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Pandemic grief in El Salvador: factors that predict dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults
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Lobos-Rivera, Marlon Elías

; Flores-Monterrosa, Angélica Nohemy

; Tejada-Rodríguez, Jennifer Carolina

; Chacón-Andrade, Edgardo René

; Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás

; Lee, Sherman A.

; Valencia, Pablo D.

; Carbajal-León, Carlos

; Vilca, Lindsey W.

; Reyes-Bossio, Mario

; Gallegos, Miguel

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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2023, Volume 36 elocation 9

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans ( M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety ( p = .003), depression ( p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession ( p = .032) were significant ( χ 2 = 84.31; Nagelkerke R 2 = .242) and predict a 24.2% chance of dysfunctional bereavement.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00250-6

Cross-cultural invariance of the Spanish version of the COVID-19 Assessment Scorecard to measure the perception of government actions against COVID-19 in Latin America
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Caycho-Rodríguez, Tomás

; Valencia, Pablo D.

; Ventura-León, José

; Carbajal-León, Carlos

; Vilca, Lindsey W.

; Reyes-Bossio, Mario

; Delgado-Campusano, Mariel

; Yupanqui-Lorenzo, Daniel E.

; Paredes-Angeles, Rubí

; Rojas-Jara, Claudio

; Gallegos, Miguel

; Cervigni, Mauricio

; Martino, Pablo

; Polanco-Carrasco, Roberto

; Palacios, Diego Alejandro

; Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo

; Samaniego-Pinho, Antonio

; Rivera, Marlon Elías Lobos

; Figares, Andrés Buschiazzo

; Puerta-Cortés, Diana Ximena

; Corrales-Reyes, Ibraín Enrique

; Calderón, Raymundo

; Gallegos, Walter L. Arias

; Petzold, Olimpia

; Camargo, Andrés

; Torales, Julio

; Blanco, J. Arkangel Monge

; González, Pedronel

; Smith-Castro, Vanessa

; Rivera, Wendy Yamilet Matute

; Ferrufino-Borja, Daniela

; Ceballos-Vásquez, Paula

; Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia, Agueda

; Palacios, Jorge

; Burgos-Videla, Carmen

; León, Ana María Eduviges Florez

; Vergara, Ibeth

; Vega, Diego

; Barria-Asenjo, Nicol A.

; Schulmeyer, Marion K.

; Rios, Hassell Tatiana Urrutia

; Lira, Arelly Esther Lira

Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica

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2023, Volume 36 elocation 34

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of a general measure of the perception of governmental responses to COVID-|19 (COVID-SCORE-10) in the general population of 13 Latin American countries. Methods A total of 5780 individuals from 13 Latin American and Caribbean countries selected by non-probabilistic snowball sampling participated. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed and the alignment method was used to evaluate invariance. Additionally, a graded response model was used for the assessment of item characteristics. Results The results indicate that there is approximate measurement invariance of the COVID-SCORE-10 among the participating countries. Furthermore, IRT results suggest that the COVID-SCORE-10 measures with good psychometric ability a broad spectrum of the construct assessed, especially around average levels. Comparison of COVID-SCORE-10 scores indicated that participants from Cuba, Uruguay and El Salvador had the most positive perceptions of government actions to address the pandemic. Thus, the underlying construct of perception of government actions was equivalent in all countries. Conclusion The results show the importance of initially establishing the fundamental measurement properties and MI before inferring the cross-cultural universality of the construct to be measured.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-023-00277-9

Breve historia del pensamiento económico, Heinz D. Kurz
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Carbajal Cortés, Raúl

Investigación económica

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dec 2022, Volume 81 N. 322 Pages 133 - 138

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2022.322.83638

Bioprinting as a food production technique: conceptual and ethical aspects, advantages and disadvantages, and applications
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Carbajal-Gamboa, G. A.

; Ostolaza-Saz, A. E.

; Dueñas-Parapar, D. A.

; Casanova, J. L.

; Gonzales-Molfino, H. M.

