Abstract This article aimed to map therapeutic itineraries in health care within rural Quilombola communities in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This is a section of a qualitative research conducted in six visited communities. The data was collected through 18 individual interviews, analyzed using the theoretical-methodological framework of Therapeutic Itineraries, and organized into three empirical themes. The narratives allowed for understanding the paths taken in health care by the Quilombola population, identifying the components of the popular subsystem (natural resources, the use of teas and home remedies), the family subsystem (transmission of knowledge and cultural heritage of care), and the professional subsystem (hospital level, medical care, primary and specialized attention). The difficulties of access are not only due to geographical distances, but also broader aspects of social determination, such as institutional racism, low availability of services, the need for payment for transportation and medical procedures. In this sense, it is necessary to have an approach and interventions from public policies to address ethnic-racial, economic, and access inequalities in health care services.

Resumo Este artigo teve como objetivo mapear os itinerários terapêuticos no cuidado em saúde em comunidades quilombolas rurais no norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um recorte de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada em seis comunidades visitadas. Os dados foram produzidos por meio de 18 entrevistas individuais, analisados pelo referencial teórico-metodológico dos itinerários terapêuticos e organizados em três temas empíricos. As narrativas permitiram a compreensão dos percursos trilhados no cuidado em saúde pela população quilombola, a identificação dos componentes do subsistema popular (recursos naturais, o uso de chás e remédios caseiros), do subsistema familiar (transmissão de conhecimentos e herança cultural de cuidados), e do subsistema profissional (nível hospitalar, cuidados médicos, atenção primária e especializada). As dificuldades de acesso não decorrem apenas das distâncias geográficas, envolvem aspectos mais amplos da determinação social, como o racismo institucional, a baixa oferta de serviços, a necessidade de pagamento para deslocamentos e procedimentos médicos. Nesse sentido, fazem-se necessárias uma abordagem e intervenções das políticas públicas frente às desigualdades étnico-raciais, econômicas e de acesso aos serviços de cuidado em saúde.

The essay aims to elucidate the potential impact of ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence on academic research across various aspects: information retrieval and review of scholarly literature, data analysis and presentation, as well as writing and translation. We explore potential consequences, risks, and paradoxes in utilizing AI for research, encompassing issues such as authorship dilemmas, erosion of research integrity, limitations in methodological approaches, expected shifts in the dynamics of knowledge production, and changes in the relations between academic center and peripheries. We conclude by calling for comprehensive dialogue on regulation and the development of technologies that align with our evolving needs.

O ensaio procura elucidar as transformações que o Chat GPT e outras inteligências artificiais tendem a causar na pesquisa acadêmica, como: busca, seleção e leitura de literatura acadêmica, análise e apresentação de dados; escrita e tradução. Discutimos algumas possíveis consequências, riscos e paradoxos no uso de IAs para a pesquisa, tais como dilemas de autoria, potencial deterioração da integridade da pesquisa, limitação das abordagens metodológicas, possíveis modificações nas dinâmicas de produção de conhecimento e nas relações centro-periferia no ambiente acadêmico. Concluímos demandando por um diálogo aprofundado sobre regulação e criação de tecnologias adaptadas às nossas necessidades.

Resumo Este estudo retrospectivo investigou fatores associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama entre 12.100 casos assistidos em estabelecimentos de saúde habilitados para a alta complexidade em oncologia no âmbito do SUS localizados no Rio de Janeiro entre 2013 e 2019. Regressão logística multivariada estimou razões de chances e intervalos de 95% de confiança. Foram submetidos ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias 82,1% dos casos. Entre aqueles sem histórico de diagnóstico anterior, alta escolaridade e estadiamento III e IV exibiram menor probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital exibiu probabilidade maior. Entre aqueles com histórico de diagnóstico anterior, idade ≥50 anos, raça/cor da pele não branca e estadiamento I exibiram maior probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto alta escolaridade, tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital e estadiamento IV exibiram probabilidade menor. Em suma, fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e relacionados ao estabelecimento de saúde estão associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama.

