In preparation for tracheal intubation during induction of anesthesia, the patient may be ventilated with 100% oxygen. To investigate the impact of acute isocapnic hyperoxia on endothelial activation and vascular remodeling, ten healthy young men (24±3 years) were exposed to 5-min normoxia (21% O2) and 10-min hyperoxia trials (100% O2). During hyperoxia, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM-1) (hyperoxia: 4.16±0.85 vs normoxia: 3.51±0.84 ng/mL, P=0.04) and tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) (hyperoxia: 8.40±3.84 vs normoxia: 5.73±2.15 pg/mL, P=0.04) increased, whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) activity (hyperoxia: 0.53±0.11 vs normoxia: 0.68±0.18 A.U., P=0.03) decreased compared to the normoxia trial. We concluded that even short exposure to 100% oxygen may affect endothelial activation and vascular remodeling.

Abstract The 2019 oil spill was the biggest in Brazilian history. Oil was found along more than 3,000 km of the Brazilian coastline, mainly in the Northeast, in more than 1,000 localities. This article analyzes the disaster’s damage using a sample of interviewers who were impacted - fishers, tourism and beach hawkers - distributed along 40 of the affected municipalities in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The socio-economic indicators obtained by the research show that the impacts were not homogeneous between the segments and cities researched. Localities specialized in tourism and with a workforce relatively more specialized in fishing were the most affected. Accordingly, the populations of fishers and beach hawkers suffered the most severe impacts in terms of income reduction and the sale of products. These agents report a negative impact of the disaster on their work activities of 73% (fishers) and 65% (beach vendors), while the lodging and food sectors reported losses in about 38% of the cases. The interviewees’ health indicators demonstrated that the volunteers at the oil spill clean- up suffered damage due to the exposure experienced, evidencing the public health emergency dimension of the disaster.

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic activity, such as accidental oil spills, are typical sources of urban mangrove pollution that may affect mangrove bacterial communities as well as their mobile genetic elements. To evaluate remediation strategies, we followed over the time the effects of a petroleum hydrocarbon degrading consortium inoculated on mangrove tree Avicennia schaueriana against artificial petroleum contamination in a phytoremediation greenhouse experiment. Interestingly, despite plant protection due to the inoculation, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from the total community DNA indicated that the different treatments did not significantly affect the bacterial community composition. However, while the bacterial community was rather stable, pronounced shifts were observed in the abundance of bacteria carrying plasmids. A PCR-Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated an increase in the abundance of IncP-9 catabolic plasmids. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of naphthalene dioxygenase (ndo) genes amplified from cDNA (RNA) indicated the dominance of a specific ndo gene in the inoculated petroleum amendment treatment. The petroleum hydrocarbon degrading consortium characterization indicated the prevalence of bacteria assigned to Pseudomonas spp., Comamonas spp. and Ochrobactrum spp. IncP-9 plasmids were detected for the first time in Comamonas sp. and Ochrobactrum spp., which is a novelty of this study.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia da PCR quantitativa (qPCR) realizada em amostras de pele íntegra congelada (FT) e parafinada (FFPE). Trata-se de um estudo de validação, com amostras provenientes de 46 cães de uma área endêmica no Brasil. Após as coletas de amostras, as extrações de DNA foram realizadas utilizando-se kits comerciais, e a qPCR foi orientada para alvos do kDNA da espécie Leishmania infantum. Os resultados obtidos para as amostras FFPE foram 63,6% de sensibilidade e 77,1% de especificidade; para as amostras FT, 100% e 48,6%, respectivamente. A concordância dos resultados da técnica de qPCR com amostras FT e FFPE foi pobre. Os resultados sugerem que o congelamento é o método mais adequado de conservação para banco de amostras para recuperação de DNA.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the accuracy of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed on samples of fresh frozen tissue (FT) and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) healthy skin. This is a validation study conducted with samples from 46 dogs from an endemic area in Brazil. After sample collection, DNA extractions were conducted using commercial kits and qPCR was oriented to kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) targets of the Leishmania infantum species. The results obtained for the FFPE samples showed 63.6% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity, whereas those obtained for the FT samples showed 100% and 48.6%, respectively. Poor agreement was observed for the results of the qPCR technique with FT and FFPE samples. Our results suggest freezing as the most suitable conservation method for the formation of sample databases considering DNA recovery