Scientia Agropecuaria

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jul 2022, Volume 13 N. 3 Pages 231 - 238

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract 3D bioprinters present techniques that have various applications in the food industry. For this reason, this work aims to compile and review various research works focused on the utilities and advantages of this type of machinery. Where we first mention the basis of these bioprinting techniques and then proceed to highlight the bioethical issues that surround their application in the food industry, analyze the current advantages and disadvantages, the user that has been given in the production of food for astronauts, and also mention some of the research that has been taking place in Latin America and the world. The greatest advantage of 3D bioprinting of food is the speed of production compared to traditional manufacturing methods, allowing one to obtain food with various geometric shapes; it allows control of the nutritional value, and the texture of the product, reduces environmental pollution and has the advantage of being able to take advantage of the greater performance of the materials required for production. Additionally, this technology is considered an alternative production technique that will be used to solve the problem of feeding in places of scarce resources such as space and areas not suitable for animal husbandry.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.021

Un nuevo método no invasivo en la valoración integral de la fibrilación auricular por tomografía cardíaca
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Morelos-Guzmán, Martha

; Minero-García, Larissa

; Jaramillo-Almaguer, José E.

; Chávez-Carbajal, José F.

; Arean-Martínez, Carlos A.

; Vargas-Espinosa, Juan M.

; Viveros-Sandoval, Martha E.

; Campos-González, Israel D.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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mar 2021, Volume 91 N. 1 Pages 42 - 49

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical utility and feasibility of the multidetector cardiac tomography (MDCT) in multi-parametric imaging assessment in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Material and methods: Prospective case-control study in 84 subjects (54 AF subjects and 30 healthy subjects). Left atrial appendage (LAA) morphology was classified as: cactus, chicken wing, wind sock, cauliflower. Intra-cardiac thrombus, stroke history and CHA2DS2-VASC scale were compared to cardiac MDCT atrial imaging assessment. Results: Left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) and LAA ejection fraction (LAAEF) were lower in AF subjects (p < 0.001), left atrial volume index (LAVI) was higher in AF subjects (p < 0.001). An inverse correlation between LAEF and LAVI was found (r = −0.38, p < 0.001). Cauliflower LAA morphology frequency was higher in AF subjects, whereas cactus LAA morphology frequency was higher in controls. Cauliflower LAA morphology was associated with thrombus presence (p < 0.01) as well as a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score. Flow velocity were lower in AF subject compared to controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion: MDCT is a novel, non-invasive, worldwide available method for an integral assessment in AF. Our results could improve precision, clinical utility and risk stratification analysis in AF. Our proposal is to include this new method into the global cardiovascular and thrombotic risk assessment in AF patients.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la utilidad clínica y la viabilidad de la tomografía cardíaca multidetector (TCMD) en la valoración de pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA). Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo de casos y controles en 84 sujetos (54 con FA y 30 controles). La morfología de la orejuela izquierda (OI) se clasificó en cactus, ala de pollo, manga de viento y coliflor. La presencia de trombo en la OI, el antecedente de accidente cerebrovascular y la escala CHA2DS2-VASc se compararon con parámetros obtenidos por TCMD. Resultados: La fracción de expulsión de la aurícula izquierda (FEAI) y la fracción de expulsión de la orejuela izquierda (FEOI) fueron más bajas en los individuos con FA (p < 0.001). El volumen indexado de la aurícula izquierda (VIAI) fue mayor en los pacientes con FA (p < 0.001). Se observó una correlación inversa entre la FEAI y el VIAI (r = -0.38, p < 0.001). La morfología tipo coliflor fue la más frecuente en enfermos con FA, mientras que la de tipo cactus predominó en los controles. La de tipo coliflor fue la más relacionada con presencia de trombos (p < 0.01), así como una calificación CHA2DS2-VASc alta. La velocidad de flujo fue menor en los pacientes con FA (p < 0.001). Conclusión: La TCMD es un método novedoso y no invasivo para una valoración integral en la FA. Los resultados de este estudio podrían mejorar la precisión, la utilidad clínica y el análisis de estratificación del riesgo en la FA. Los autores proponen incluir este nuevo método en la valoración integral del riesgo tromboembólico en pacientes con FA.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.20000044 460 downloads

Protector effect of beta-glucans from shrimp pond-related yeasts in Penaeus vannamei rearing under white spot syndrome virus presence
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Ochoa-Álvarez, Norma A.