Abstract The present retrospective study investigated factors associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer of a cohort of 12,100 cases of health facilities qualified for high complexity in oncology within the scope of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of all cases, 82.1% were submitted to the first treatment >60 days. Patients without previous diagnosis history, higher education and in stages III and IV were less likely to have their first treatment >60 days, while treatment at a health facility outside the capital showed a higher probability. Patients with a previous diagnosis history, aged ≥50, non-white race/skin color and in stage I were more likely to be submitted to their first treatment >60 days, while subjects with higher education, treated in a health facility outside the capital and in stage IV showed a lower probability. To summarize, sociodemographic, clinical and health facility-related factors are associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer.

Abstract The present retrospective study investigated factors associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer of a cohort of 12,100 cases of health facilities qualified for high complexity in oncology within the scope of the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) of Rio de Janeiro between 2013 and 2019. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of all cases, 82.1% were submitted to the first treatment >60 days. Patients without previous diagnosis history, higher education and in stages III and IV were less likely to have their first treatment >60 days, while treatment at a health facility outside the capital showed a higher probability. Patients with a previous diagnosis history, aged ≥50, non-white race/skin color and in stage I were more likely to be submitted to their first treatment >60 days, while subjects with higher education, treated in a health facility outside the capital and in stage IV showed a lower probability. To summarize, sociodemographic, clinical and health facility-related factors are associated with time-to-treatment initiation of breast cancer.

Resumo Este estudo retrospectivo investigou fatores associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama entre 12.100 casos assistidos em estabelecimentos de saúde habilitados para a alta complexidade em oncologia no âmbito do SUS localizados no Rio de Janeiro entre 2013 e 2019. Regressão logística multivariada estimou razões de chances e intervalos de 95% de confiança. Foram submetidos ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias 82,1% dos casos. Entre aqueles sem histórico de diagnóstico anterior, alta escolaridade e estadiamento III e IV exibiram menor probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital exibiu probabilidade maior. Entre aqueles com histórico de diagnóstico anterior, idade ≥50 anos, raça/cor da pele não branca e estadiamento I exibiram maior probabilidade de submissão ao primeiro tratamento em tempo >60 dias, enquanto alta escolaridade, tratamento em estabelecimento de saúde não localizado na capital e estadiamento IV exibiram probabilidade menor. Em suma, fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e relacionados ao estabelecimento de saúde estão associados ao tempo para submissão ao primeiro tratamento do câncer de mama.

Computer-aided drug planning strategies have contributed to the research and development of new anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs to avoid resistance and reduce treatment time and the number of drugs used in therapy. The aim of work was to carry out a docking study to identify the possible mechanism of action of the hits LabMol73, 84, 86 and 93 previously tested in the Microplate Assay Blue Alamar (MABA), Low Oxygen Recovery Assay (LORA) assays in sensitive strains from M.tb. H37Rv and resistant to the standard drugs rifampicin and isoniazid, due to the promising inhibitory result against these strains, suggesting a different mechanism of action from existing drugs. The reverse virtual screening was performed on the Pharmmapper platform, which identifies targets by pharmacophoric model. The most promising targets have been validated. The DM was performed in the OpenEye Maestro program for analysis of poses and energy score. Sixteen targets M.tb. H37Rv were identified and only nine demonstrated viability for computational testing. The most promising results were observed in the mycolic acid cyclopropane synthase (PDB:1L1E) and pantothenate synthetase (PDB:1N2B) targets. Since, in the target 1L1E score results obtained were between -6.998 to -7.767 kcal/mol. In the 1N2B target the results were between -6.421 to -7.293 kcal/mol, presenting themselves as the most promising targets due to their similar score scores between the two targets suggesting that the mechanism of action may be the inhibition of one of these targets. These targets proved to be promising for elucidating the mechanism of action of the analyzed nitro heteroaryl chalcones, as they corroborate the assay against resistant strains, demonstrating that standard drugs have activity against other targets and also because mycolic acid and pantothenate are directly linked to virulence and resistance of M.tb. H37Rv.

