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1.
Helminth fauna of Norops fuscoauratus (D’Orbigny, 1837) (Squamata: Dactyloidae) in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil
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Campos, I. H. M. P.
; Oliveira, C. N.
; Araújo-Neto, J. V.
; Brito, S. V.
; Guarnieri, M. C.
; Ribeiro, S. C.
.
Resumo A composição de macro endoparasitas associada com o lagarto Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) foi analisada em duas localidades da Mata Atlântica no nordeste do Brasil, entre dezembro de 2012 e julho de 2015. 74 espécimes foram examinados e cinco espécies de helmintos foram encontradas, sendo: (a) para a população de Pernambuco: Cistacanto (Prevalência=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalência=4.16%), larva de platelminto (Prevalência=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =2.08%) e Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalência =2.08%) e (b) Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalência=17.85%) e Rhabdias sp. (Prevalência =3.57%). As diferenças na composição dos endoparasitas nas duas populações pode ser atribuída as individualidades dos ambientes ocupados por esses lagartos. O período de coleta não influenciou na abundância de parasitas, mas quando associado com o sexo, houve uma correlação positiva com a abundância de helmintos, com mais fêmeas do que machos, infectadas na estação chuvosa.
Abstract The composition of macro endoparasites associated with the lizard Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata) was analysed in two localities in the Atlantic Forest on the northeast of Brazil between December 2012 and July 2015. 74 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were examined and five species of helminths were reported, being: (a) for the population of Pernambuco: Cystacanth (Prevalence=37.5%), Physaloptera retusa Rudolphi, 1819 (Prevalence=4.16%), larva of flatworm (Prevalence=2.08%), Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=2.08%) and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923 (Prevalence=2.08%), and (b) of Alagoas: S. oscari (Prevalence=17.85%) and Rhabdias sp. (Prevalence=3.57%). The differences in the composition of endoparasites in the two populations are attributed to individualities of environments occupied by the lizards. The collection period does not influence the abundance of parasites, but when associated with sex, there was a positive correlation with the abundance of helminths, with more females than males being infected with parasites in the rainy season.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.241819
355 downloads
2.
Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes in Very Elderly Patients (≥75 years) with Renal Cell Carcinoma: Data from the Latin American Renal Cancer Group
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Garza-Gangemi, Adrián M.
; Castillejos-Molina, Ricardo A.
; Gueglio, Guillermo
; Tobia-Gonzalez, Ignacio P.
; Jurado, Alberto M.
; Meza-Montoya, Luis
; Scorticati, Carlos H.
; Henriques-da-Costa, Walter
; Yandian, Juan
; Ubillos, Luis
; Glina, Sidney
; Tobias-Machado, Marcos
; Rodríguez-Faba, Oscar
; Ameri, Carlos
; Nolazco, Alejandro
; Martinez, Pablo
; Franco Carvalhal, Gustavo
; Bengio, Ruben G.
; Arribillaga, Leandro Cristian
; Langenhin, Raúl
; Muguruza, Diego
; Campos-Salcedo, José G.
; Bravo-Castro, Edgar I.
; Mingote, Pablo A.
; Ginestar, Nicolás
; Autran-Gomez, Ana M.
; Puente, Roberto
; Decia, Ricardo
; Cardoso-Guimarães, Gustavo
; Palou-Redorta, Joan
; Abreu-Clavijo, Diego
; Cassio-Zequi, Stenio de
; Rodriguez-Covarrubias, Francisco T.
.