; Casillas-Hernández, Ramón

; Magallón-Barajas, Francisco J.

; Ramirez-Orozco, Jesús M.

; Carbajal-Millan, Elizabeth

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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mar 2021, Volume 49 N. 1 Pages 18 - 28

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT This research study tested the protective effect of prolonged exposure of shrimp food supplemented with glucans from shrimp-pond related yeasts on shrimp Penaeus vannamei reared under the presence of the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The glucans extracted and purified from isolated marine yeasts identified as Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida tropicalis, Candida humilis, Candida glabrata, Pichia kudriavzevyi, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and the terrestrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast were characterized by the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The treatments were prepared with food enriched with the yeast beta-glucans and the control groups without beta-glucans. Shrimp were fed thrice a day and challenged orally with WSSV on days 31, 54, 66 and muscularly at day 70. The animals were assessed for the protective effect in terms of post-infection total hemocyte counts, and survival rate. The results indicated that marine yeasts possessed ß-1,3/1,6-glucans, and that D. hansenii was an excellent source yielding 30% of its dry biomass of pure glucans. For the positive control group where no glucans were added, WSSV challenges showed 100% survival when the virus was provided orally, and 40% when the virus was injected. These results also indicated that the shrimp line selected for this study was a resistant line for WSSV. Shrimp groups fed with glucans of the marine yeasts D. hansenii and C. humillis showed a significant protection, allowing shrimp survival of 66% while terrestrial yeast showed 57.14%. These results indicated that marine yeasts growing in the shrimp pond were an excellent source of beta-glucans that allowed extra protection against the mortality caused by this pathogenic virus.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol49-issue1-fulltext-2514 114 downloads

Determinación de la actividad insecticida de la saponina de la quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) en larvas de Drosophila melanogaster
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Bonilla, H.

; Carbajal, Y.

; Gonzales, M.

; Vásquez, V.

; López, A.

Scientia Agropecuaria

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jan 2019, Volume 10 N. 1 Pages 39 - 45

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Chenopodium quinoa is an Andean phytoresource with great genetic variety and that has high agronomic-nutritive value, although the content of saponin gives a bitter taste that limits its commercialization; however, saponin can be used in other uses. The present study report s the water used to wash quinoa as a source of saponin and its use as an insecticide. The quantification of saponin was performed using the afrosimetric method. The non-hydrolyzed extracted saponin was identified by thin layer chromatography. To evaluate the birth rate of D. melanogaster individuals, they were exposed to different concentrations of saponin: 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.7% and 0.9%; as well as positive (borax) and negative controls. The electrophoresis of proteins from the salivary glands and intestine of larvae in the third stage of D. melanogaster shows evident differences in protein expression between (T) 0.4% and the rest of the treatments. In conclusion, saponin can be considered as an agent that hinders the larval survival of D. melanogaster because the response to it will vary according to the concentration used. It is advisable to use concentrations higher than 0.9% so that mortality is greater than 40% of individuals

Chenopodium quinoa es un fitorecurso andino con gran variedad genética y que posee alto valor agronómico-nutritivo, aunque el contenido de saponina otorga un sabor amargo que limita su comercialización; sin embargo, la saponina puede ser aprovechada en otros usos. El presente trabajo evalúa el aprovechamiento del agua de lavado de quinua como fuente de saponina y su empleo como insecticida. La cuantificación de saponina se realizó empleando el método afrosimétrico. La saponina extraída no hidrolizada se identificó mediante cromatografía de capa fina. Para evaluar la natalidad de individuos de D. melanogaster, se les expuso a distintas concentraciones de saponina: 0,1%, 0,4%, 0,7% y 0,9%; así como controles positivo (bórax) y negativo. La electroforesis de proteínas a partir de glándulas salivales e intestino de larvas en terce r estadío de D. melanogaster evidencia notorias diferencias en la expresión de proteínas entre el (T) 0,4% y el resto de tratamientos. En conclusión, la saponina puede ser considerada como un agente que dificulta la supervivencia larval de D. melanogaster debido a que la respuesta frente a éste variará conforme la concentración utilizada. Es recomendable utilizar concentraciones superiores a 0,9% para que la mortalidad sea mayor a 40% de individuos

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2019.01.04

Nefropatía por mieloma múltiple
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Solís-De la Rosa, F.