Computer-aided drug planning strategies have contributed to the research and development of new anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs to avoid resistance and reduce treatment time and the number of drugs used in therapy. The aim of work was to carry out a docking study to identify the possible mechanism of action of the hits LabMol73, 84, 86 and 93 previously tested in the Microplate Assay Blue Alamar (MABA), Low Oxygen Recovery Assay (LORA) assays in sensitive strains from M.tb. H37Rv and resistant to the standard drugs rifampicin and isoniazid, due to the promising inhibitory result against these strains, suggesting a different mechanism of action from existing drugs. The reverse virtual screening was performed on the Pharmmapper platform, which identifies targets by pharmacophoric model. The most promising targets have been validated. The DM was performed in the OpenEye Maestro program for analysis of poses and energy score. Sixteen targets M.tb. H37Rv were identified and only nine demonstrated viability for computational testing. The most promising results were observed in the mycolic acid cyclopropane synthase (PDB:1L1E) and pantothenate synthetase (PDB:1N2B) targets. Since, in the target 1L1E score results obtained were between -6.998 to -7.767 kcal/mol. In the 1N2B target the results were between -6.421 to -7.293 kcal/mol, presenting themselves as the most promising targets due to their similar score scores between the two targets suggesting that the mechanism of action may be the inhibition of one of these targets. These targets proved to be promising for elucidating the mechanism of action of the analyzed nitro heteroaryl chalcones, as they corroborate the assay against resistant strains, demonstrating that standard drugs have activity against other targets and also because mycolic acid and pantothenate are directly linked to virulence and resistance of M.tb. H37Rv.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness in a real-world study of adjuvant trastuzumab in women with HER-2+ initial breast cancer in overall survival and recurrence-free survival. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with women who had HER-2+ breast cancer treated with trastuzumab from July 2012 to May 2017 and followed up until July 2021. The death rate was 2.62 per 100 persons/year, and the incidence rate of recurrence was 7.52 per 100 persons/year. The probability of survival at 8.7 years was 85.9%, while the probability of recurrence-free survival in the same period was 62.8%. The use of trastuzumab proved to be effective in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in a public health service in southern Brazil. Prognostic factors associated with worse overall survival or relapse did not influence the natural history of the disease, except locally advanced disease at the beginning of treatment. The data presented may prove to be useful in helping to make decisions about whether to use trastuzumab in the treatment of initial or locally advanced breast cancer in the Brazilian SUS.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a efetividade em estudo de vida real do trastuzumabe adjuvante em mulheres com câncer de mama inicial HER-2 positivo na sobrevida global e livre de recidiva. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectiva em mulheres com câncer de mama inicial HER-2 positivo atendidas no SUS, desde a incorporação da medicação. Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva com mulheres com câncer de mama HER-2 positivo, que foram tratadas entre julho de 2012 e maio de 2017 com seguimento até julho de 2021. A taxa de incidência de óbito foi de 2,62 por 100 pessoa/ano e a de recidiva foi de 7,52 por 100 pessoa/ano. A probabilidade de sobrevida em 8,7 anos foi 85,9%, enquanto a probabilidade de sobrevida livre de doença no mesmo período foi 62,8%. O uso de trastuzumabe se mostrou efetivo no tratamento adjuvante do câncer de mama em um serviço público de saúde no Sul do Brasil. Fatores prognósticos associados com pior sobrevida ou recidiva não influenciaram na história natural da doença, exceto doença localmente avançada no início do tratamento. Os dados apresentados podem vir a ser úteis em auxiliar na tomada de decisão sobre a manutenção ou não do uso do trastuzumabe no tratamento do câncer de mama inicial ou localmente avançado no serviço público de saúde brasileiro.

Resumen: Este artículo reflexiona en torno a la organización, posibilidades y requerimientos prácticos para el desarrollo del trabajo interdisciplinar en el marco de los nuevos contextos de intervención de la antropología forense. En tanto antropología aplicada, en la antropología forense cobra una especial importancia la reflexión en torno a los contextos sociales donde se enmarca su práctica. Las influencias recíprocas entre ciencia y sociedad, que atraviesan las formas y usos prácticos de la antropología, en el caso de la antropología forense y sus ámbitos de actividad adquieren múltiples dimensiones y consideraciones. Dichas influencias tienen una clara proyección e impacto social dentro de procesos judiciales, en el esclarecimiento de investigaciones criminales o contribuyendo a la defensa de los derechos humanos en contextos de conflicto y violencia política. Vinculado a todas estas consideraciones se presenta un análisis y revisión de las prácticas y técnicas científicas de la antropología forense. En ellas se argumenta que la patente función aplicada de esta disciplina no debe llevar a confundir el compromiso social de aportar datos y evidencias fiables en su contribución al trabajo legal con posturas ideológicas o intereses políticos concretos, que puedan sesgar o comprometer el rigor de su tarea científica. Tales consideraciones en torno a las cuestiones epistemológicas y éticas de la práctica de la antropología forense cobran un peso especial alrededor del estudio e intervención en contextos de violencia política y conflictos civiles, rodeados de fuertes debates ideológicos y políticos. La revisión del papel del antropólogo forense en estos marcos de trabajo pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una actitud de vigilancia epistemológica y de reflexividad respecto a sus prácticas (y los contextos de estas). Así, se debe garantizar posiciones de neutralidad y objetividad en el trabajo antropológico desde una actitud de vigilancia, autocrítica y reflexión, de especial importancia en torno a temas socialmente sensibles y con problemáticas extensiones en el campo de las ideas y la política.

