Abstract To investigate the influence of the remaining volume of a new intracanal medication based on bioceramic compounds on the bond strength (BS) and formation of an adhesive interface between calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. For this purpose, the specimens were distributed according to the intracanal medication (n = 26): Bio-C Temp (BCT) and Ultracal XS (UXS). The roots were scanned in microCT, and after 7 days, the medication was removed. Then a new scan was performed to evaluate the volume of medication remaining. Subsequently, 40 specimens were redistributed into 2 subgroups (n = 10) and filled according to the sealer used: AH Plus (AHP) and Bio-C Sealer (BCS), to assess the bond strength by using the push-out test, and the adhesive interface by confocal laser fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The t test showed a smaller remainder of BCT (1.77 ± 0.86) compared with UXS (10.47 ± 5.78), irrespective of the root third evaluated. The BS showed that teeth with BCT + BCS had higher bond strength values (3.70 ± 1.22) when compared to the other groups: BCT + AHP (2.15 ± 1.07), UXS + BCS (3.18 ± 1.09) and UXS + AHP (2.11 ± 1.02) (p<0.001). The cervical third had higher BS when compared with the middle and apical thirds (p < 0.001), and higher number of adhesive failures. The adhesive interface in SEM and CLSM images showed better adaptation for the association between BCT + BCS. Intracanal medication and silicate-based endodontic sealer appeared to interact chemically by forming a biomineralizing layer, allowing for an increase in the bond strength and forming an adhesive interface between the materials, with no or less gap formation.