; Palma-Carbajal, R.

; Sarre-Álvarez, D.

; Félix-Bulman, J.

; Folch-Padilla, JE.

; Díaz-Greene, EJ.

; Rodríguez-Weber, FL.

Medicina interna de México

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oct 2017, Volume 33 N. 5 Pages 682 - 689

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Much of the patients with multiple myeloma present with signs and symptoms related to plasma cells infiltration or by the excess of kappa light chains. Kidney disease is common and has a heterogeneous pathophysiology that may involve different mechanisms. We present the case of a patient with suspected multiple myeloma because of low back pain, renal failure, anemia and hypercalcemia; without hipergammaglobulinemia in the electrophoresis, in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of kappa chains light in renal tissue; a review of current literature is made.

Resumen Gran parte de los pacientes con mieloma múltiple inician con signos y síntomas relacionados con la infiltración de células plasmáticas o el exceso de cadenas ligeras kappa. La enfermedad renal es común con enfermedad heterogénea que puede involucrar diferentes mecanismos. Se comunica el caso de un paciente con sospecha de mieloma múltiple debido a la existencia de lumbalgia, insuficiencia renal, anemia e hipercalcemia; con electroforesis de proteínas séricas negativa para hipergammaglobulinemia, en quien se confirmó el diagnóstico al demostrar la existencia de cadenas ligeras kappa en tejido renal; se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía actual.

https://doi.org/10.24245/mim.v33i5.1621 8725 downloads

Efecto del clorhidrato de clembuterol en la ganancia de peso y lesiones histológicas en ratones
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Valladares-Carranza, Benjamín

; Bañuelos-Valenzuela, Rómulo

; Peña-Betancourt, Silvia D.

; Velázquez-Ordóñez, Valente

; Echavarría-Cháirez, Francisco G.

; Ortega-Santana, César

; Sánchez-Torres, Juan E.

; Lozano-Carbajal, Braulio

Revista de Medicina Veterinaria

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jul 2017, N. 35 Pages 129 - 136

Abstract: Es En Pt | Text: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen El clorhidrato de clembuterol (CCL) es un p-agonista promotor del crecimiento en animales para abasto, pero su uso ilícito ha generado repercusiones en salud pública. Se realizó un modelo biológico con ratones, con el objeto de evaluar el efecto del CCL sobre la ganancia de peso y las lesiones histológicas que ocasiona. Los ratones fueron alimentados con carne de conejo, que previamente fue suplementada con CCL. Treinta y cinco días posexposición se registró el peso corporal; se obtuvo la concentración muscular y sérica de CCL a través de la prueba de ELISA, y se colectaron tejidos (hígado y corazón) para análisis histopatológico. Los valores obtenidos de los animales experimentales (G1 y G2) se analizaron mediante un diseño experimental completamente al azar con dos tratamientos (n = 10), sometidos a un análisis de varianza y comparación de medias con la prueba de Tukey (p < 0,05). Se registró un incremento de peso corporal de 7 g en el G1, contra 4,0 g del G2. El peso del hígado fue de 2,58 g y 1,79, respectivamente (p < 0,05). En el G1 la concentración muscular de CCL fue 5324 pg g-1 y en suero sanguíneo de 4378 pg g-1. Solo se observaron cambios histológicos en tejidos de los ratones del G1. El hígado mostró tumefacción celular, mitosis moderada, picnosis y degeneración hidrópica; en corazón, engrosamiento de fibras, pleomorfismo e hileración nuclear. El CCL favoreció el incremento de peso en los ratones expuestos, y provocó alteraciones estructurales en hígado y corazón.

