Few studies have adequately described the floristic and structural features of natural grasslands associated with shallow basalt soils in southern Brazil. This study was carried out on natural grazing land used for livestock production in the municipality of Santana do Livramento, in the Campanha region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The aim of the study was to describe the floristic and structural diversity of the area. The floristic list obtained comprises 229 plant taxa from 40 botanical families, with a predominance of the families Poaceae (62), Asteraceae (28), Fabaceae (16) and Cyperaceae (12). The estimated diversity and evenness in the community were 3.00 and 0.874, respectively. Bare soil and rock outcrops accounted for 19.3% of the area, resulting in limited forage availability. Multivariate analysis revealed two well-defined groups among the sampling units. One group showed a high degree of internal aggregation, associated with deep soils, and was characterized by the presence of tussocks, whereas the other was less aggregate and was characterized by prostrate species growing on shallow soil. Ordination analysis indicated a gradient of moisture and of soil depth in the study area, resulting in different vegetation patterns. These patterns were analogous to the vegetation physiognomies described for Uruguayan grasslands. Overall, the grassland community studied is similar to others found throughout southern Brazil, although it harbors more winter forage species. In addition, the rare grass Paspalum indecorum Mez is locally dominant in some patches, behaving similarly to P. notatum Fl., a widespread grass that dominates extensive grassland areas in southern Brazil.

The successful achievement of a highly productive understorey pasture in silvopastoral systems depends on the use of well-adapted forage genotypes, showing good agronomic performance and persistence under shading and grazing. In this study, the herbage dry matter yield (DMY) and nitrogen nutrition dynamics were determined in three native warm-season grasses (Paspalum regnellii, Paspalum dilatatum and Paspalum notatum) and a forage legume (Arachis pintoi) under two shading levels compared with full sun. The experiment was conducted in the Campanha region, Bagé, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during two evaluation cycles (2008/2009 and 2009/2010). Three shade cloth levels (0%, 50% and 80% of light restriction) were applied to the forage genotypes in a split plot design, in which shading levels were the main plot and forage genotypes were the subplots, with three replications. P. regnellii showed the highest accumulated DMY (1500 and 1700 g m-2, respectively, for the first and second evaluation cycles) at all shading levels and showed no DMY decreased under the heavy shade (80%). Average DMY over the four genotypes under the 50% shade level was higher or equal compared with full sun. Influence of rainfall was observed on the DMY performance of all genotypes: the positive effect of moderate shading (50%) on P. dilatatum and P. notatum DMY was associated to a low soil water availability status. Increased shading level resulted in high nitrogen nutrition index values on grasses, in comparison with full sun. All genotypes performed well under the moderate shading level, but the DMY of both P. regnellii and P. dilatatum and the herbage N content in P. notatum and A. pintoi of all genotypes stood out, showing that those main genotypes are promising to grow in silvopastoral systems at the Campanha region in southern Brazil.

The present study was conducted to assess carcass features, physicochemical and sensory parameters of meat from steers finished on three types of pastures: natural pasture; natural pasture improved, fertilized and oversown with winter species; and annual summer grassland. The experiment was conducted from December 14, 2009 to November 30, 2010, with treatments distributed in a completely randomized design with a different number of replicates. Animals were used as experimental units. Experimental animals were Aberdeen Angus steers with twenty months of initial age and 354±27.4 kg of live weight, on average. The highest average daily gains were obtained for the annual summer grassland. There was no effect of treatments on carcass conformation. The highest carcass yield was obtained on the improved natural pasture. Forequarter yield, side cut yield and longissimus muscle area were similar between the pastures. Moisture and total lipids were not affected by the pasture. Thawing and cooking losses were higher in improved natural pasture and lower in sorghum pasture. Regardless of the treatment, the meat had luminosity ranging from intermediate to dark, high in red, high in yellow, and considered within the normal range for beef. Meat of higher shear force was found in natural pasture, and lower shear force was observed in meat from annual summer grassland. Average live weight daily gain explained 18% of the shear force. Sensory evaluation by duo-trio test showed differences between samples from distinct pastures in flavor. All the studied systems allow for desirable characteristics in carcass and meat.

