Abstract Paper aims The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic, social, and environmental impacts of logistics activities of a dairy producer located in Brazil. Originality The main contribution is to apply a quantitative approach to assessing sustainable logistics in the milk supply chain, serving as a basis for future work on this theme. Research method A single case study of a regional producer of dairy products in Brazil is carried out in this research. A sustainable logistics evaluation model was used that quantitatively measures the impact of transportation, storage (including inventory management and material handling activities), packaging, and acquisition activities in the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Main findings It illustrates the challenge that a Small Medium Enterprise (SME) will have to expand its logistics actions, aiming to generate benefit to the consumer because of actions in the economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Implications for theory and practice This research expands the literature, as it brings together topics such as sustainability, logistics, supply chain, and agribusiness. The baseline is in the case study with quantitative data that allows us to answer the question of how to be sustainable now, rather than waiting for supply chains to do it first so we can discover it.

Resumo: A Supply Chain vem passando por grandes transformações em função da necessidade de implementação de novas tecnologias da Indústria 4.0, como a Internet das Coisas, Big Data, Sistemas Físico-Cibernéticos e a Computação em Nuvem. Graças a essas tecnologias, bem como a seus subsistemas e componentes, a integração total da Supply Chain está se tornando possível. No entanto, observa-se que ainda não estão totalmente claros e identificados os reais impactos, positivos ou negativos, que as tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 causam na Supply Chain. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e apresentar uma análise dos desafios que as empresas deverão enfrentar ao implantar as tecnologias da Indústria 4.0 na Supply Chain. Para isso, foram selecionados e analisados, por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os trabalhos mais relevantes sobre o tema. A revisão identificou vinte desafios agrupados em quatro macrogrupos: (1) desafios técnicos, (2) desafios financeiros, ambientais e legais, (3) desafios tecnológicos e (4) desafios socioculturais. Observa-se que estes desafios requerem grande atenção e estudos mais aprofundados por parte da academia para apoiar a indústria no sentido de mitigá-los e, assim, permitir melhor aproveitamento dos recursos tecnológicos disponíveis e otimizar o desempenho das operações da Supply Chain.

Abstract: The Supply Chain has undergone major transformations due to the need to implement new Industry 4.0 technologies, such as Internet of Things, Big Data, Cyber-Physical Systems and Cloud Computing. Thanks to these technologies, as well as to their subsystems and components, full integration of the supply chain is becoming possible. However, it is observed that the real impacts of Industry 4.0 technologies, rather positive or negative, are not yet totally clear and identified. This paper aims to identify and present an analysis of the challenges and obstacles that Industry 4.0 technologies may cause in the Supply Chain. For this, the most relevant papers on the topic were selected and analyzed through a systematic literature review. Twenty challenges grouped into four macrogroups were identified: (1) technical challenges, (2) financial, environmental and legal challenges, (3) technological challenges, and (4) sociocultural challenges. It should be noted that these challenges require greater attention and more in-depth studies on the part of the academy to support industry in order to mitigate them and thus allow better use of the available technological resources and optimize the performance of Supply Chain operations.