Resumo A piomiosite é uma infecção piogênica da musculatura esquelética, decorrente da disseminação hematogênica e geralmente acompanhada de formação de abscesso localizado. Esta infecção da musculatura é raramente descrita em adultos com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) e, até onde se sabe, ainda não o foi em pacientes com LES juvenil (LESJ). De nossos 289 pacientes com LESJ, uma apresentou piomiosite. Diagnosticada com LESJ aos 10 anos de idade e após seis anos de tratamento com prednisona, azatioprina e hidroxicloroquina, a paciente foi hospitalizada em razão de um histórico de 30 dias de dor insidiosa na coxa esquerda, sem relato algum de trauma aparente ou febre. O exame físico mostrou músculos sensíveis e com endurecimento lenhoso. Os exames laboratoriais revelaram anemia, aumento de reagentes de fase aguda e enzimas musculares normais. A tomografia computadorizada da coxa esquerda mostrou coleção no terço médio do vasto intermédio, sugerindo estágio purulento de piomiosite. Iniciou-se tratamento com antibiótico de largo espectro, que levou à resolução clínica completa. Em suma, descreveu-se o primeiro caso de piomiosite em pacientes com LESJ encontrado neste serviço. Este relato reforça que a presença de dor muscular localizada em pacientes imunocomprometidos, ainda que sem aumento de enzimas musculares, deve sugerir o diagnóstico de piomiosite. Recomenda-se tratamento imediato com antibióticos.

Abstract Pyomyositis is a pyogenic infection of skeletal muscle that arises from hematogenous spread and usually presents with localized abscess. This muscle infection has been rarely reported in adult-onset systemic lupus erythematous and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been diagnosed in pediatric lupus population. Among our childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous population, including 289 patients, one presented pyomyositis. This patient was diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous at the age of 10 years-old. After six years, while being treated with prednisone, azathioprine and hydroxychloroquine, she was hospitalized due to a 30-day history of insidious pain in the left thigh and no apparent trauma or fever were reported. Her physical examination showed muscle tenderness and woody induration. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, increased acute phase reactants and normal muscle enzymes. Computer tomography of the left thigh showed collection on the middle third of the vastus intermedius, suggesting purulent stage of pyomyositis. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotic was initiated, leading to a complete clinical resolution. In conclusion, we described the first case of pyomyositis during childhood in pediatric lupus population. This report reinforces that the presence of localized muscle pain in immunocompromised patients, even without elevation of muscle enzymes, should raise the suspicion of pyomyositis. A prompt antibiotic therapy is strongly recommended.

A prática regular de exercício físico promove a melhoria do estado geral de saúde e é fundamental para a prevenção de um grande número de patologias, entre as quais se encontram as doenças músculo-esqueléticas. A promoção da atividade física e dos seus efeitos benéficos para a saúde têm contribuído para o rápido crescimento do número de crianças e adolescentes envolvidos em atividades desportivas organizadas ou recreativas que, infelizmente, tem sido acompanhado por um significativo aumento do número de lesões relacionadas com a sua prática. Tendo em conta que o sistema músculo-esquelético das crianças e adolescentes se encontra ainda em desenvolvimento, a sobrecarga associada, em especial, à prática de modalidades desportivas de competição poderá ter reflexos de longo prazo para a sua saúde. Este artigo visa fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais aspetos relacionados com as lesões músculo-esqueléticas associadas à prática desportiva das crianças e adolescentes, incluindo os aspetos éticos envolvidos, assim como identificar alguns dos principais fatores de risco e apontar algumas das medidas a adotar para a sua prevenção.

Regular physical activity promotes better general state of health and is essential for the prevention of many illnesses, including musculoskeletal disorders. The promotion of both physical activity and its beneficial effects on health have contributed to the fast growth in the number of children and adolescents involved in organized or recreational sports activities which, unfortunately, has been followed by a significant increase on the number of injuries related to its practice. Taking into account that children and adolescents musculoskeletal system is still developing, its overuse particularly associated to competition sports activities may have long-term effects on their health. This paper aims to review the main questions of sports-related musculoskeletal disorders in children and adolescents, including the involved ethical issues, as well as to identify some of the main risk factors and to point out some of the measures to be adopted for its prevention.