The overseeding of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam) on sub-tropical native pastures increases the availability and quality of forage in the cold season. However, soil chemical amendment and nitrogen use can affect the floristic composition, with consequences to the primary and secondary production. In a randomized complete block design with three replications, the effect of nitrogen fertilization (40, 90 and 140 kg/ha of nitrogen) on native pasture overseeded with ryegrass in two consecutive years was assessed regarding production and composition of pasture and performance of beef calves. In both years, the forage accumulation rate and forage production responded linearly to the increase in nitrogen rates as a result of increased participation of ryegrass. The lower efficiency of responses in 2008 was due to the increased participation of dead material and the reduction of ryegrass in the forage sward. In 2007 there was an increasing substitution of the participation of native grasses by ryegrass with increasing nitrogen rates. Native legumes and other species were almost not affected by nitrogen fertilization. The average daily weight gain of the animals responded linearly to nitrogen rates in 2007, and quadratically in 2008. The stocking rate and gain per hectare increased linearly in both years, with greater responses in 2007. The production and composition of forage and livestock production are improved by the use of nitrogen, but the efficiency of responses can be affected by sowing date and nitrogen fertilization.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis alterações na densidade e na porosidade total do solo, em razão do pisoteio de cordeiros, sob diferentes manejos, após as culturas de verão em plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado em Argissolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso, nas camadas 0-2,5, 2,5-5 e 5-10 cm, em pastagem de azevém anual manejada com ofertas de forragem de 2,5 ou 5,0 vezes o potencial de consumo dos animais, em lotação contínua e rotacionada. Como testemunha, utilizou-se uma área não pastejada. As intensidades de pastejo e os métodos de pastoreio não tiveram efeito sobre a densidade e a porosidade total do solo. É possível utilizar, durante o inverno, áreas com este tipo de textura do solo, com culturas de cobertura para pastejo de cordeiros, sem que as alterações nos atributos físicos do solo, pelo pisoteio animal, atinjam níveis prejudiciais para as culturas subsequentes.

The objective of this work was to evaluate possible alterations in the soil bulk density and total porosity due to lamb trampling, under different grazing management after no-tillage summer crop. The experiment was carried out in the layers 0-2.5, 2.5-5 e 5-10 cm of an arenic Ultisol, in an annual ryegrass pasture with forage allowance of 2.5 and 5.0 of animal potential consumption, under continuous and rotational stocking. An ungrazed area was used as check. Grazing intensities and methods did not affect soil bulk density and total porosity. It is possible to use areas with this kind of soil texture, with cover crops for lamb grazing in the winter, without alterations on soil physical attributes, caused by animal trampling, reach harmful levels for subsequent crops.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetal and animal production of a natural pasture on a Mollisol soil in the region of Campanha, in RS. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with three replicates, which enables the comparison between natural unfertilized pastures with fertilized pastures and pastures fertilized and overseeded with Lolium multiflorum, Lotus corniculatus cv. São Gabriel and Trifolium repens cv. Lucero (NPO). Data were submitted to the analyses of variance considering seasons of the year as time repeated measurements. Aberddeen Angus calves of about nine months of age were used in continuous stocking with variable stocking rate in order to maintain forage offer at 13% of live weight. Data were collected between July 7th (2007) and May 3rd (2008), totaling 302 days. Fertilized and oversown pastures showed higher green forage mass mainly in the spring, as result of higher dry matter (DM) accumulation rate. Average daily live-weight gain for fertilized pasture (0.581 kg/day) was higher than for natural pasture (0.473 kg/day). Higher live-weight gains were obtained in the fall (0.869 kg/day). Stocking rate showed interaction with the seasons of the year, with higher stocking rates obtained in oversown pasture (701 kg of LW/ha) and fertilized pasture (667 kg of LW/ha) during the spring. Live-weight gain per hectare from natural pasture (224 kg LW/ha) was lower than on fertilized (310 kg LW/ha) and over-sown pasture (287 kg LW/ha). Forage mass, dry matter content, forage allowance and pasture height explained 61% of the average live weight gain. Despite the good performance of native grasslands in this region in its natural condition, the utilization of different inputs as fertilization and oversowing of winter cultivated species promoted positive differences in forage production and its distribution along the year and in animal yield.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da estrutura de uma pastagem nativa nos parâmetros que compõem o processo de ingestão de forragem de ovelhas e bezerras em pastejo, foram estabelecidas quatro alturas de pasto (4, 8, 12 e 16 cm), em delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e duas repetições no tempo e no espaço. A massa do bocado e a taxa de ingestão foram estimados por diferença de peso vivo corrigido para a perda de peso metabólico, durante 45 minutos. Os movimentos mandibulares de apreensão e mastigação foram registrados pelo aparelho IGER Behaviour Recorder. A profundidade do bocado foi obtida em 40 perfilhos marcados por unidade experimental, em medições realizadas antes e após o pastejo. Observou-se correlação positiva entre a altura do pasto e a massa de forragem, e negativa com a densidade de forragem. A profundidade de bocados apresentou relação linear e positiva com o aumento da altura do pasto e não diferiu entre espécies animais. Acima de 9,5 cm de altura do pasto, a profundidade do bocado das ovelhas não compensou a pouca densidade de forragem nos estratos mais superiores, o que reduziu a massa do bocado. A mesma resposta foi observada a partir da altura do pasto de 11,4 cm para as bezerras. Com o aumento da massa do bocado, houve diminuição na taxa de bocados e aumento na taxa de mastigação. A taxa de ingestão foi maior nas alturas em que a massa de bocados foi também superior, o que evidencia a correlação positiva entre as duas variáveis. Nessas condições, para aumentar o consumo de ovelhas e bezerras em campo nativo, a estrutura ideal de manejo requer manutenção de altura do pasto entre 9,5 e 11,4 cm, respectivamente.