ABSTRACT The present study explored the predictive values of milk leukocyte differentials (MLD) as a basis for improving the diagnosis of intramammary infections (IMIs) and subclinical mastitis. Quarter milk samples were collected for bacteriological analysis, quarter somatic cell count (qSCC), and MLD. The MLD were assessed using the cytospin technique, direct microscopic smears, and flow cytometry. The predictive values of each single leukocyte population and useful potential indices that could better reflect immune complexity were also calculated. Changes in the percentage of any leukocyte alone failed to substantially improve the predictive value of qSCC in diagnosing IMIs. Although certain parameters increased the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) as a result of increased specificity values, a slight reduction in sensitivity was observed. The so-called CD8 complex was a unique parameter which improved both the sensitivity (78.79 %) and the specificity (80.77 %) in IMI diagnosis, resulting in the highest area under the ROC curve (0.87). To diagnose subclinical mastitis, the percentage of macrophages and the sum of the percentage PMNLs and T CD8+ cells divided by the percentage of macrophages showed the highest predictive values (sensitivity = 79.63, specificity = 73.68, and area under the ROC curve = 0.83) in the differentiation of the inflammatory condition status of cows. In conclusion, this study provides further insights into using T CD8+ lymphocytes in diagnosing bovine IMIs, combined with PMNLs and macrophages. The antidromic trend of macrophages vs. PMNLs and T CD8+ lymphocytes due to the increasing qSCCs was crucial to differentiating quarters under both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar a quantificação de T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) e kappa-deleting recombination circles (KRECs) por reação em cadeia de polimerase (polymerase chain reaction, PCR) em tempo real (qRT-PCR), para triagem neonatal de imunodeficiências primárias que cursam com defeitos nas células T e/ou B no Brasil. Métodos: Amostras de sangue de recém-nascidos (RN) e controles foram coletadas em papel-filtro. O DNA foi extraído e os TRECs e KRECs foram quantificados por reação duplex de qRT-PCR. O valor de corte foi determinado pela análise de Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, utilizando-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SSPS) (IBM®, Armonk, NY, EUA). Resultados: 6.881 amostras de RN foram analisadas quanto à concentração de TRECs e KRECs. Os valores de TRECs variaram entre 1 e 1.006 TRECs/µL, com média e mediana de 160 e 139 TRECs/µL, respectivamente. Três amostras de pacientes diagnosticados com imunodeficiência grave combinada (severe combined immunodeficiency, SCID) apresentaram valores de TRECs abaixo de 4/µL e um paciente com Síndrome de DiGeorge apresentou TRECs indetectáveis. Os valores de KRECs encontraram-se entre 10 e 1.097 KRECs/µL, com média e mediana de 130 e 108 KRECs/µL, e quatro pacientes com diagnóstico de agamaglobulinemia tiveram resultados abaixo de 4 KRECs/µL. Os valores de corte encontrados foram 15 TRECs/µL e 14 KRECs/µL, e foram estabelecidos de acordo com a análise da Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve, com sensibilidade de 100% para detecção de SCID e agamaglobulinemia, respectivamente. Conclusões: A quantificação de TRECs e KRECs foi capaz de diagnosticar crianças com linfopenias T e/ou B em nosso estudo, validando a técnica e dando o primeiro passo para a implementação da triagem neonatal em grande escala no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate the quantification of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for newborn screening of primary immunodeficiencies with defects in T and/or B cells in Brazil. Methods: Blood samples from newborns and controls were collected on filter paper. DNA was extracted and TRECs, and KRECs were quantified by a duplex real-time PCR. The cutoff values were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using SPSS software (IBM®, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Around 6,881 samples from newborns were collected and TRECs and KRECs were quantified. The TRECs values ranged between 1 and 1,006 TRECs/µL, with mean and median of 160 and 139 TRECs/µL, respectively. Three samples from patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) showed TRECs below 4/µL and a patient with DiGeorge syndrome showed undetectable TRECs. KRECs values ranged from 10 to 1,097 KRECs/µL, with mean and median of 130 and 108 KRECs/µL. Four patients with agammaglobulinemia had results below 4 KRECs/µL. The cutoff values were 15 TRECs/µL and 14 KRECs/µL and were established according to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, with 100% sensitivity for SCID and agammaglobulinemia detection, respectively. Conclusions: Quantification of TRECs and KRECs was able to diagnose children with T- and/or B-cell lymphopenia in our study, which validated the technique in Brazil and enabled us to implement the newborn screening program for SCID and agammaglobulinemia.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os principais fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares hipertensivas e isquêmicas da síndrome metabólica (SM) podem ser favoravelmente modificados pelo estilo de vida (EV). OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito de um programa de modificação do estilo de vida sobre os fatores de risco cardiovascular de voluntários com síndrome metabólica (SM). MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico em que oito voluntários (cinco mulheres) com diagnóstico de SM foram submetidos, ao longo de três meses, à intervenção nutricional quinzenal e a um programa de exercício físico, realizado em esteira rolante com intensidade de 65% a 75% da frequência cardíaca máxima, com duração de 30 minutos, três vezes por semana. Após o programa os dados foram comparados pelo teste t de Student. RESULTADOS: Houve redução significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (-7,5%), triglicerídeos (-6,7%) e lipoproteínas de alta densidade (-8%). Além disso, o índice de trabalho cardíaco avaliado em repouso reduziu significativamente (-11%), ao passo que o condicionamento físico expresso pelo trabalho muscular e consumo de oxigênio aumentaram significativamente (29% e 24%, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: Até o momento, esses resultados indicam que a mudança nos hábitos alimentares associados à prática regular de exercício físico pode reduzir beneficamente as concentrações de triglicerídeos, bem como a PAS e o DP. Além disso, devido à relevância dos resultados obtidos ao final do programa, acredita-se que a continuidade das atividades propostas neste estudo possa beneficiar outros indivíduos com SM.

INTRODUCTION: The main risk factors for hypertensive and ischemic cardiovascular disease of the metabolic syndrome (MS) can be favorably change by the life style (LS). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effect of a lifestyle modification program (LMP) on cardiovascular risk factors of the Metabolic Syndrome (MS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this clinical trial, 08 volunteers (05 women) with MS underwent a biweekly nutritional intervention and a physical exercise program, using a treadmill, at 65-75 % of maximum heart rate, during 30 minutes, three times a week. After tree mouths on LPM the data were compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS: There was a dramatic reduction in systolic blood pressure (-7.5%), triglycerides (-6.7%) and high density lipoprotein (-8%). Moreover, there was a reduction in resting double product (-11%) and an increase in physical conditioning expressed by the workload in watts (29%), as well as in the oxygen consumption (24%). CONCLUSION: Until this moment, these results indicate that food habits change, associated to frequently physical exercise can reduce the triglycerides concentration as well as SBD and DP. Besides, since the relevance of the results obtained at the end of the program, we believe that the continuity of the activities proposed by this study can benefit other individuals with MS.

