Abstract We describe the presence, structure, number of eggs, and hatching success of Rallus obsoletus levipes (Ridgway´s rail), a bird species protected in Mexico and the USA, during the 2016 to 2018 nesting seasons at Estero Punta Banda (EPB), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. The number of eggs per nest was 6, 7, or 8, and hatching success 0, 75, or 100%. We document the presence, abundance, and density of Geukensia demissa, (Atlantic ribbed mussel) an invasive bivalve in the estuary study area. G. demissa density per marsh area: Internal Marsh (MI) 5.36/m2, Middle Marsh (MM) 6.94, and External Marsh (ME) 3.52. G. demissa density isn’t independent of marsh area, p < 0.001. We document the dead of two R. o. levipes chicks found trapped and dead in the G. demissa valves during EPB high tides. We did not find an association between dominant vegetation, Spartina folios and Salicornia spp. and the presence of G. demissa. Its presence seems to be independent of vegetation presence. The permanence of R. o. levipes at EPB depends on a better knowledge of the population and its interaction with G. demissa and other threats at EPB. We discuss the role of G. demissa in the future of R. o. levipes at EPB. New proposals have to be made such that sites with an elevation higher than the mean tide level are considered as critical for the nesting and survival of the bird.

Resumen Describimos la presencia, estructura, número de huevos y éxito de eclosión de los nidos de Rallus obsoletus levipes (rascón picudo), un ave protegida en México y Estados Unidos, durante las temporadas de anidación de 2016 a 2018 en el Estero de Punta Banda (EPB), Ensenada, Baja California, México. El número de huevos por nido fue de 6, 7 u 8 y el éxito de eclosión de 0, 75 o 100%. Asimismo reportamos la abundancia y densidad de Geukensia demissa (mejillón rayado, un bivalvo invasor) en el sitio de estudio. Las densidades de G. demissa por zona de marisma fueron: Marisma Interna (MI) 5.36/m2, Marisma Media (MM) 6.94 y Marisma Externa (ME) 3.52. El número de bivalvos no es independiente de la zona de marisma, p < 0.001. Documentamos la muerte de dos polluelos de R. o. levipes encontrados muertos y ahogados en las valvas de G. demissa durante mareas altas en el EPB. No encontramos una asociación entre la cobertura vegetal dominante, Spartia foliosa y Salicornia spp. y la presencia de G. demissa. Su presencia parece ser independiente de la presencia de vegetación. La permanencia de R. o. levipes en el EPB depende de un mejor conocimiento de la población y sus interacciones con G. demissa y otras amenazas en el EPB. Discutimos el rol de G. demissa en el futuro de R. o. levipes en el EPB. Se deben elaborar propuestas para que los sitios con una elevación mayor al nivel medio de marea sean considerados como críticos para la anidación y persistencia del ave.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate prevalence, clinical manifestations, laboratory abnormalities, treatment and outcome in a multicenter cohort of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients with and without panniculitis. Methods: Panniculitis was diagnosed due to painful subcutaneous nodules and/or plaques in deep dermis/subcutaneous tissues and lobular/mixed panniculitis with lymphocytic lobular inflammatory infiltrate in skin biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using Bonferroni correction(p < 0.004). Results: Panniculitis was observed in 6/847(0.7%) cSLE. Painful subcutaneous erythematosus and indurated nodules were observed in 6/6 panniculitis patients and painful subcutaneous plaques in 4/6. Generalized distribution was evidenced in 3/6 and localized in upper limbs in 2/6 and face in 1/6. Cutaneous hyperpigmentation and/or cutaneous atrophy occurred in 5/6. Histopathology features showed lobular panniculitis without vasculitis in 5/6(one of them had concomitant obliterative vasculopathy due to antiphospholipid syndrome) and panniculitis with vasculitis in 1/6. Comparison between cSLE with panniculitis and 60 cSLE without panniculitis with same disease duration [2.75(0-11.4) vs. 2.83(0-11.8) years,p = 0.297], showed higher frequencies of constitutional involvement (67% vs. 10%,p = 0.003) and leukopenia (67% vs. 7%,p = 0.002). Cutaneous atrophy and hyperpigmentation occurred in 83% of patients. Conclusions: Panniculitis is a rare skin manifestation of cSLE occurring in the first three years of disease with considerable sequelae. The majority of patients have concomitant mild lupus manifestations.