Aiming to evaluate the influence of native pasture structure in the intake process of grazing ewes and calves, four sward heights (4, 8, 12 and 16 cm) were established. A completely randomized design with four treatments and two replicates in time and space was used. Bite mass and forage intake were estimated by the short-term weight changes technique, corrected for the rate of insensible weight loss, during a 45 minutes test. The grazing and mastication jaw movements were registered by the IGER Behaviour Recorder device. Bite depth was obtained through 40 tillers marked in each experimental unit, by measurements carried before and after grazing. A positive correlation was observed between sward height and herbage mass, and negative between sward height and herbage bulk density. Bite depth fitted positively and linearly with increasing sward height, being not different between animal species. Ewe bite mass increased with increasing sward height up to 9.5 cm, then decreasing due to the low bulk density in the superior stratum. The same response was observed with calves, but bite mass reached a plateau only at 11.4 cm sward height. Bite rate decreased and mastication rate increased with increasing bite mass. Intake rate was greater at the sward height in which bite mass was also superior, indicating the positive correlation between these two variables. Under those conditions, to optimize the intake of sheep and calves, in native pasture, the ideal structure for management requires the maintenance of sward heights between 9.5 and 11.4 cm.

Os objetivos neste trabalho foram descrever e investigar a dinâmica espaço-temporal de sítios alimentares em diferentes faixas de massa de forragem e altura do pasto, assim como o percentual de área efetivamente pastejada, a taxa de acúmulo de forragem e a produção de matéria seca de uma pastagem natural do Bioma Pampa. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições, com três ofertas de forragem fixas (8, 12 e 16%) e três ofertas de forragem variáveis ao longo do ano (8-12%, 12-8% e 16-12%), com o primeiro valor correspondendo à primavera. Na oferta fixa de forragem de 8%, observou-se maior percentual de área efetivamente pastejada, porém os valores médios de altura e massa de forragem foram inferiores aos das demais ofertas. As maiores ofertas de forragem, 16 e 16-12%, apresentaram altura média do pasto superior, 9,0 cm e massa de forragem de 2.000 kg/ha de matéria seca, porém, com área efetivamente pastejada inferior às observadas nas ofertas de 8 e 8-12%. Mesmo estratégias de manejo tão distintas, aproximadamente 60 a 70% dos sítios alimentares ocorreram em faixas consideradas limitantes ao potencial de ingestão de forragem por bovinos, com exceção dos tratamentos 16% e 16-12%, nos quais se observou menor frequência de sítios alimentares na faixa inferior a 6,0 cm de altura. Os sítios alimentares, em geral, se concentraram em faixas com altura <6 cm e massas de forragem <1000 e 1000-1500 kg/ha de matéria seca em todas as ofertas de forragem avaliadas, porém, nas ofertas de 16-12% e 8-12%, ocorreu uma melhor distribuição dos sítios alimentares nas demais faixas de massa de forragem e altura do pasto.