Background: The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing globally due to an aging population and widespread use of imaging studies. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and perioperative outcomes of RCC surgery in very elderly patients (VEP), ≥ 75 years of age. Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study of 3656 patients who underwent the treatment for RCC from 1990 to 2015 in 28 centers from eight Latin American countries. We compared baseline characteristics as well as clinical and perioperative outcomes according to age groups (<75 vs. ≥75 years). Surgical complications were classified with the Clavien-Dindo score. We performed logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with perioperative complications. Results: There were 410 VEP patients (11.2%). On bivariate analysis, VEP had a lower body mass index (p < 0.01) and higher ASA score (ASA >2 in 26.3% vs. 12.4%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in performance status and clinical stage between the study groups. There were no differences in surgical margins, estimated blood loss (EBL), complication, and mortality rates (1.3% vs. 0.4%, p = 0.17). On multivariate regression analysis, age ≥75 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.33, p < 0.01), EBL ≥ 500 cc (OR 3.34, p < 0.01), and > pT2 stage (OR 1.63, p = 0.04) were independently associated with perioperative complications. Conclusions: Surgical resection of RCC was safe and successful in VEP. Age ≥75 years was independently associated with 30-day perioperative complications. However, the vast majority were low-grade complications. Age alone should not guide decision-making in these patients, and treatment must be tailored according to performance status and severity of comorbidities. (REV INVEST CLIN. 2020;72(5):308-15)
https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.20000018
141 downloads
3.
Effect of Bacillus strains alone and in interaction with phytopathogenic fungi on plant growth and tomato fruit quality
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Ruiz-Cisneros, M. F.
; Ornelas-Paz, J. J.
; Olivas-Orozco, G. I.
; Acosta-Muñiz, C. H.
; Sepúlveda-Ahumada, D. R.
; Zamudio-Flores, P. B.
; Berlanga-Reyes, D. I.
; Salas-Marina, M. A.
; Cambero-Campos, O. J.
; Rios-Velasco, C.
.
Abstract An alternative to promote the quality of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicon L.) and reduce the indirect effects of phytopathogenic fungi that cause root and crown diseases, might be the use of antagonistic bacteria of the Bacillus genus. The aim of the study was to determine the effect, of three Bacillus strains alone and together in interaction with phytopathogenic fungi on the plant growth promotion of tomato cv. Merlice and fruit quality. For this purpose, seedlings were inoculated with three Bacillus species (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. methylotrophicus and B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum) and then with three phytopathogenic fungi of tomato (Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Phytophthora infestans). At the end of the production cycle, the height and weight of plants, the length and weight of roots, chlorophyll in leaves, and the fruit yield, was determined. The fruits harvested were characterized for color, weight, size, mesocarp thickness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, bromatological analysis, firmness, and number and weight of seeds. Bacillus inoculation with the three strains resulted in higher values among the variables evaluated. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased plant height and root length and yield by 30 %, whereas the phytopathogen F. oxysporum significantly decreased yield in 30 %. Bacillus subtilis strain showed positive effects on fruit diameter and firmness, protein content and root length. The three Bacillus strains promoted the growth of tomato plants, yield and improved some of their fruit quality parameters.
Resumen Una alternativa para promover la calidad del fruto de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicon L.) y aminorar los efectos indirectos de hongos fitopatógenos causantes de enfermedades de raíz y cuello puede ser el uso de bacterias antagonistas del género Bacillus. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de tres cepas de Bacillus solas y en interacción con tres hongos fitopatógenos en la promoción del crecimiento de plantas de jitomate cv. Merlice y calidad del fruto. Para este propósito, se inocularon plántulas con tres especies de Bacillus (B. amyloliquefaciens, B. methylotrophicus y B. subtilis subsp. inaquosorum), y después con tres hongos fitopatógenos del jitomate (Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum y Phytophthora infestans). Al final del ciclo de producción, se determinaron, la altura y peso de las plantas; longitud y peso de raíces; y clorofila en hojas y el rendimiento. Los frutos cosechados se caracterizaron por color, peso, tamaño, espesor del mesocarpio, sólidos solubles totales, acidez titulable, composición bromatológica, firmeza, y número y peso de semillas. La inoculación con las tres cepas de Bacillus resultó en los valores más altos en la mayoría de las variables evaluadas. B. amyloliquefaciens incrementó significativamente la altura de la planta, longitud de raíz y el rendimiento en un 30 %, mientras que el fitopatógeno F. oxysporum redujo el rendimiento 30 %. Bacillus subtilis mostró efectos positivos en el diámetro y firmeza del fruto, contenido de proteínas y longitud de raíz. Las tres cepas de Bacillus promovieron el crecimiento de las plantas y el rendimiento y mejoraron algunos parámetros de calidad del fruto.
https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.06.e541
353 downloads
4.
Evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de 25 plantas provenientes de una Reserva de Conservación Biológica de Costa Rica
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CHINCHILLA-CARMONA, MISAEL
; VALERIO-CAMPOS, IDALIA
; SÁNCHEZ-PORRAS, RONALD
; MORA-CHAVES, VÍCTOR
; BAGNARELLO-MADRIGAL, VANESSA
; MARTÍNEZ-ESQUIVEL, LAURA
; GONZÁLEZ-PANIAGUA, ANTONIETA
; VANEGAS, JUAN CARLOS
.
An evaluation of the antimalarial activity of the leaves, flowers, fruits, bark and roots of 25 plants from the Reserve Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological (REBAMB) was performed. The reserve is located in San Ramon, Alajuela, Costa Rica and the plants studied were Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl., Aphelandra tridentata Hemsl. (Acanthaceae), Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch & C.D. Bouché) K. Koch. (Araceae), Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav. (Arecaceae), Neurolaena lobata (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae), Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC., Pterocarpus hayesii Hemsl., Senna papillosa (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby., Cinnamomum chavarrianum (Hammel) Kosterm. (Fabaceae), Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb., Persea povedae W.C. Burger. (Lauraceae), Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm.) Standl. (Malvaceae), Guarea glabra Vahl., Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch. (Meliaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Bocconia frutescens L. (Papaveraceae), Piper friedrichsthalii C. DC. (Piperaceae), Clematis dioica L. (Ranunculaceae), Prunus annularis Koehne. (Rosaceae), Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. & Endl.) A. DC. (Siparunaceae), Solanum arboreum Dunal., Witheringia solanacea L'Hér. (Solanaceae), Ticodendron incognitum Gómez-Laur. & L.D. Gómez. (Ticodendraceae), Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz. (Tiliaceae) y Myriocarpa longipes Liebm. (Urticaceae). The fresh and dry alcoholic extracts were evaluated in Swiss mice for their inhibitory activity on multiplication of Plasmodium berghei. When making the test IC50, the only plants whose activity (mg kg-1 of body weight) was relevant were: 12 for bark in B. frutescens, 18 for root in H. appendiculata, 14 for root in I. deltoidea, 4 for unripe fruits in M. longipes, 21 for root in N. membranacea, 19 for young leaves in P. povedae and 16 for unripe fruits in S. tecaphora. The fresh extracts showed greater antimalarial activity than those previously dried. This study is a contribution to the knowledge of potential medicinal value of botanical biodiversity of Costa Rica.
Se realizó una evaluación in vivo de la actividad antimalárica de las hojas, flores, frutos, corteza y raíz de 25 plantas de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (REBAMB), situada en San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Las plantas estudiadas fueron Aphelandra aurantiaca (Scheidw.) Lindl., Aphelandra tridentata Hemsl. (Acanthaceae), Xanthosoma undipes (K. Koch & C.D. Bouché) K. Koch. (Araceae), Iriartea deltoidea Ruiz & Pav. (Arecaceae), Neurolaena lobata (L.) Cass. (Asteraceae), Lonchocarpus pentaphyllus (Poir.) Kunth ex DC., Pterocarpus hayesii Hemsl., Senna papillosa (Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby., Cinnamomum chavarrianum (Hammel) Kosterm. (Fabaceae), Nectandra membranacea (Sw.) Griseb., Persea povedae W.C. Burger. (Lauraceae), Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm.) Standl. (Malvaceae), Guarea glabra Vahl., Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch. (Meliaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Bocconia frutescens L. (Papaveraceae), Piper friedrichsthalii C. DC. (Piperaceae), Clematis dioica L. (Ranunculaceae), Prunus annularis Koehne. (Rosaceae), Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. & Endl.) A. DC. (Siparunaceae), Solanum arboreum Dunal., Witheringia solanacea L'Hér. (Solanaceae), Ticodendron incognitum Gómez-Laur. & L.D. Gómez. (Ticodendraceae), Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz. (Tiliaceae) y Myriocarpa longipes Liebm. (Urticaceae). Los extractos alcohólicos frescos y secos, fueron evaluados por su actividad inhibitoria de la parasitemia causada por Plasmodium berghei en ratones Swiss. Al realizar las prueba de CI50 las plantas en que esa actividad fue muy relevante fueron (en mg kg-1 de peso): 12 para la corteza de B. frutescens, 18 para la raíz de H. appendiculata, 14 para la raíz de I. deltoidea, 4 para el fruto inmaduro de M. longipes, 21 para la raíz de N. membranacea, 19 para las hojas tiernas de P. povedae y 16 para el fruto inmaduro de S. tecaphora. Los extractos frescos presentaron una mayor actividad antimalárica que los sometidos a desecación. Este estudio es una contribución más al conocimiento del valor potencial farmacológico de la biodiversidad botánica costarricense.
