, or who are submitted to surgeries, an investigation with clinical and radiological exam is recommended. However, as the incidence has many variable findings we question the real validity of this research for all patients, even the asymptomatic ones. CONCLUSION: In spite of a DS's peculiar change, there are no evidences of the need to research the AAI as a routine in asymptomatic patients and the symptomatology should guide the investigation. But more studies are required to evaluate the importance of the radiological exams in such cases.

INTRODUÇÃO: A timpanoplastia tem por objetivo reconstruir a membrana timpânica, restaurando a proteção à orelha media e melhorando a audição. Nesse estudo foram avaliados os resultados cirúrgicos e audiométricos dessa cirurgia, realizada no serviço de Otorrinolaringologia do HC/UFPR por residentes do 2o ano durante o ano de 2008, bem como alguns fatores que possam influenciar nos resultados. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, através de analise de prontuários. RESULTADOS: Dos 31 pacientes avaliados, houve fechamento da perfuração em 24 (80%) e melhora da audição com reduccedil;ão ou fechamento do gap condutivo em 60% e 26,7% respectivamente. DISCUSSÃO: A taxa de sucesso da cirurgia foi satisfatória, sendo similar à encontrada na literatura, sendo que fatores como idade, presença de patologia uni ou bilateral e tamanho da perfuração não foram fatores determinantes deste sucesso cirúrgico. CONCLUSÃO: A timpanoplastia realizada por residentes do 2o ano da residência mostrou resultados satisfatórios tanto cirúrgicos quanto audiométricos.

INTRODUCTION: The tympanoplasty aims to reconstruct the tympanic membrane, restoring protection to the middle ear and improve hearing. In this study we evaluated the surgical results and audiometric this surgery, performed in the service of Otorhinolaryngology, HC / UFPR by residents of the second year in the METHOD: A retrospective study through review of medical records. RESULTS: Among the 31 patients evaluated, there was closure of the perforation in 24 (80%) and hearing improvement with reduction or closure of the conductive gap by 60% and 26.7% respectively. DISCUSSION: The success rate of surgery was satisfactory and similar to that found in the literature, and factors such as age, presence of unilateral or bilateral pathology and size of perforation were not determinants of surgical success. CONCLUSION: Tympanoplasty performed by residents of the second year of residence showed satisfactory results regarding both surgical audiometric.