Abstract: This article reflects on the organization, possibilities, and practical requirements for the development of interdisciplinary work under the new contexts of intervention of forensic anthropology. As an applied anthropology, reflection on the social contexts in which forensic anthropology is practiced is of particular importance. The reciprocal influences of science and society, which cross the forms and practical uses of anthropology, acquire multiple dimensions and considerations in the case of forensic anthropology and its fields of activity. These influences have a clear projection and social impact in judicial processes, in the clarification of criminal investigations or contributing to the defense of human rights in contexts of conflict and political violence. An analysis and review of the scientific practices and techniques of forensic anthropology is presented in relation to all these considerations. It is argued that the obvious applied function of this discipline should not lead to mistaking the social commitment to provide reliable data and evidence in its contribution to legal work with ideological positions or specific political interests, which may bias or compromise the rigor of its scientific work. Such considerations on epistemological and ethical issues in the practice of forensic anthropology are particularly relevant when studying and intervening in contexts of political violence and civil conflicts, which are surrounded by strong ideological and political debates. The review of the role of the forensic anthropologist in these contexts highlights the need for an attitude of epistemological vigilance and reflexivity with respect to his or her practices (and the contexts of these). Positions of neutrality and objectivity must therefore be guaranteed in anthropological work, and these must be based on an attitude of vigilance, self-criticism, and reflection, of particular importance in relation to socially sensitive issues and with problematic extensions in the field of ideas and politics.

Resumo: Neste artigo, é refletido sobre a organização, possibilidades e requisitos práticos para desenvolver o trabalho interdisciplinar nos novos contextos de intervenção da antropologia forense. Como antropologia aplicada, na antropologia forense, a reflexão sobre os contextos sociais onde se delimita sua prática ganha especial importância. As influências recíprocas entre ciência e sociedade, que atravessam as formas e usos práticos da antropologia, no caso da antropologia forense e seus âmbitos de atividade, adquirem múltiplas dimensões e considerações. Essas influências têm uma clara projeção e impacto social dentro de processos judiciais, no esclarecimento de investigações criminais ou contribuindo para a defesa dos direitos humanos em contextos de conflito e violência política. Vinculado a todas essas considerações, são apresentadas análise e revisão das práticas e técnicas científicas da antropologia forense. Nelas, é argumentado que a patente função aplicada dessa disciplina não deve levar a confundir o compromisso social de contribuir com dados e evidências confiáveis em seu apoio para o trabalho legal com posicionamentos ideológicos ou interesses políticos concretos, que podem enviesar ou comprometer o rigor de sua tarefa científica. Essas considerações em torno das questões epistemológicas e éticas da prática da antropologia forense ganham um peso especial ao redor do estudo e intervenção em contextos de violência política e conflitos civis, permeados de fortes debates ideológicos e políticos. A verificação do papel do antropólogo forense nesses âmbitos de trabalho expressa a necessidade de uma atitude de vigilância epistemológica e de reflexão a respeito de suas práticas (e os contextos destas). Assim, devem-se garantir posicionamentos de neutralidade e objetividade no trabalho antropológico, a partir de uma atitude de vigilância, autocrítica e reflexão, de especial importância sobre temas socialmente sensíveis e com problemáticas extensões no campo das ideias e da política.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness in a real-world study of adjuvant trastuzumab in women with HER-2+ initial breast cancer in overall survival and recurrence-free survival. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with women who had HER-2+ breast cancer treated with trastuzumab from July 2012 to May 2017 and followed up until July 2021. The death rate was 2.62 per 100 persons/year, and the incidence rate of recurrence was 7.52 per 100 persons/year. The probability of survival at 8.7 years was 85.9%, while the probability of recurrence-free survival in the same period was 62.8%. The use of trastuzumab proved to be effective in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer in a public health service in southern Brazil. Prognostic factors associated with worse overall survival or relapse did not influence the natural history of the disease, except locally advanced disease at the beginning of treatment. The data presented may prove to be useful in helping to make decisions about whether to use trastuzumab in the treatment of initial or locally advanced breast cancer in the Brazilian SUS.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a efetividade em estudo de vida real do trastuzumabe adjuvante em mulheres com câncer de mama inicial HER-2 positivo na sobrevida global e livre de recidiva. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectiva em mulheres com câncer de mama inicial HER-2 positivo atendidas no SUS, desde a incorporação da medicação. Trata-se de uma coorte retrospectiva com mulheres com câncer de mama HER-2 positivo, que foram tratadas entre julho de 2012 e maio de 2017 com seguimento até julho de 2021. A taxa de incidência de óbito foi de 2,62 por 100 pessoa/ano e a de recidiva foi de 7,52 por 100 pessoa/ano. A probabilidade de sobrevida em 8,7 anos foi 85,9%, enquanto a probabilidade de sobrevida livre de doença no mesmo período foi 62,8%. O uso de trastuzumabe se mostrou efetivo no tratamento adjuvante do câncer de mama em um serviço público de saúde no Sul do Brasil. Fatores prognósticos associados com pior sobrevida ou recidiva não influenciaram na história natural da doença, exceto doença localmente avançada no início do tratamento. Os dados apresentados podem vir a ser úteis em auxiliar na tomada de decisão sobre a manutenção ou não do uso do trastuzumabe no tratamento do câncer de mama inicial ou localmente avançado no serviço público de saúde brasileiro.