Abstract Clenbuterol hydrochloride (CLB) is a growth-promoting p-agonist in animals for supply, but its illicit use has generated repercussions on public health. A biological model with mice was developed to evaluate the effect of CLB on weight gain and histological lesions. Mice were fed rabbit meat, which was previously supplemented with CLB. Body weight was recorded 35 days post-exposure; muscular and serum concentration of CLB was obtained through the ELISA test, and tissues were collected from liver and heart for histopathological analysis. Values obtained from the experimental animals (G1 and G2) were analyzed by a completely randomized experimental design with two treatments (n = 10), subjected to an analysis of variance and comparison of means with the Tukey test (p<0.05). There was an increase of 7 g in body weight in G1, compared to 4.0 g in G2. Liver weight was 2.58 g and 1.79, respectively (p<0.05). In G1, CLB concentration in muscle was 5324 pg.g-1, and 4378 pg.g-1 in blood serum. Only histological changes were observed in the tissues of Gl mice. Liver showed cellular swelling, moderate mitosis, pyknosis and hydropic degeneration; in addition, fiber thickening, pleomorphism and nuclear atypia were observed in the heart. CLB contributed to weight gain in exposed mice and caused structural alterations in liver and heart.

Resumo O cloridrato de clembuterol (CCL) é um b-agonista promotor do crescimento em animais para abate, porém o seu uso ilícito tem gerado repercussões em saúde pública. Fezse um modelo biológico com ratos, com o objeto de avaliar o efeito do CCL sobre o ganho de peso e as lesões histológicas que ocasiona. Os ratos foram alimentados com carne de coelho, que previamente foi suplementada com CCL. Trinta e cinco dias pós-exposição se registrou o peso corporal; obteve-se a concentração muscular e sérica de CCL através da prova de ELISA, e foram coletados tecidos (fígado e coração) para análise histopatológica. Os valores obtidos dos animais experimentais (Gl e G2) foram analisados mediante um desenho experimental completamente ao acaso com dois tratamentos (n = 10), submetidos a uma análise de variações e comparação de médias com a prova de Tukey (p < 0,05). Registrou-se um aumento de peso corporal de 7 g no G1, contra 4,0 g do G2. O peso do fígado foi de 2,58 g e 1,79, respectivamente (p < 0,05). No G1 a concentração muscular de CCL foi 5324 pg g-1 e em soro sanguíneo de 4378 pg g-1. Somente foram observadas mudanças histológicas em tecidos dos ratos do G1. O fígado apresentou inchaço celular, mitose moderada, picnose e degeneração hidrópica; no coração, engrossamento de fibras, pleomorfismo e filamento nuclear. O CCL favoreceu o aumento de peso nos ratos expostos, e provocou alterações estruturais em fígado e coração.

https://doi.org/10.19052/mv.4395 5345 downloads

10.

Mejora de la Señal de Flujo Sanguíneo en Implantes Coronarios Mediante la Detección de Distorsiones Eventuales
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Torres Guzmán, D.

; Carbajal Fernández, C.S.

Revista mexicana de ingeniería biomédica

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2015, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 33 - 53

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

This paper aims to implement a method for signals processing in biomedical applications based on Doppler ultrasound techniques. The method is aimed to obtain a better representation of the blood flow signal, and it is based on the detection and exclusion of signal cycles detected as affected by eventual noise. This allows, in robust and reliable way, to estimate parameters and extract useful clinical information, in order to make accurate diagnoses on the functionality of the scanned object. The results of applying the method to two blood flow signals in coronary implants are presented, and it is observed that the estimation of the clinical indices improve when affected cycles are excluded of the signal analysis.

Se presenta un método para el procesamiento de señales en aplicaciones médicas que utilizan técnicas de diagnóstico basadas en ultrasonido Doppler. El método está orientado a obtener una mejor representación de la señal de flujo sanguíneo, a partir de la identificación y exclusión de los ciclos, de dicha señal, que se encuentran afectados por distorsiones eventuales. Esto permite, de manera robusta y confiable, estimar parámetros y extraer información clínicamente útil con el objetivo de formular diagnósticos precisos sobre la funcionalidad del objeto examinado. Se muestran los resultados de la aplicación del método sobre señales reales de flujo sanguíneo obtenidas durante procedimientos de revascularización coronaria y se demuestra que la estimación de los índices clínicos de interés mejora considerablemente cuando los ciclos detectados como afectados por ruido eventual son excluidos del análisis.