Este estudo verificou a proporção de adolescentes expostos aos comportamentos de risco à saúde (CRS) e ao excesso de peso corporal (EP), bem como identificou suas associações com a faixa etária e o sexo, em adolescentes de um município brasileiro. Foram avaliados 669 escolares com idades entre 10 e 15 anos. O questionário adaptado do “Global School-Based Student Health Survey” (GSHS) foi utilizado para obter as informações dos CRS e do EP. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, qui-quadrado e regressão binária. Foram identificadas elevadas proporções de CRS e EP. Rapazes de 13 a 15 anos tiveram 75% mais chances de passar tempo excessivo em atividades sedentárias e 93% mais chances de consumir bebidas alcoólicas, quando comparados aos rapazes de 10 a 12 anos. As moças mais velhas apresentaram 2.2 vezes mais chances de consumir doces em excesso e 2.57 vezes mais chances de consumir bebidas alcoólicas do que seus pares mais jovens. Entretanto, os rapazes e as moças mais velhos tiveram efeito protetor para o comportamento insuficientemente ativo e o EP, respectivamente. Os principais resultados apontam que ser adolescente de 13 a 15 anos foi fator de risco para as variáveis de tempo sedentário, consumo excessivo de doces e álcool.

This study verified the proportion of adolescents exposed to health-related risk behaviors (HRRB) and excess of body weight (EBW) as well as their associations to age group and gender in adolescents from a Brazilian municipal district. A sample of 669 students aged between 10 and 15 years were evaluated. The adapted questionnaire of Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) was used to obtain information related to HRRB and EBW. Descriptive statistics, qui-square and binary regression were applied. High proportions of HRRB and EBW were identified. Boys aged between 13 and 15 years had 75% more chance of spending excessive time in sedentary activities and 93% more chance of consuming alcoholic beverage when compared with boys aged 10 and 12 years. Older girls had 2.20 times more chance of consuming sweets in excess and 2.57 times more chance of consuming alcoholic beverage than younger girls. Main results showed that being a teenager between the ages of 13 to 15 represented a risk factor for sedentary time, excessive consumption of sweets and alcohol.

RESUMO As formigas têm uma distribuição mundial e representam importante papel no ecossistema. Algumas espécies são consideradas pragas para a agricultura e um risco potencial à vida humana e à saúde pública veiculando mecanicamente agentes patogênicos. Formigas como Paratrechina longicornis e Camponotus spp. têm sido encontradas em ambientes hospitalares. O foco do presente estudo foi a identificação de micobactérias em 138 amostras de formigas (137 Paratrechina longicornis e apenas uma Camponotus sp.), que tiveram acesso a áreas de laboratórios de diagnóstico de tuberculose. Essas formigas foram suspensas em solução salina estéril que foi semeada em meios de Petragnani e Stonebrink, incubadas a 37º C por até 90 dias e as estirpes de micobactérias isoladas foram identificadas pelas técnicas clássicas como micobactérias ambientais (sendo 1 Mycobacterium smegmatis, 2 Mycobacterium fortuitum peregrinum e 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Esses resultados mostram que as formigas podem também se constituir vetores de dispersão de micobactérias em ambientes de risco, reforçando sua importância em saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Ants are found worldwide playing an important environmental role. Some species are considered as agricultural pests and potential risk to human life and public health acting as pathogens carriers. Ants as Paratrechina longicornis and Camponotus spp. have been found inside hospitals. The aim of this study was the research of mycobacteria in 138 samples of ants (137 Paratrechina longicornis and only one Camponotus spp.) which got into the laboratories of tuberculosis diagnosis. These ants were suspended in sterile saline solution and inoculated into Petragnani and Stonebrink media, incubated at 37° C until 90 days and the isolates were identified as environmental mycobacteria (1 Mycobacterium fortuitum peregrinum, 1 Mycobacterium smegmatis) and 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. These results showed that ants should also act as mechanical vectors of mycobacteria dissemination in risk environments, reinforcing their significance in public health.