This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study carried out with students regularly enrolled in undergraduate courses at eight Brazilian IFES. Data collection was conducted between October 2021 and February 2022 using an online self-completed questionnaire, which addressed sociodemographic and academic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and health conditions. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Variables were analyzed descriptively using frequency distribution and Pearson’s chi-square test. To estimate the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression, the proportion and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used. The level of adopted statistical significance was 5%.

ABSTRACT Quarterly collections of demersal fish were conducted between 2014 and 2018 on the adjacent continental shelf and in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to determine the abundance, richness, and composition of demersal fish assemblages and to list predictor variables responsible for the variability in these ecological descriptors by applying generalized linear models. The collected specimens of demersal fish (n = 25,179) were distributed across 19 orders, 31 families, and 72 species. Fish richness was explained by the following predictor variables: the percentage of fine sand in the sediment, the richness of the benthic megafauna, and sampling sites. The abundance was associated with the predictor variables of the percentage of very fine sand in the sediment, percentage of silt in the sediment, salinity, and sampling sites. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the fish assemblage composition was strongly associated with the salinity gradient and positively correlated with benthic megafaunal species richness. As it is one of the last remnants of the Atlantic Forest, declared by UNESCO as a Natural Heritage of Humanity, the patterns observed in this study will support PEC's coastal management of current developmental demands, particularly related to port activities.

Abstract Inborn errors of metabolism are rare disorders with few therapeutic options for their treatments, which can make patients suffer with complications. Therefore, compounded drugs might be a promising option given that they have the ability of meeting the patient’s specific needs, (i) identification of the main drugs described in the literature; (ii) proposal of compounding systems and (iii) calculation of the budgetary addition for the inclusion of these drugs into the Brazilian Unified Health System. The research conducted a literature review and used management data as well as data obtained from official Federal District government websites. The study identified 31 drugs for the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism. Fifty eight percent (58%) (18) of the medicines had their current demand identified, which are currently unmet by the local Health System. The estimated budget for the production of compounded drugs was of R$363,16.98 per year for approximately 300 patients. This estimated cost represents a budgetary addition of only 0.17% from the total of expenditures planned for drug acquirement. There is a therapeutic gap for inborn errors of metabolism and compounding pharmacies show potential in ensuring access to medicine therapy with a low-cost investment.