1219 downloads

11.

Habitat use by the "Escamolera" ant (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) in central Mexico
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Cruz-Labana, J. D.

; Tarango-Arámbula, L. A.

; Alcántara-Carbajal, J. L.

; Pimentel-López, J.

; Ugalde-Lezama, S.

; Ramírez-Valverde, G.

; Méndez-Gallegos, S. J.

Agrociencia

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sep 2014, Volume 48 N. 6 Pages 569 - 582

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In rural areas of Mexico, the native "escamolera" ant (Liometopum apiculatum Mayr) is socioeconomically important. However, this ant is being exploited unsustainably, and studies of habitat of this species in central Mexico are nonexistent. During spring-summer 2012, fourteen habitat variables were evaluated, habitat use by the ant was identified and its nest density was estimated. Data were analyzed with stepwise logistic regression, correspondence analysis, Chi-square and simultaneous Bonferroni confidence intervals analyses, and the minimum Akaike Information Criteria. The variables that better described the presence of the ant were width of the agave pineapple, percentage of agaves infested with scale insects, woody plant-cacti-agave density, soil cover and terrain slope. The probability of finding nests increased (odds ratio> 1) when the width of the agave pineapple and the percentage of agaves with scale insects increased. In contrast, the probability decreased (odds ratio< 1) when the slope of the terrain and bare soil increased. The ant selected (p≤0.05) flat terrain (0-10 % slope) and southwest-facing slopes, but avoided microphyllous shrub habitats, moderately flat terrain (1-20 % slope), southeast-facing slopes and terrain of the lowest available elevation (1940-2050 m). Soil cover at nests sites was composed of grasses (27.5 %), bare soil (24.5 %), rock (20.2 %), herbs (20.2 %) and shrubs (7.6 %). The nest density was higher (α=0.05) in the moderate level of disturbance (11.9 nests ha-1). The ant did not use habitat components according to their availability, avoided bare soil, land with low elevation and selected the slopes with southwest exposure.

En las zonas rurales de México, la hormiga nativa "escamolera" (Liometopun apiculatum Mayr) tiene importancia socioeconómica. Sin embargo, esta hormiga es explotada de manera no sustentable y no existen estudios del hábitat de esta especie en el centro de México. Durante la primavera verano de 2012, se evaluaron catorce variables del hábitat, se identificó el uso del hábitat por la hormiga y se estimó su densidad de nidos. Los datos se analizaron con regresión logística por pasos (stepwise), análisis de correspondencia, Ji cuadrada y análisis simultáneos de intervalos de confianza Bonferroni, así como el Criterio de Información Akaike mínimo. Las variables que describen mejor la presencia de la hormiga fueron ancho de la piña del agave, porcentaje de agaves infestados con insectos escama, densidad de plantas leñosas-cactus-agaves, cobertura del suelo y pendiente del terreno. La probabilidad de encontrar nidos se incrementó (tasa de probabilidad > 1) cuando aumentaron el ancho de la piña del agave y el porcentaje de agaves con insectos escama. En contraste, la probabilidad disminuyó (relación de probabilidad < 1) cuando la pendiente del terreno y el suelo desnudo aumentaron. Las hormigas seleccionaron (p≤0.05) terrenos planos (0-10 % de pendiente) y pendientes hacia el suroeste, pero evitaron los hábitats de matorral micrófilo, terrenos moderadamente planos (1-20 % de pendiente), pendientes hacia el sureste y terrenos con la menor elevación disponible (1940-2050 m). La cobertura de suelo en los sitios de nido estuvo compuesta de pastos (27.5 %), suelo desnudo (24.5 %), roca (20.2 %), hierbas (20.2 %) y matorrales (7.6 %). La densidad de nidos fue mayor (α=0.05) en el nivel moderado de perturbación (11.9 nidos ha-1). Las hormigas no usaron los componentes del hábitat con base en su disponibilidad, evitaron el suelo desnudo y los terrenos con baja elevación, y eligieron las pendientes con exposición hacia el suroeste.