Macrolides represent the 10-15% of the world-wide market of oral antibiotics. They are one of the safer groups of antibiotics, being the severe adverse reactions very rare. They can produce gastrointestinal reactions, hepatotoxicity and ototoxicity. The psychiatric reactions are found sporadically among the adverse effects. Cases reported to the FDA showed that clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin are the most frequent antibiotics associated with the development of mania. The syndrome has been termed antibiomania. We present three clinical cases seen in a Primary Care office in the last year with similar pictures of hyperactivity and aggressiveness coinciding with the administration of antibiotics of the family of the macrolides.

Los macrólidos representan el 10-15% del mercado mundial de antibióticos orales. Son uno de los grupos de antibióticos más seguros; las reacciones adversas graves son muy raras. Pueden producir reacciones gastrointestinales, hepatotoxicidad y ototoxicidad. Además, las reacciones psiquiátricas se encuentran entre los efectos adversos esporádicamente asociados con su administración, aunque su mecanismo no está bien establecido. Casos descritos en la Food and Drug Administration (FDA) de EE.UU. muestran que la claritromicina y el ciprofloxacino son los antibióticos más frecuentemente asociados con el desarrollo de manía. Este término ha sido denominado antibiomanía. Presentamos tres casos clínicos vistos en una consulta de Atención Primaria en el período de un año con cuadros similares de hiperactividad y agresividad, coincidiendo con la administración de antibióticos de la familia de los macrólidos.

A viabilidade de uma formulação do fungo Monacrosporium sinense foi avaliada no controle de nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de bovinos. Dois grupos de 10 bezerros cada um, mestiços Holandês x Zebu, de seis a nove meses de idade, foram colocados em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha. Em um dos grupos, cada animal recebeu 20g de péletes em matriz de alginato de sódio, contendo massa miceliana do fungo M. sinense via oral, duas vezes por semana, durante seis meses, com início no mês de outubro; no outro grupo, controle, os bezerros não receberam esse tratamento. As contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e de larvas infectantes por kg de matéria seca foram maiores (P<0,05) no grupo-controle, e a diferença entre o OPG dos dois grupos, no final do experimento, foi de 79%. A viabilidade dos péletes em germinar e a atividade predatória do fungo após o encapsulamento foram avaliadas in vitro. A porcentagem de péletes com cultivo positivo para o fungo variou entre 90 e 100%, e o percentual de redução de larvas infectantes in vitro variou entre 90,6 e 100%. A aplicação de péletes de M. sinense na dosagem e periodicidade usadas são eficazes no biocontrole de nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de bovinos.

The viability of a formulation of the fungus Monacrosporium sinense was evaluated as control of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes parasites. Two groups were used and they were made up of 10 Holstein X Zebu crossbred, six to eight-month-old. They were grazing on Brachiaria brizantha pasture. In the treated group, each animal received orally, twice a week 20g of pellets of sodium alginate containing mycelial of the fungus M. sinense, during six months, with the onset in October. In the control group, the calves did not receive that treatment. The counting of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the counting of infective larvae per kg of dry matter were higher (P<0.05) in the control group than in the treated group. The difference of the EPG between the groups at the end of the experimental period was 79%. The viability of the pellets germination and the predatory activity of the fungus after the encapsulation were evaluated in vitro. The percentage of pellets with positive culture for fungus varied between 90-100% and the percentage of reduction of infective larvae varied between 90.6-100%. The use of that dose and the periodic application of M. sinense pellets were efficient as control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites.

A viabilidade de uma formulação do fungo Monacrosporium thaumasium (Drechsler, 1937) foi avaliada no controle biológico de nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de bovinos. Dois grupos de sete bezerras cada, mestiças Holandês ´ Zebu, de quatro a seis meses de idade, foram colocados em pastagens de Cynodon dactilon. No grupo A, cada animal recebeu 20g de pellets (formulação granulada) de M. thaumasium via oral, duas vezes por semana, durante quatro meses, com início na estação chuvosa (outubro, 2001). No grupo B (controle), as bezerras não receberam nenhum tratamento. As contagens de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG) e das larvas infectantes encontradas na pastagem do grupo B foram significativamente maiores (P<0,05) do que as do grupo A e a diferença entre o OPG dos animais dos grupos A e B, no final do experimento, foi de 88,8%. O gênero Cooperia foi o mais prevalente em ambas as pastagens. Conclui-se que a aplicação de pellets de M. thaumasium na dosagem e periodicidade de aplicação usadas foi eficiente no controle de nematóides parasitos gastrintestinais de bovinos.