ABSTRACT The Caatinga biome in Brazil comprises the largest and most continuous expanse of the seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) worldwide; nevertheless, it is among the most threatened and least studied, despite its ecological and biogeographical importance. The spatial distribution of volumetric wood stocks in the Caatinga and the relationship with environmental factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study intends to quantify and analyze the spatial distribution of wood volume as a function of environmental variables in Caatinga vegetation in Bahia State, Brazil. Volumetric estimates were obtained at the plot and fragment level. The multiple linear regression techniques were adopted, using environmental variables in the area as predictors. Spatial modeling was performed using the geostatistical kriging approach with the model residuals. The model developed presented a reasonable fit for the volume m3 ha with r2 of 0.54 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 10.9 m3 ha–1. The kriging of ordinary residuals suggested low error estimates in unsampled locations and balance in the under and overestimates of the model. The regression kriging approach provided greater detailing of the global wood volume stock map, yielding volume estimates that ranged from 0.01 to 109 m3 ha–1. Elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation of the driest month are strong environmental predictors for volume estimation. This information is necessary to development action plans for sustainable management and use of the Caatinga SDTF in Bahia State, Brazil.

Abstract Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the protozoon Leishmania infantum, an important agent of zoonotic concern. In this study we determined the seroprevalence, risk factors and spatial distribution of infection by L. infantum among dogs in the Pajeú microregion of the Sertão region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Canine serum samples (n = 247) were tested using the Dual Path Platform (DPP®) rapid screening test and ELISA/S7® confirmatory test; and risk factors were assessed through univariate analysis and logistical regression. The spatial distribution of reactive dogs was analyzed by drawing a map using QGIS. Seroprevalence of 13.7% (34/247) was detected, with cases predominating in the municipality of Tabira (26.4%; 9/34). Age above 10 years was considered to be a risk factor associated with the presence of anti-L. infantum antibodies. The high overall prevalence and spatial distribution of positive cases showed wide dispersion of reagents dogs in the study area. Therefore, preventive measures are needed in order to reduce the risk of infection for animals and humans.

Resumo Leishmaniose Visceral Canina é uma doença causada pelo protozoário Leishmania infantum, importante agente zoonótico. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a soroprevalência, avaliar os fatores de risco e a distribuição espacial da infecção por L. infantum em cães da microrregião do Pajeú, Sertão de Pernambuco, Brasil. Amostras de soro canino (n=247) foram testadas (“Dual Path Platform Rapid Test” - TR DPP® (triagem); ELISA/S7 (confirmatório)), e os fatores de risco avaliados por meio de análise univariada e regressão logística. A distribuição espacial dos cães reagentes foi analisada por meio de mapas confeccionados no programa QGIS. Detectou-se soroprevalência de 13,7% (34/247), com predominância dos casos no município de Tabira (26,4%; 9/34). A idade acima de 10 anos foi considerada fator de risco associado à presença de anticorpos anti-L. infantum. A alta prevalência e distribuição espacial dos casos positivos revelou ampla dispersão de cães reagentes na área de estudo. Portanto, medidas preventivas são necessárias a fim de reduzir o risco de infecção para os animais e humanos.

ABSTRACT Parkia platycephala, known commonly as faveira, is a native species that occurs widely throughout Brazil and has high nutritional value and ecological potential. The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic variability in a P. platycephala provenance and progeny test. The test was established using a randomized block design, with 45 progenies from three provenances. The evaluated quantitative traits included height (HEI), diameter at ground level (DGL), and diameter below the first bifurcation (DFB). The data were submitted to Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP) analysis, from which estimates of genetic parameters, genetic correlations, BLUPs, genetic gains, and effective population size were obtained. Estimates of individual narrow sense heritability ( h a 2) and within progeny heritability ( h w 2) ranged from low to moderate (0.01 a 0.39), with the highest values observed for DGL (0.32 and 0.39, respectively). The coefficient of individual variation (CVgi(%)) and between progeny genetic variation (CVgp(%)) indicate the existence of genetic variability between and within provenances. The FSTvalues demonstrate low to moderate genetic differentiation among the three populations, and genetic correlations between traits were all positive and significant. The results obtained show that there is genetic variability between the studied provenances and progenies. This ensures not only the ex situ conservation of the species, but it can also be exploited in breeding programs.