In this study we report the characterization of a leachate contaminated site, by following a methodology that integrates geophysical and geohydrological data to better constrain a hydrogeological model. The characterization of the site (subsurface structure, soil characteristics) included six seismic refraction profiles, three electromagnetic lines using transient domain electromagnetic soundings (TDEM), two electric resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, five vertical electrical sounding (VES) and geohydrological testings and analysis to support the delimitation of the contaminant plume. The study area corresponds to the leachate lagoon of Oaxaca City landfill, southern Mexico. Its inferred hydrogeological model constitutes an example of the uselfuness of the integration of several diverse methods applied with the same objective, thus reducing the ambiguity of applying a single characterization technique. The results indicate that low resistivity values from 1.5 to 2.5 Ohm-m are related to a leachate polluted soil underlying the leachate lagoon and also associated with an anomaly enclosed in the rockbed. A displacement of the polluted plume to the SW from the lagoon was also detected. Water quality is quite good but the human activity in the study area confers a risk to the Zaachila aquifer.

Se reporta en este estudio la caracterización de una zona contaminada por lixiviados, siguiendo una metodología que integra datos geofísicos y geohidrológicos para proponer un modelo hidrogeológico del fenómeno. La caracterización del sitio (la estructura del subsuelo, y las características del suelo) incluyó seis perfiles sísmicos de refracción, tres líneas electromagnéticas (FDEM), dos perfiles eléctricos (ERT), cinco sondeos eléctricos verticales (SEV), y una serie de pruebas geohidrológicas para delimitar la pluma contaminante. El área de estudio corresponde a la laguna de lixiviados del relleno sanitario de la ciudad de Oaxaca, sur de México. El modelo hidrogeológico que se presenta constituye un ejemplo del potencial de la integración de varios métodos aplicados con el mismo objetivo; reduciendo así la ambigüedad de la respuesta geofísica. Los resultados indican que los valores de baja resistividad (1.5 a 2.5 Ohm-m) se relacionan con un suelo contaminado subyaciendo a la laguna de lixiviados y al medio fracturado. También se detectó un desplazamiento de la pluma contaminante hacia el SW de la laguna. La calidad del agua es buena, pero la actividad humana en el área de estudio confiere un riesgo para el acuífero superficial de Zaachila.

Com o desmatamento descontrolado das florestas há a formação de fragmentos de mata que, na maioria das vezes, se encontram em distintos estágios de regeneração, mantendo populações isoladas. Neste trabalho foi feita a análise dos padrões genéticos de populações de Eulaema nigrita de fragmentos de mata Atlântica de diferentes tamanhos e estágios sucessionais por meio de marcadores moleculares RAPD da região de Viçosa, MG. Pode-se verificar que a área dos fragmentos não apresentou efeito sobre a variabilidade genética em E. nigrita na direção predita pelos modelos de metapopulação. Uma mata de tamanho médio e bem preservada apresentou a menor variabilidade, enquanto matas grandes e pequenas foram estatisticamente iguais. As evidências sustentam que áreas rurais apresentam maior dispersão entre fragmentos, implicando maior similaridade entre as populações de fragmentos localizados em áreas rurais se comparados com fragmentos nas áreas urbanizadas.