3874 downloads
Cited 2 times in SciELO
5.
Contributo para a melhoria de solos marginais destinados a pastagens pela aplicação de lama residual urbana, sem riscos ambientais
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Serrão, M. G.
; Domingues, H.
; Fernandes, M.
; Martins, J.
; Pires, F.
; Saraiva, I.
; Fareleira, P.
; Matos, N.
; Ferreira, E.
; Campos, A. M.
; Horta, C.
; Dordio, A.
.
A aplicação de lamas residuais urbanas (LRU) aos solos destinados a pastagens, ainda escassamente utilizada no País, contribui, com frequência, para melhorar os níveis de matéria orgânica (M.O.) e de alguns nutrientes das plantas e para diminuir o risco de erosão, pelo aumento da cobertura vegetal. Todavia, a presença eventual de níveis elevados de metais pesados, compostos orgânicos poluentes e organismos patogénicos nas LRU condiciona a dose a aplicar e torna imprescindível o controlo desses factores nos solos aos quais foram incorporadas. Também o teor elevado de azoto que por vezes contêm pode inibir a actividade simbiótica do rizóbio, prejudicando a sobrevivência das leguminosas na pastagem. Neste trabalho, examinaram-se a produção de matéria seca, a composição florística e o teor de cobre (Cu) na biomassa vegetal, em dois anos consecutivos de um ensaio com uma mistura pratense semeada para cortes sucessivos, instalado, no Outono de 2001, num Luvissolo Háplico de baixa fertilidade, em Mértola, ao qual foi aplicado LRU secundária proveniente da ETAR de Évora, com um elevado teor de Cu. No mesmo período, apreciou-se a evolução, na camada superficial do solo, dos teores de M.O., de alguns macronutrientes e do Cu extraível por água régia. Avaliouse, ainda, a grandeza da população rizobiana que nodula o trevo (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii) e procedeu-se à prospecção de indicadores de contaminação fecal (bactérias coliformes e enterococos). No ano seguinte à aplicação da LRU, examinou-se a evolução, no solo, de 11 compostos bifenilospoliclorados (PCBs), 13 pesticidas organoclorados e 16 hidrocarbonetos aromáticos polinucleares (PAHs). O ensaio, de blocos casualizados, teve como modalidades três níveis de LRU (L 0 = 0, L1 = 12 e L2 = 24 t/ha) e duas repetições. A mistura semeada incluiu azevém anual, panasco, cinco espécies de trevo, bisserula e serradela. Além de muito maiores produções de biomassa, por melhoria do teor de fósforo “assimilável” no solo, a LRU não provocou poluição do solo, um ano após a sua aplicação, quanto aos compostos orgânicos pesquisados, nem aumentou a flora microbiana patogénica, nos dois ciclos culturais. Contudo, a maior dose de LRU aumentou a concentração de Cu extraível por água régia no solo (0-10 cm) para níveis superiores ao máximo legislado em Portugal (100 mg kg-1) e reduziu apreciavelmente a população de rizóbio, no 1º ciclo cultural e a proporção de leguminosas, no 2º ciclo. Os teores foliares de Cu foram muito inferiores ao nível máximo tolerável para a dieta de pequenos ruminantes (25 mg kg-1), o que sugere, nitidamente, que da aplicação da LRU não deverão ocorrer efeitos nocivos para a nutrição animal. Face aos efeitos indesejáveis do nível mais elevado de LRU, a dose L1 (12 t/ha) seria a recomendável.