The objective of this trial was to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of feeding sites stratified by strips of herbage mass and sward height, and the percentage of effectively grazed area, herbage growth rate and dry matter yield of a natural pasture from Pampa Biome managed with different herbage allowance management strategies. A randomized block design with two replications was used with three fixed herbage allowance (8, 12 and 16%) and three herbage allowance variables throughout the year (8-12%, 12-8%, and 16-12%), with first value corresponding to the spring season. The 8% fixed herbage allowance presented greater effectively grazed area, but the average height and herbage mass were lower than in other allowances. The highest herbage allowance, 16% and 16-12%, presented 9.0 cm average sward height and herbage mass of 2,000 kg/ha dry matter, and a smaller effectively grazed area than the 8% and 8-12% herbage allowances. In spite of the different management strategies used, between 60 and 70% of feeding sites occurred in strips considered to constrain animal intake, except in the 16% and 16-12% treatments, in which a smaller frequency of feeding sites in strips lower than 6.0 cm was registered. In general, the feeding sites were concentrated on strips <6 cm SH, and herbage masses <1000 and 1000-1500 kg/ha dry matter, in all allowances. However, at 16-12% and 8-12% herbage allowances, the feeding sites were better distributed among the strips for herbage mass and sward height.

O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de novilhas de corte dos 15 aos 28 meses de idade mantidas em pastagem natural sob diversos manejos da oferta de forragem. Avaliaram-se quatro ofertas fixas ao longo do ano (4, 8; 12 e 16% do peso vivo, PV) e três ofertas de forragem variáveis (8-12; 12-8; e 16-12%, de modo que o primeiro valor corresponde à oferta utilizada na primavera e o segundo àquela empregada no restante do ano). Foram utilizadas novilhas de corte mestiças sob pastejo contínuo com taxa de lotação variável para avaliação do peso vivo, do escore de condição corporal, do ganho médio diário e da aptidão reprodutiva pela dosagem de progesterona no sangue. Para caracterização do pasto, foram avaliadas a massa de forragem (MF), a altura do pasto (ALT) e a área efetivamente pastejada (AEP). Na oferta de forragem de 4%, os animais apresentaram redução acentuada de peso no fim do verão e outono, por isso, essa oferta de forragem foi eliminada. O peso vivo, o escore de condição corporal e o ganho médio diário não diferiram entre as ofertas de forragem; as variações ocorreram somente entre as estações. Aos 26 meses de idade, a probabilidade de estro das novilhas não diferiu entre as ofertas de forragem, embora a oferta de forragem de 16-12% tenha resultado em probabilidade de estro de 50%. Aos 28 meses de idade, a oferta de forragem de 16-12% resultou em maior probabilidade de estro (86%) e não diferiu das ofertas de 16% (50%) e 8-12% (50%), as quais promoveram estrutura do pasto mais adequada, ou menos limitante, ao hábito de pastejo das novilhas.

The experiment was carried out to evaluate the development of beef heifers from 15 to 28 months of age, maintained on natural pasture under different herbage allowance (HA) managements. The treatments were fixed HA of 4, 8, 12 and 16% of the body weight (BW) over the year, and variable HA of 8-12%; 12-8%; and 16-12%, where the first value corresponded to the HA used in the spring and the second one to that used in the remainder of the year. Crossbreed beef heifers were used under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate, and the body weight, body condition score (BCS), average daily gain (ADG) and reproductive ability by blood progesterone concentration were evaluated. In addition, herbage mass, sward height, and effectively grazed area were evaluated to characterize the pasture. At 4%-HA the animals presented great decrease in weight at the end of summer and fall, and this HA removed from the experiment. Differences among HA were not verified among treatments for LW, BCS, and ADG. At 26 months of age, no difference for heifers estrus probability (EP) was detected, although HA of 16-12% showed EP of 50%. At 28 months of age, the HA 16-12% HA showed greater EP (86%) and was not different from the HA of 16% (50%) and 8-12% (50%). Such management strategies promoted a sward structure that was more adequate, or less limited, to heifer grazing.