2978 downloads

12.

Brownian motion of a colloidal particle immersed in a polymeric solution near a rigid wall
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Arenas-Gómez, B. L.

; Carbajal-Tinoco, M. D.

Revista mexicana de física

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jun 2014, Volume 60 N. 3 Pages 243 - 248

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

By using three-dimensional digital video microscopy (DVM-3D), we study the displacement of a Brownian particle immersed in a polymeric solution located near a rigid wall. The technique takes advantage of the diffraction pattern generated by a fluorescent particle that is found below the focal plane of an optical microscope. The particle is then tracked from the analysis of a sequence of digitized images to reconstruct its trajectory, which provides relevant information about the properties of the system. In a first stage, we obtain the mean square displacement (MSD) of a spherical probe dissolved in a viscoelastic solution. This MSD is then used to determine the elastic and viscous moduli of the suspension. Such measurements are consistent with bulk measurements performed by means of two techniques, namely, diffusing wave spectroscopy and mechanical rheology. Near the rigid wall, the motion of the probe particle can be split in two directions, i.e., parallel and perpendicular to the surface. For short times (but still in the Brownian regime), such motion can be characterized by means of two distance dependent friction coefficients. We observe deviations of the measured friction coefficients in comparison with the Newtonian behavior.

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13.

La equidad y la salud en el trabajo: explorando un área emergente
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Haro-García, Luis

; Aguilar-Madrid, Guadalupe

; Juárez-Pérez, Cuauhtémoc A.

; Aguilar-Rodríguez, Sara D.

; Flores-Carbajal, Guillermo

; Gea-Izquierdo, Enrique

; Sánchez-Román, Francisco R.

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública

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dec 2013, Volume 30 N. 4 Pages 671 - 675

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Work, under fair employment and decent work, reduces inequities in health. Nowadays it seems, however, that obtaining and carrying out a job and worker performance take precedence over the aforementioned attributes. Workers are not only exposed to accidents, diseases caused by various agents, ergonomic and psychosocial risks but also affected by work modes imposed by the “wildmarket”, such as the lack of social security benefits. Member countries of the International Labour Organization (ILO) should institute occupational health and safety policies in order to reduce the above mentioned inequities. Nonetheless, governments, which would guarantee such policies, seem to have become intermediaries in favor of large corporations. It is essential to define and strengthen actions that create jobsin decent and appropriate conditions with a view to generating equity, equality, and social well-being.

El trabajo, bajo condiciones de empleo justo y decente, reduce las inequidades en salud; sin embargo, en la actualidad parece prevalecer la obtención y desempeño de este sin los atributos referidos, con exposición tanto a accidentes como a padecer enfermedades causadas por diversos agentes, y a riesgos ergonómicos y psicosociales presentes en el trabajo, y los relacionados con el modo de trabajar impuesto por el wildmarket y sin prestaciones en materia de seguridad social. Las políticas que en salud y seguridad en el trabajo deberían instituir los países miembros de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) acortarían las inequidades mencionadas, no obstante, el Estado, quien garantizaría esas políticas, parece haberse convertido en intermediador a favor de los grandes corporativos. Es fundamental que se definan y fortalezcan acciones para constituir empleos con condiciones apropiadas y decorosas, a fin de generar equidad, igualdad y bienestar social.

1320 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

14.