The viability of a formulation of the fungus Monacrosporium thaumasium (Drechsler, 1937) was evaluated for the biological control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites. Two groups of seven female calves each, Holstein ´ Zebu crossbred, four to six months of age, were placed in Cynodon dactilon pastures. In group A, each animal received via oral 20g of pellets of M. thaumasium twice a week during a four-month period that began with the onset of the rainy season (October, 2001). In group B (control), the calves did not receive any treatment. The counts of eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) for animals of the group B were significantly greater (P<0.05) than those for animals from group A and the difference of the EPG between the animals from groups A and B at the end of the experimental period was 88.8%. Cooperia was the most prevalent genus. It is concluded that the use of this dose and the periodicity of application of M. thaumasium pellets were efficient in the control of bovine gastrointestinal nematode parasites.

Espécies de artrópodos entomófagos foram coletadas e identificadas nos genótipos sorgo AF-28, IAC-83/75-5-1-6, TX-2536, BR-300, IPA-201 e SAR, no Município de Selvíria, MS. Foram conduzidos três experimentos em campo, com os genótipos sendo semeados em 03/1988, 10/1988 e 02/1989, respectivamente. Para contagem dos artrópodos entomófagos, no início do florescimento foram marcadas 560 panículas por genótipo. Após esse momento, diariamente e durante 14 dias seguidos, foram coletadas 40 panículas por genótipo (10 por parcela). Nas coletas foram utilizados sacos plásticos com 10 litros de capacidade para envolver as panículas e capturar os artrópodos presentes. As panículas coletadas foram levadas para o Laboratório de Entomologia da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, SP, para separação, contagem e identificação dos artrópodos. Nas panículas provenientes da semeadura da seca coletou-se, em média, maior número de artrópodos entomófagos em relação à semeadura das águas. Dos artrópodos entomófagos coletados, as aranhas apresentaram maior número de espécies e, desses, a tecelã Alpaida veniliae (Keys.), a aranha corredora noturna Cheiracanthium inclusum (Blackwall), e a caçadora de emboscada, Misumenops pallidus (Keys.), foram as mais abundantes. O genótipo de sorgo IPA-201 comportou-se como o mais atrativo ao percevejo Orius sp. e à tesourinha Doru lineare (Eschs.), enquanto que o IAC-83/75-5-1-6 foi medianamente atrativo a D. lineare. As aranhas foram coletadas em maior número nos genótipos BR-300 e SART.

In the present work we studied the abundance of entomophagous arthropods in panicles of sorghum genotypes in Selvíria, MS. Three experiments were conducted under field conditions and the genotypes were sowed in March/1988, October/1988 and February/1989, respectively. For subsequent counts of entomophagous arthropods, 560 panicles were marked per genotype in the beginning of the flowering. In the sequence, 40 panicles per genotype were collected daily for the next 14 days and placed in 10-litre bags. These bags were taken to the Laboratory of Entomology of FEIS/UNESP, for separation, counting and identification of the collected arthropods. Larger numbers of entomophagous arthropods were collected in sorghum sowed in the dry season than in that sowed in the wet season. Among the entomophagous arthropods collected, the spiders represented the larger number of species and these included the orb weaver Alpaida veniliae (Keys.), the nocturnal running spider Cheiracanthium inclusum (Blackwall), and the ambusher Misumenops pallidus (Keys.) as the most abundant species; the sorghum genotype IPA-201 was the most attractive to Orius sp. and Doru lineare (Eschs.), while IAC-83/75-5-1-6 presented medium attractiveness to D. lineare; spiders were collected in larger numbers in the genotypes BR-300 and SART.