With uncontrolled deforestation, forest fragments remain, which in most cases are in different stages of regeneration and present isolated populations. In the present study we analyzed the genetic patterns of Eulaema nigrita populations in seven Atlantic Forest fragments of different sizes and successional stages in the region of Viçosa, MG. This was done by RAPD molecular markers. We observed that the area of the fragments had no effect on the genetic variability of E. nigrita in the direction predicted by meta-population models. Medium-sized well-preserved woods presented the lowest variability, whereas large and small woods were statistically identical. The evidence supports the notion that rural areas present greater dispersal among fragments, implying greater similarity between the populations of fragments located in rural areas when compared to fragments in urban areas.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as perdas na colheita de soja em função da idade, velocidade de trabalho, sistema de trilha (axial e radial) e condição de propriedade das colhedoras (própria ou alugada), nas regiões do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba - MG, durante a colheita de soja da safra 2002-2003. A velocidade de trabalho das colhedoras e a rotação do cilindro de trilha também foram estudadas, à exceção de quando avaliadas como variável-função. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as perdas de grãos independem da velocidade das colhedoras e que as colhedoras com até cinco anos, independentemente da sua taxa de utilização anual, tiveram menores perdas do que as colhedoras com mais de seis anos. As colhedoras próprias apresentaram menores perdas comparadas com as alugadas, e as máquinas com sistema de trilha axial apresentaram menores perdas do que aquelas com sistema de trilha radial.

This work aimed the evaluation of soybean mechanical harvesting in Minas Gerais State, during 2002/2003 soybean crop, comparing grain losses according to harvester age, harvesting ground speed, track system (axial and radial) and property condition (proper or rented). Ground speed and tracking cylinder rotation were also studied except when they were evaluated as variable function. The results indicate that the harvesters up to five years old, independent of their rate of annual use, had lesser losses than the harvesters with more than six years. The proper harvesters had presented minors losses when comparing with rented and the machines with axial track system presented minors losses than those with radial track system.

INTRODUÇÃO: O número de casos notificados de tétano acidental no Estado de São Paulo sofreu redução. O declínio do número de casos de qualquer doença sempre traz transformações no seu perfil epidemiológico, que devem sempre ser analisadas para aprimorar as medidas preventivas. Assim, foi analisado o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos casos de tétano internados em hospital universitário de Campinas de 1989 a 1996. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo (série de casos). Todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de tétano de janeiro de 1989 a março de 1996, internados no hospital universitário, foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Catorze (28%) eram da zona rural e 36 (72%) da zona urbana. A idade média foi de 47,6 anos e a mediana de 49,5. Dos pacientes da zona rural, 42,8% tinham até 30 anos e 21,42% tinham mais de 50 anos, sendo a média 36,21 e a mediana 34,5; dos pacientes da zona urbana, 13,9% tinham até 30 anos e 58,3% mais de 50 anos, sendo a média de 52,2 e a mediana de 54,5. A letalidade foi de 20%, mais elevada nos pacientes curarizados (60%). CONCLUSÃO: Na região estudada existem dois padrões epidemiológicos: o rural, com maior número de jovens, refletindo uma vacinação inadequada, e o urbano, semelhante ao dos países desenvolvidos, com predomínio das faixas etárias mais altas.

INTRODUCTION: Notwithstanding its substantial decline over the last two decades, acquired tetanus is still a serious health problem in most developing countries. Epidemiological transition is often cited as an explanation for this decline, the increase in vaccination coverage of children being the most obvious cause. Few studies have looked carefully at the current epidemiological patterns of acquired tetanus in developing countries. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, retrospective (series of cases). An acute care 400 - bed university referral hospital situated in a densely populated and highly urbanized area in Southeastern Brazil (Campinas, SP). Patient records the data-base analysed were from the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit of the hospital. RESULTS: In the 57 month period from January 1989 to March 1996 fifty-three patients were admitted with a diagnosis of acquired tetanus. Fifty patients had clinical confirmation, 3 were otherwise diagnosed. Thirty-two (64%) were male and 18 (36%) female. Fourteen (28%) were from rural areas and 36 (72%) from urban. Mean age was 47.6 years, with a median of 49.5. Of the rural patients, 42.85% were under 30 years and 21.42% were over 50, mean age was 36.21 with a median of 34.5. Fewer urban patients were under 30 (13.88%) than over 50 (58.33%), mean age was 52.19 with a median of 54.5. Trismus was the most frequent (92.0%) clinical sign on admittance, followed by abdominal muscular rigidity (84.0%). Treatment measures were uniform and included tetanus immune globulin, antibiotics, surgical debridement of the wound when feasible, diazepan or curare depending on the intensity of spasms. In the second half of the study period, penicillin was replaced by metronidazol. Overall case fatality rate was 20%, in patients that had to receive curare, it was 60%. Hospitalization exceeded 21 days in 56% (28) of the cases, only 10% (5) had a hospital stay of less than 7 days. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of patients were from rural areas, despite an urbanization rate of more than 90%. In the Campinas region there are two different epidemiological patterns of acquired tetanus: a rural pattern, with a higher proportion of younger patients, determined by an inadequate immunization rate and an urban pattern, similar to that found in industrialized countries, with a higher proportion of older patients. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is an obvious need to immunize older individuals in urban areas and young adults in rural areas. The elimination of acquired tetanus will only be achieved with a wider and more intensive adult vaccination program.