Fundamentación teórico metodológica para la determinación del coeficiente de fricción dinámico suelo-metal
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Laffita Leyva, Alexander

; Ramos Carbajal, Ernesto

; García de la Figal Costales, Armando

; Sigler, María del Carmen

; Rodríguez Díaz, Carlos Eloy

Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias

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dec 2013, Volume 22 N. 4 Pages 20 - 26

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

From the analysis of existent constitutive models to determine the properties in the interphase soil metallic surface, numerous investigators utilize Mohr Coulomb’s graphic solution, which does not explain the influence of normal stress, the adherence and sliding speed in the determination of the coefficient of dynamic friction m d. The model proposed by Deriaguin (MTD) considers the friction and adherence indissoluble. It states that the resistance to the mentioned sliding and the coefficient of dynamic friction m d, depend on physical mechanical properties of soil and the metallic surface in friction, as well as on the external loads and adherence among them. Was development an experimental method for to obtain the values of the coefficient of dynamic friction soil -metallic surface, taking into account the relative velocity among them, the normal stress, the soil water content and adherence among them.

Del análisis de los modelos constitutivos existentes para determinar las propiedades en la interfase suelo superficie metálica, numerosos investigadores utilizan la solución gráfica de Mohr-Coulomb, la cual no explica la influencia de los esfuerzos normales, la adherencia y velocidad de deslizamiento en la determinación del coeficiente de fricción dinámico m d. El modelo propuesto por Deriaguin (MTD) considera la fricción y la adherencia indisolubles, dependiendo la resistencia a dicho deslizamiento y el coeficiente de fricción dinámico μd, de las propiedades físicas mecánicas de suelo y del material en fricción, así como de las cargas externas y de adherencia entre ellas. Se dispone de una metodología experimental para la determinación de los valores del coeficiente de fricción dinámico suelo - superficie metálica, en función de la velocidad de desplazamiento relativo entre ellas, la presión normal, la humedad volumétrica y la adherencia entre ellas.

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15.

Composición de la dieta y capacidad nutricional de carga del hábitat del conejo de los volcanes (Romerolagus diazi) en México
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- Dimensions
- PlumX
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Martínez-García, José A.

; Mendoza-Martínez, Germán D.

; Alcantara-Carbajal, José L.

; Tarango-Arámbula, Luis A.

; Sánchez-Torres-Esqueda, Teresa

; Rodríguez-de Lara, Raymundo

; Hernández-García, Pedro A.

Revista Chapingo serie ciencias forestales y del ambiente

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dec 2012, Volume 18 N. 3 Pages 423 - 434

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The purpose of this study was to estimate the nutritional intake, plant biomass and the nutritional carrying capacity of the habitat of the volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi), plus its feeding habits, in Itza-Popo Zoquiapan National Park. Fecal pellets and plant samples were collected and analyzed microhistologically. Dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were determined in plants. Biomass and its nutritional carrying capacity were estimated. In turn, a digestibility assay was conducted with domestic rabbits using two treatments: Muhlenbergia macrura or Festuca tolucensis (80 % plus 20 % alfalfa hay). In half of the sites M. macroura was predominant and in the other half F. tolucensis; microhistiological analysis showed the predominant presence of the same forages. There were differences in biomass and carrying capacity among sites (P < 0.05), with one site standing out from the others. Inclusion of F. tolucensis increased (P < 0.05) digestibility compared to M. macroura.

El estudio se realizó en el Parque Nacional Izta-Popo y Zoquiapan. Se estimaron los aportes nutricionales, biomasa vegetal, capacidad nutricional de carga del hábitat y hábitos alimenticios del Romerolagus diazi. Para ello, las excretas y muestras vegetales se recolectaron y fueron analizadas microhistológicamente. Se determinaron la materia seca, proteína cruda y fibra detergente neutro de las plantas. A su vez, se realizó un ensayo de digestibilidad con conejos domésticos proporcionándoles dos tratamientos: Muhlenbergia macrura o Festuca tolucensis adicionadas con heno de alfalfa (80 % gramínea + 20 % de heno de alfalfa). En la mitad de los sitios predominó M. macroura y en la otra mitad F. tolucensis. El análisis microhistológico mostró la presencia predominante de los mismos forrajes. Hubo diferencias en biomasa y capacidad de carga entre sitios (P< 0.05). La inclusión de F. tolucensis incrementó (P < 0.05) la digestibilidad en comparación con M. macroura.

https://doi.org/10.5154/r.rchscfa.2010.08.063 3077 downloads

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