Sewage sludge (SS) application to soils reserved for pastures, still scarcely used in the country, often contributes to improve organic matter (O.M.) and some plant nutrient contents and to reduce the erosion risk, by increasing the soil vegetation cover. However, the occasional occurrence in SS of high levels of heavy metals, organic pollutant compounds, and pathogenic organisms restrict the SS rate to apply and makes indispensable their control in the soils to which they were applied. Also, the high nitrogen concentration often present in SS can inhibit the symbiotic rhizobium activity, with sequent damage in the leguminous species survival in grassland. In this work, dry matter yield, floristic composition, and copper (Cu) concentration in the plant biomass were evaluated, in two successive years of a field experiment with a sown pasture mixture, established in a poor Haplic Luvisol in the Mértola region. A biologically treated SS from Évora, rich in Cu, was applied. The evolution in the topsoil of the O.M., some plant nutrients, and aqua regia extractable Cu concentrations, was also examined for the same period. The magnitudes of the Rhizobium population (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii) and of some indicators of faecal contamination (coliform bacteria and enterococcus) were evaluated too. Moreover, the evolution in the soil superficial layer of 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 13 organ chlorine pesticides, and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations was examined for the 1st year following the SS application. The experiment, with a randomised block design, had three SS application rates (L0 = 0, L1 = 12, and L2 = 24 t/ha) as treatments and two replicates. The sown mixture consisted of Italian ryegrass, cocksfoot, five clover species, bird’s foot, and biserrula. Besides much higher biomass production, induced by higher soil available phosphorus concentration, the added SS neither polluted the soil with the analysed organic compounds, one year after application, nor increased the pathogenic microbial flora in two consecutive years. However, at the highest SS rate, soil aqua regia extractable Cu (0-10 cm depth) exceeded the maximum Portuguese legislated level in soil (100 mg kg-1), the rhizobium population was also reduced at the beginning of the 1st growing season, and legume percentage decreased at the 2nd growing season. The plant Cu concentrations were much lower than the maximum tolerable levels (25 mg kg-1) for the small ruminant’s diet, strongly suggesting that the SS application will not have damaging effects on the animal nutrition. Due to the undesirable effects of the L2 application rate, the L1 rate (12 t/ha) would be recommended for fertilizer purposes.
1238 downloads
6.
Resúmenes
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Abad, P.
; Abreu, P.
; Acencio, N.
; Acevedo, S.
; Acevedo, V.
; Agohn, R.
; Albornoz, L.
; Alvarez, P.
; Arana, C.
; Arango, A.
; Arango, J. J.
; Arbeláez, A.
; Arbeláez, L. E.
; Arboleda, W.
; Arenas, A.
; Arenas, I. C.
; Arias, M. L.
; Aristizábal, A.
; Aristizábal, D.
; Arrieta, E.
; Arrieta, M.
; Arroyave, H.
; Arroyo, J. A.
; Arteaga, F.
; Ascione, G.
; Asenjo, R.
; Astudillo, B.
; Atehortúa, L. H.
; Badel, A.
; Badiel, M.
; Balestrini, S.
; Barragán, R.
; Barrera, C.
; Barrera, J. C.
; Barrera, J. G.
; Benítez, L. M.
; Bermúdez, M. J.
; Bernal, O.
; Betancourt, J.
; Betancourt, J.
; Blanco, G.
; Bohórquez, R.
; Bravo, D.
; Bresciani, R.
; Builes, A.
; Buitrago, L
; Burgoa, A.
; Báez, L. P.
; Cabrales, J.
; Cabrales, M.
; Cabrera, C.
; Cadavid, A. M.
; Cadavid, E.
; Cadena, R.
; Caicedo, L. C.
; Caicedo, V.
; Calderón, J.
; Calderón, L. I.
; Camacho, J.
; Camacho, P.
; Camacho, P. A.
; Camargo, D. M.
; Campos, M. T.
; Campuzano, G.
; Capasso, A.
; Cardona, H.
; Cardona, J.
; Carreño, A.
; Carreño, M.
; Carrillo, G.
; Casariego, G.
; Cassalett, G.
; Castellanos, H.
; Castillo, M.
; Castillo, V.