RESUMO Parkia platycephala, popularmente conhecida como faveira, é uma espécie nativa que ocorre amplamente em todo o Brasil e possui alto valor nutricional e potencial ecológico. Objetivou-se com o trabalho estimar a variabilidade genética em teste de procedências e progênies de P. platycephala. O teste foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com 45 progênies de três procedências. Os caracteres quantitativos avaliados foram: altura (ALT), diâmetro a nível do solo (DNS) e diâmetro a altura da primeira bifurcação (DAB) das plantas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de REML/BLUP, a partir da qual foram obtidas as estimativas de parâmetros genéticos, correlações genéticas, os BLUP’s, ganhos genéticos e tamanho efetivo populacional. As estimativas de herdabilidade individual no sentido restrito ( h a 2) e dentro progênies ( h w 2) variaram de baixa a moderada (0,01 a 0,39), sendo os maiores valores observados para o caractere DNS (0,32 e 0,39, respectivamente). Os valores de coeficiente de variação genética individual CVgi(%)) e entre progênies (CVgp(%)) indicam existência de variabilidade genética entre e dentro de população. Os valores de FSTdemonstraram baixa a moderada diferenciação genética entre as três populações. As correlações genéticas entre os caracteres foram todas positivas e significativas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que há variabilidade genética entre as procedências e progênies estudadas. Isso garante não só a conservação ex situ da espécie, como também pode ser explorada em programas de melhoramento

Abstract The construction of dams causes changes in river variables, as a result of direct changes in their hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. One of the most notable changes is the flow regulation, which reduces seasonal events and the hydrostatic pressure exerted by freshwater, increasing the saltwater wedge intrusion into the system. Changing the salinity regime causes modifications in downstream ecosystems as well as in the distribution and composition of the fish fauna. In Brazil, the São Francisco River stands out, which has a system of cascading dams, built between the 70’s and 90’s. Because of these changes caused in the natural course of the river, this study aimed to analyze the patterns of composition and occurrence of the ichthyofauna at the mouth of the São Francisco River and relate them to the physical and chemical variables of the region. In order to evaluate the patterns of composition and occurrence of the fish fauna at the mouth of the São Francisco River, monthly trawls were conducted along the bank and physical and chemical variables were analyzed in the river channel over a period of one year. The relationship between abundance and species richness with environmental variables was verified using Generalized Linear Models. A total of 101,958 fish belonging to 87 taxa were caught, with emphasis on marine fish, both in number of individuals (99.92%) and in biomass (99.31%). A spatial gradient was detected, in which sites 1 and 2 were under marine influence, sites 3 and 4 represented the transition between the environments and site 5 was under the influence of brackish and freshwater. In general, the effect of the São Francisco River dams on the fish fauna was observed, with a predominance of fauna with more estuarine and less freshwater characteristics.

Resumo A construção de barragens provoca alterações nas variáveis dos rios, em decorrência de mudanças diretas em seus ciclos hidrológicos e biogeoquímicos. Uma das mudanças mais notáveis é a regulação do fluxo, que reduz os eventos sazonais e a pressão hidrostática exercida pela água doce, aumentando a intrusão das cunhas da água salgada no sistema. Mudar o regime de salinidade causa modificações nos ecossistemas a jusante, bem como na distribuição e composição da ictiofauna. No Brasil, destaca-se o Rio São Francisco, que possui um sistema de barragens em cascata, construído entre as décadas de 70 e 90. Por causa dessas alterações causadas no curso natural do rio, o presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar os padrões de composição e ocorrência da ictiofauna da foz do rio São Francisco e relacioná-los com as variáveis físicas e químicas da região. Para avaliar os padrões de composição e ocorrência da ictiofauna foram realizados arrastos mensais ao longo da margem e analisadas as variáveis físicas e químicas no canal do rio ao longo de um ano. A relação entre abundância e riqueza de espécies de peixes com as variáveis ambientais foi verificada por meio de Modelos Lineares Generalizados. Foram capturados 101.958 peixes pertencentes a 87 táxons, com destaque para peixes marinhos, tanto em número de indivíduos (99,92%) quanto em biomassa (99,31%). Um gradiente espacial foi detectado, em que os pontos 1 e 2 estavam sob influência marinha, os pontos 3 e 4 representavam a transição entre os ambientes e o ponto 5 estava sob a influência de água doce e salobra. De maneira geral, foi observado o efeito das barragens do rio São Francisco sobre a ictiofauna, com predomínio de fauna com características mais estuarinas e menos dulcícolas.