OBJETIVO: Comparar o equilíbrio postural estático entre portadoras de lombalgia crônica e indivíduos saudáveis, através do deslocamento do centro de pressão. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 15 mulheres com lombalgia (Grupo lombalgia) e 15 mulheres saudáveis (Grupo saudável). Elas foram orientadas a permanecer em posição ortostática sobre a plataforma de força durante 30 segundos. Foram analisadas a área e a velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão de ambos os grupos. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do Teste t de Student, com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os indivíduos com lombalgia crônica apresentaram maior área de deslocamento do centro de pressão em relação aos saudáveis, porém não houve diferença significativa em relação à velocidade de deslocamento do centro de pressão. CONCLUSÃO: Indivíduos com lombalgia crônica apresentam alteração do equilíbrio estático em relação a saudáveis. Nível de evidência III, Estudos Prognósticos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the static postural balance between women suffering from chronic low back pain and healthy subjects, by moving the center of pressure. METHODS: The study included 15 women with low back pain (LBP group) and 15 healthy women (healthy group). They were instructed to remain in standing on the force platform for 30 seconds. We analyzed the area and the speed of displacement of center of pressure of both groups. Data analysis was performed using the Student t-test, with significance of 5%. RESULTS: Individuals with chronic low back pain showed a larger area of displacement of the center of pressure relative to the healthy ones but there was no significant difference in the speed of displacement of the center of pressure. CONCLUSION: Individuals with chronic low back pain had alterations in static balance with respect to healthy ones. Level of Evidence III, Prognostic Studies.

In Chagas disease, understanding how the immune response controls parasite growth but also leads to heart damage may provide insight into the design of new therapeutic strategies. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is important for resistance to acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection; however, in patients suffering from chronic T. cruzi infection, plasma TNF-α levels correlate with cardiomyopathy. Recent data suggest that CD8-enriched chagasic myocarditis formation involves CCR1/CCR5-mediated cell migration. Herein, the contribution of TNF-α, especially signaling through the receptor TNFR1/p55, to the pathophysiology of T. cruzi infection was evaluated with a focus on the development of myocarditis and heart dysfunction. Colombian strain-infected C57BL/6 mice had increased frequencies of TNFR1/p55+ and TNF-α+ splenocytes. Although TNFR1-/- mice exhibited reduced myocarditis in the absence of parasite burden, they succumbed to acute infection. Similar to C57BL/6 mice, Benznidazole-treated TNFR1-/- mice survived acute infection. In TNFR1-/- mice, reduced CD8-enriched myocarditis was associated with defective activation of CD44+CD62Llow/- and CCR5+ CD8+ lymphocytes. Also, anti-TNF-α treatment reduced the frequency of CD8+CCR5+ circulating cells and myocarditis, though parasite load was unaltered in infected C3H/HeJ mice. TNFR1-/- and anti-TNF-α-treated infected mice showed regular expression of connexin-43 and reduced fibronectin deposition, respectively. Furthermore, anti-TNF-α treatment resulted in lower levels of CK-MB, a cardiomyocyte lesion marker. Our results suggest that TNF/TNFR1 signaling promotes CD8-enriched myocarditis formation and heart tissue damage, implicating the TNF/TNFR1 signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for control of T. cruzi-elicited cardiomyopathy.