INTRODUÇÃO: O número de casos notificados de tétano acidental no Estado de São Paulo sofreu redução. O declínio do número de casos de qualquer doença sempre traz transformações no seu perfil epidemiológico, que devem sempre ser analisadas para aprimorar as medidas preventivas. Assim, foi analisado o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos casos de tétano internados em hospital universitário de Campinas de 1989 a 1996. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo (série de casos). Todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de tétano de janeiro de 1989 a março de 1996, internados no hospital universitário, foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Catorze (28%) eram da zona rural e 36 (72%) da zona urbana. A idade média foi de 47,6 anos e a mediana de 49,5. Dos pacientes da zona rural, 42,8% tinham até 30 anos e 21,42% tinham mais de 50 anos, sendo a média 36,21 e a mediana 34,5; dos pacientes da zona urbana, 13,9% tinham até 30 anos e 58,3% mais de 50 anos, sendo a média de 52,2 e a mediana de 54,5. A letalidade foi de 20%, mais elevada nos pacientes curarizados (60%). CONCLUSÃO: Na região estudada existem dois padrões epidemiológicos: o rural, com maior número de jovens, refletindo uma vacinação inadequada, e o urbano, semelhante ao dos países desenvolvidos, com predomínio das faixas etárias mais altas.

INTRODUCTION: Notwithstanding its substantial decline over the last two decades, acquired tetanus is still a serious health problem in most developing countries. Epidemiological transition is often cited as an explanation for this decline, the increase in vaccination coverage of children being the most obvious cause. Few studies have looked carefully at the current epidemiological patterns of acquired tetanus in developing countries. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, retrospective (series of cases). An acute care 400 - bed university referral hospital situated in a densely populated and highly urbanized area in Southeastern Brazil (Campinas, SP). Patient records the data-base analysed were from the Epidemiological Surveillance Unit of the hospital. RESULTS: In the 57 month period from January 1989 to March 1996 fifty-three patients were admitted with a diagnosis of acquired tetanus. Fifty patients had clinical confirmation, 3 were otherwise diagnosed. Thirty-two (64%) were male and 18 (36%) female. Fourteen (28%) were from rural areas and 36 (72%) from urban. Mean age was 47.6 years, with a median of 49.5. Of the rural patients, 42.85% were under 30 years and 21.42% were over 50, mean age was 36.21 with a median of 34.5. Fewer urban patients were under 30 (13.88%) than over 50 (58.33%), mean age was 52.19 with a median of 54.5. Trismus was the most frequent (92.0%) clinical sign on admittance, followed by abdominal muscular rigidity (84.0%). Treatment measures were uniform and included tetanus immune globulin, antibiotics, surgical debridement of the wound when feasible, diazepan or curare depending on the intensity of spasms. In the second half of the study period, penicillin was replaced by metronidazol. Overall case fatality rate was 20%, in patients that had to receive curare, it was 60%. Hospitalization exceeded 21 days in 56% (28) of the cases, only 10% (5) had a hospital stay of less than 7 days. CONCLUSION: A high proportion of patients were from rural areas, despite an urbanization rate of more than 90%. In the Campinas region there are two different epidemiological patterns of acquired tetanus: a rural pattern, with a higher proportion of younger patients, determined by an inadequate immunization rate and an urban pattern, similar to that found in industrialized countries, with a higher proportion of older patients. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is an obvious need to immunize older individuals in urban areas and young adults in rural areas. The elimination of acquired tetanus will only be achieved with a wider and more intensive adult vaccination program.