Avaliou-se o desempenho de cordeiras de corte para o acasalamento no outono em pastagem nativa melhorada fertilizada com adubo mineral fórmula 5-20-20 (250 kg/ha). Utilizaram-se duas doses de nitrogênio (100 e 200 kg/ha na forma de uréia), fracionadas em duas aplicações (70% em 3 de fevereiro e 30% em 17 de março de 2005) considerando controle piquetes sem aplicação de nitrogênio. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos completos com duas repetições. O método de pastejo foi contínuo com lotação variável e oferta de forragem de 16% (16 kg MS/100 kg peso vivo [PV]). O período de avaliação foi de 21 de janeiro a 31 de maio. As variáveis estudadas foram taxa de lotação, carga animal, desaparecimento de MS em %PV, ganho de peso médio diário, escore de condição corporal, ganho de peso por área e taxa de prenhez. O desaparecimento de MS em %PV não diferiu entre as doses de nitrogênio e os períodos de avaliação e apresentou valores limitantes em relação ao provável consumo potencial. As doses de nitrogênio tiveram efeito positivo sobre a taxa de lotação e a carga animal, que não diferiram no decorrer das avaliações. O escore de condição corporal, o ganho médio diário e o ganho de peso por área apresentaram variações significativas entre os períodos de avaliação, como resultado da influência do déficit hídrico registrado durante o período experimental. A taxa de prenhez não foi influenciada pelas doses de nitrogênio. Apesar do déficit hídrico, que comprometeu negativamente as variáveis produtivas da pastagem e a resposta animal às doses de nitrogênio aplicadas, a pastagem nativa melhorada por meio de adubação pode suportar elevadas taxas de lotação.

The performance of lambs for the mating in the autumn in improved native pasture fertilized with 250 kg/ha of mineral formula 5-20-20 was evaluated. Two levels of nitrogen (N) (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) divided in two applications, 70% and 30%, in February, 3, and March, 17, 2005, respectively, were tested in a complete block design with two replications. Plots without N application were used as control. Evaluation was done on continuous variable stocking in order to maintain 16% of forage allowance (16 kg DM/100 kg live weight [LW]). Grazing period extended from January, 21 to May, 31. Studied variables were: stocking rate, DM disappearance, in % of LW, average daily gain, body score condition, weight gain per area and, pregnancy rate. The DM disappearance did not differ between treatments and periods of evaluation, presenting limited values in relation to the probable potential intake. The stocking rate showed positive effect of the level of N and did not differ along the evaluations. The other studied variables (body score condition, average daily gain and weight gain per area) presented significant variations between evaluation periods due to influence of the water deficit that occurred during the experimental period. The pregnancy rate did not show significant effect of the level of N. Despite the water deficit which occurred during the experimental period and compromised the performance of the pasture variables and, by consequence, animal response to nitrogen fertilization, the native pasture improvement by fertilization is capable to support high stocking rates.

Avaliou-se o efeito da fertilização com duas doses de nitrogênio (100 e 200 kg/ha, na forma de uréia) sobre as variáveis produtivas de uma pastagem nativa melhorada (3,12 ha divididos em piquetes de 0,52 ha), tendo como controle áreas sem aplicação de N. Utilizou-se um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições. A pastagem foi mantida com lotação contínua e número variável de animais para manter oferta de forragem de 16% PV. Na primavera de 2004, aplicou-se 5-20-20 (250 kg/ha) e, no verão de 2005, o nitrogênio. A oferta de forragem total e a taxa de desaparecimento não diferiram entre as doses de nitrogênio ao longo do período experimental. A massa de forragem total diminuiu significativamente com o tempo e foi influenciada pelas doses de nitrogênio, em virtude do acúmulo anterior ao período experimental. As demais características avaliadas na pastagem não foram afetadas pelas doses de nitrogênio nem pelo tempo, em razão do déficit hídrico ocorrido. Não houve acúmulo de forragem durante a primeira metade do período experimental e a taxa de acúmulo somente se tornou positiva na metade final do experimento, conseqüentemente, a altura do pasto e a massa de forragem diminuíram significativamente ao longo da avaliação. A massa de forragem verde apresentou comportamento inverso ao do material morto (resposta quadrática), que aumentou inicialmente e diminuiu depois com o restabelecimento da condição hídrica. Assim, a oferta de forragem verde foi baixa e teve influência da interação dose × época. Os valores de densidade volumétrica foram mais baixos que os reportados para este tipo de pastagem, mas, ao final do período de observações, houve tendência de aumento da densidade de material verde. A altura do pasto e a massa de forragem tiveram alta correlação (r = 0,87), comprovando que, nesta condição, a altura do pasto pode ser usada para estimar a massa de forragem. Em condições de déficit hídrico, a aplicação de nitrogênio não contribui para a expressão de resposta das características estudadas.

