ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the environmental and socioeconomic risk factors of malaria transmission at municipality level, from 2010 to 2015, in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS The municipalities were stratified into high, moderate, and low transmission based on the annual parasite incidence. A multinomial logistic regression that compared low with medium transmission and low with high transmission was performed. For each category, three models were analyzed: one only with socioeconomic risk factors (Gini index, illiteracy, number of mines and indigenous areas); a second with the environmental factors (forest coverage and length of the wet season); and a third with all covariates (full model). RESULTS The full model showed the best performance. The most important risks factors for high transmission were Gini index, length of the wet season and illiteracy, OR 2.06 (95%CI 1.19–3.56), 1.73 (95%CI 1.19–2.51) and 1.10 (95%CI 1.03–1.17), respectively. The medium transmission showed a weaker influence of the risk factors, being illiteracy, forest coverage and indigenous areas statistically significant but with marginal influence. CONCLUSIONS As a disease of poverty, the reduction in wealth inequalities and, therefore, health inequalities, could reduce the transmission considerably. Besides, environmental risk factors as length of the wet season should be considered in the planning, prevention and control. Municipality-level and fine-scale analysis should be done together to improve the knowledge of the local dynamics of transmission.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the environmental and socioeconomic risk factors of malaria transmission at municipality level, from 2010 to 2015, in the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS The municipalities were stratified into high, moderate, and low transmission based on the annual parasite incidence. A multinomial logistic regression that compared low with medium transmission and low with high transmission was performed. For each category, three models were analyzed: one only with socioeconomic risk factors (Gini index, illiteracy, number of mines and indigenous areas); a second with the environmental factors (forest coverage and length of the wet season); and a third with all covariates (full model). RESULTS The full model showed the best performance. The most important risks factors for high transmission were Gini index, length of the wet season and illiteracy, OR 2.06 (95%CI 1.19–3.56), 1.73 (95%CI 1.19–2.51) and 1.10 (95%CI 1.03–1.17), respectively. The medium transmission showed a weaker influence of the risk factors, being illiteracy, forest coverage and indigenous areas statistically significant but with marginal influence. CONCLUSIONS As a disease of poverty, the reduction in wealth inequalities and, therefore, health inequalities, could reduce the transmission considerably. Besides, environmental risk factors as length of the wet season should be considered in the planning, prevention and control. Municipality-level and fine-scale analysis should be done together to improve the knowledge of the local dynamics of transmission.

Resumo Em resposta a problemas cada vez mais complexos e interconectados, entre os quais figuram diversos desafios de saúde pública, as Nações Unidas lançaram a Agenda 2030 de Desenvolvimento Sustentável que pretende servir como guia para lidar com essas questões. Visando abordar a complexidade destes desafios, foi proposta a iniciativa UNLEASH, um evento que reúne 1.000 jovens talentos de todo o mundo anualmente até 2030 para encontrar soluções inovadoras aos 17 Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) propostos na Agenda 2030. A Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo foi a única instituição de ensino latino-americana selecionada para enviar estudantes na primeira edição do evento, realizado na Dinamarca em 2017. O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar os sete ODS (saúde, comida, água, energia, sustentabilidade urbana, consumo sustentável e educação) que foram trabalhados neste primeiro encontro, refletir sobre os mesmos e relatar a experiência dos pós-graduandos no evento global e inovador da UNLEASH.

Abstract In response to innumerable global challenges in a world ever more complex and interconnected, including a number of public health challenges, the United Nations launched the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; a guideline intended to deal with these issues. Foreseeing their huge complexity, the UNLEASH initiative was created with a vision to gather, on a yearly basis until 2030, 1.000 young talents from all over the world to co-create disruptive solutions for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The School of Public Health of the University of São Paulo was selected as the only educational institution partner in South America and was invited to select and send students to the launching event in Denmark in August 2017. The aim of this study is to address and reflect on the seven SDGs (health, food, water, energy, urban sustainability, sustainable consumption and production and education) that were explored in this first event and relate the students’ experiences of this global innovation lab.

Resumen Como respuesta a los innumerables desafíos globales en un mundo cada vez más complejo e interconectado, las Naciones Unidas lanzó la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible; como un guía para tratar con estos problemas. Previendo las grandes complejidades de estos, la iniciativa UNLEASH, fue creada con la visión de reunir anualmente 1000 jóvenes talentos de todo el mundo hasta 2030 para encontrar soluciones disruptivas para los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). La Facultad de Salud Pública de la Universidad de São Paulo ha sido elegida como la única institución colaboradora en América del Sur, y fue invitada a seleccionar y enviar estudiantes para el primer evento en agosto del 2017 en Dinamarca. El objetivo de este estudio es abordar y reflexionar sobre los siete ODS (salud, alimentación, agua, energía, sostenibilidad urbana, producción y consumo responsables, y educación) que fueron explorados en este primer evento, y relatar las experiencias de los estudiantes sobre este laboratorio de innovación global.