OBJETIVO: Parte de um projeto promovido pelas Nações Unidas (FAO) e pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil (Fundação de Assistência ao Escolar) para estudar a condição nutricional de alunos de educandários públicos, visa a avaliar, com um enfoque cartográfico, a magnitude e a distribuição espacial do déficit estatural de alunos de escolas públicas do Estado da Paraíba. MÉTODOS: Fez-se levantamento de caráter censitário da estatura de 50.144 escolares com idade de 6 a 9 anos, matriculados na primeira série do primeiro grau de todos municípios do Estado da Paraíba, considerando-se como déficit estatural os valores classificados abaixo de -2 "scores" z do padrão do National Center of Health Statistics. RESULTADOS: Em todo o Estado, 14,5% dos escolares foram considerados casos de nanismo, com uma distribuição heterogênea para as quatro mesorregiões fisiográficas estudadas: 18,7% no Sertão, 13,8% no Agreste, 11,9% na Borborema e 10,9% na Zona da Mata. Nas escolas da área rural, 17,8% dos alunos apresentavam déficit estatural, enquanto no meio urbano a prevalência de nanismo foi de 11,8%. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados encontrados são indicativos de um processo de interiorização da desnutrição, contrastando substancialmente com as descrições históricas sobre a cartografia do problema na região.

OBJECTIVE: The study is part of a project financed by the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Education of Brazil (Fundação de Assistência ao Escolar) which intends to evaluate the nutritional status of public schools students in order to estimate, giving emphasis to geographical aspects, the magnitude and distribution of statural deficit of this population in the Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Schoolchildren, aged 6-9 years and enrolled in the first grade inall municipalities of Paraíba state went through a height survey. We consider as statural deficit values below -2 standard deviations according to the anthropometric pattern of National Center of Health Statistics. RESULTS: A frequency of 14.5% of statural deficit was found in the whole state , as well as 18.7% in the semidesertic region (sertão), 13.8% in Agreste area, 11.9% in Borborema region and 10.9% in Mata zone. In rural area, the prevalence of statural deficit was higher (17.8%) than for those living in urban area (11.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal a process of inlanding of statural deficit, which contrasts with historical descriptions of the geographical distribution of this problem in the Northeastern region of Brazil.

OBJETIVO: Parte de um projeto promovido pelas Nações Unidas (FAO) e pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil (Fundação de Assistência ao Escolar) para estudar a condição nutricional de alunos de educandários públicos, visa a avaliar, com um enfoque cartográfico, a magnitude e a distribuição espacial do déficit estatural de alunos de escolas públicas do Estado da Paraíba. MÉTODOS: Fez-se levantamento de caráter censitário da estatura de 50.144 escolares com idade de 6 a 9 anos, matriculados na primeira série do primeiro grau de todos municípios do Estado da Paraíba, considerando-se como déficit estatural os valores classificados abaixo de -2 "scores" z do padrão do National Center of Health Statistics. RESULTADOS: Em todo o Estado, 14,5% dos escolares foram considerados casos de nanismo, com uma distribuição heterogênea para as quatro mesorregiões fisiográficas estudadas: 18,7% no Sertão, 13,8% no Agreste, 11,9% na Borborema e 10,9% na Zona da Mata. Nas escolas da área rural, 17,8% dos alunos apresentavam déficit estatural, enquanto no meio urbano a prevalência de nanismo foi de 11,8%. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados encontrados são indicativos de um processo de interiorização da desnutrição, contrastando substancialmente com as descrições históricas sobre a cartografia do problema na região.

OBJECTIVE: The study is part of a project financed by the United Nations (FAO) and the Ministry of Education of Brazil (Fundação de Assistência ao Escolar) which intends to evaluate the nutritional status of public schools students in order to estimate, giving emphasis to geographical aspects, the magnitude and distribution of statural deficit of this population in the Paraíba State, Northeastern Brazil. METHODS: Schoolchildren, aged 6-9 years and enrolled in the first grade inall municipalities of Paraíba state went through a height survey. We consider as statural deficit values below -2 standard deviations according to the anthropometric pattern of National Center of Health Statistics. RESULTS: A frequency of 14.5% of statural deficit was found in the whole state , as well as 18.7% in the semidesertic region (sertão), 13.8% in Agreste area, 11.9% in Borborema region and 10.9% in Mata zone. In rural area, the prevalence of statural deficit was higher (17.8%) than for those living in urban area (11.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal a process of inlanding of statural deficit, which contrasts with historical descriptions of the geographical distribution of this problem in the Northeastern region of Brazil.