It was evaluated the effect of nitrogen fertilization (100 and 200 kg/ha of N as urea) on the components of forage production of an improved native pasture with 3.12 ha (paddocks - 0.52 ha). Control areas without application of N were used, using a complete block design with two replications. Paddocks were grazed by lambs in a continuous stocking and variable stocking rate to keep forage allowance of 16% LW. In spring of 2004, pasture was uniformly fertilized with 250 kg/ha of 5-20-20 and N doses were applied during experimental period (summer 2005). Total forage on offer and rate of forage disappearance were not affected by treatments nor the periods of evaluation. Total herbage mass diminished significantly with time and was affected by N doses as function of the accumulation verified prior to the experimental period. All other studied variables showed no significant effect of N due to water deficit. There was no herbage accumulation during the first part of experimental period and accumulation rate only became positive in the last half period. As consequence, herbage height and herbage mass diminished significantly with time. Green forage mass showed inverse behaviour in relation to dead material percentage. The quadratic response of this later component was initially characterized by high values that diminished by the final period with the reestablishment of normal rainfall. By this reason, the green forage allowance was very low and interacted in time with N doses. Volumetric density presented low values when compared to values previously observed in this kind of pasture. However, a tendency for higher values was verified at the end of the observations period. The herbage height and herbage mass presented high correlation (r = 0.87) indicating that herbage height can be a good estimator of herbage mass, in these conditions. In the situation of water deficit, nitrogen fertilization does not contribute to the expression of more intense responses of the studied variables.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as produções vegetal e animal e a resposta econômica de uma pastagem natural submetida à adubação de correção e doses de nitrogênio durante a estação de crescimento 1998/99. O experimento foi conduzido em área da Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA - UFRGS). Em 1996 foram aplicados 3000kg ha-1 de calcário e adubação correspondente a 500kg ha-1 da fórmula 5-20-20. Na análise econômica, considerou-se um terço destas quantidades como referente à utilização na estação de crescimento 1998/99. Os tratamentos foram doses de nitrogênio (N) na forma de uréia (zero, 100 e 200kg ha-1 de N), em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com duas repetições de área por tratamento. Os animais experimentais foram novilhas de corte com um ano de idade e peso médio inicial de 160kg. A massa de forragem, a taxa de acúmulo diário de matéria seca, a produção total de matéria seca verde e a eficiência de transformação do N em produção primária foram maiores (P<0,1) quanto maior foi a dose de N aplicado. As aplicações de 100 e 200kg ha-1 de N elevaram os custos em 104,1 e 208,2%, respectivamente. A aplicação de 200kg ha-1 de N em pastagem natural apresentou maior produção de peso vivo, margem bruta e eficiência de conversão do N em produto animal. Quando foram utilizados apenas o calcário e a adubação N-P-K de correção, obteve-se o maior retorno financeiro direto. A pastagem natural mostrou resposta positiva à aplicação de fertilizantes, dentro da amplitude de quantidade destes insumos aplicadas no presente trabalho.

This research was aimed at evaluating the plant and animal production and the economic response of a native pasture submitted to the application of N-P-K and nitrogen levels during the 1998/99 growing season. The experiment was conducted at Estação Experimental Agronômica of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA - UFRGS). The pasture was fertilized in 1996 using 3000kg ha-1 of lime and 500kg ha-1 of 5-20-20. The one third of these amounts was considered as that concerning the 1998/99 growing season, in the economic analysis. The treatments were nitrogen (N) levels (zero, 100 and 200kg ha-1 of N) as urea, in a randomized block design with two plots by treatment. The experimental animals were beef heifers with initial age of 1,5 year-old and average live weight of 160kg. The forage mass, dry matter accumulation rate, green dry matter total production and the N transformation efficiency in primary production were enhanced by the N level applied (P< 0.1). The treatments 100 and 200kg ha-1 of N increased the costs in 104.1 and 208.2%, respectively. The treatment 200kg ha-1 of N presented the greater area live weight gain, the gross margin and the N conversion efficiency in animal product. The greater net financial return was reached when only lime and N-P-K fertilization were applied. The native pasture showed a positive response to the fertilizer application, within the amplitude of amount of the input applied in this experiment.