; Castro, H.
; Castro, J.
; Castro, P.
; Cañas, E.
; Celis, A.
; Celis, L. A.
; Chávez, A.
; Chávez, J. C.
; Colorado, A.
; Contreras, E.
; Coral, A.
; Coronado, M.
; Correa, J. R.
; Corredor, S.
; Corzo, L.
; Corzo, O.
; Cotes, J. M.
; Cruz, A.
; Cubides, C.
; Cuellar, F.
; Cuervo, A.
; Cárdenas, A.
; Cárdenas, M.
; Cárdenas, M. E.
; Cárdenas, P. E.
; Cárdenas, W.
; De Viveros, C.
; Delgadillo, A.
; Delgado, J.
; Delgado, P.
; Donado, B. P.
; Donado, J. R.
; Duarte, E.
; Dueñas, R.
; Duque, J. G.
; Duque, M.
; Durango, L.
; Durán, A. E.
; Durán, M. A.
; Dávila, L. M.
; Díaz, A.
; Díaz, A. L.
; Díaz, C.
; Díaz, G.
; Díaz, L.
; Díaz, L. A.
; Díaz, L. H.
; Díaz, L.
; Díaz, M.
; Díaz, S.
; Díaz, V
; Echavarría, J.
; Echeverri, D.
; Echeverri, M.
; Echeverría, L.
; Echeverría, R.
; Erdmenger, J.
; Escobar, A.
; Escobar, C.
; Escobar, E.
; Escorcia, E.
; Espinosa, A.
; Espíndola, R.
; Estrada, G.
; Estrada, J.
; Estupiñán, A. M.
; Eusse, C.
; Fernández, A.
; Fernández, D.
; Fernández, H.
; Fernández, N.
; Fernández, O.
; Fernández, R.
; Flórez, M.
; Fontanilla, M. R.
; Fragozo, C. A.
; Franco, C.
; Franco, G.
; Franco, H. J.
; Franco, J.
; Franco, S.
; Gallo, J.
; Garcés, J.
; García, E.
; García, L.
; Garzón, M. E.
; Gaviria, A.
; Gil, E.
; Giraldo, D.
; Giraldo, J. A.
; Giraldo, JC.
; Giraldo, N.
; Gomesese, O. F.
; González, G.
; González, M.
; González, R.
; Gordillo, M.
; Guanes, R.
; Guerra, P.
; Guerrero, L.
; Guitérrez, L.
; Gulh, F.
; Gutiérrez, J.
; Gutiérrez, M.
; Guyatt, G.
; Guzmán, L.
; Guzmán, N.
; Gárces, J.
; Gómez, A.
; Gómez, C. A.
; Gómez, F.
; Gómez, G.
; Gómez, G. S.
; Gómez, J.
; Gómez, J. F.
; Gómez, M.
; Gómez, P. F.
; Hernández, A.
; Hernández, C.
; Hernández, E.
; Hernández, G.
; Hernández, H.
; Hernández, L.
; Hernández, N.
; Herrera, V. M.
; Hoyos, A.
; Hurtado, E. F.
; Ibarra, P.
; Indaburu, D.
; Iragorri, A.
; Isaza, D.
; Jaimes, F.
; Jaimes, G.
; Jaramillo, C.
; Jaramillo, C. J.
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7.
Visceral leishmaniasis in Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil: preliminary observations on the detection and transmissibility of canine and sandfly infections
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Vexenat, J. A.
; Castro, J. A. Fonseca de
; Cavalcante, R.
; Tavares, J. P.
; Silva, M. R. B. da
; Batista, W. H.
; Campos, J. H. Furtado
; Howard, M. K.
; Frame, I.
; McNerney, R.
; Wilson, S.
; Miles, M. A.
.
A Leishmania donovani-complex specific DNA probe was usedto confirm the widespread dissemination of amastigotes in apparently normal skinof dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. When Lutzomyia longipalpis were fed on abnormal skin of five naturally infected dogs 57 of 163 (35 per cent) fliesbecame infected: four of 65 flies (6 per cent) became infected when fed on apparently normal skin. The bite of a single sandfly that had fed seven days previouslyon a naturally infected dog transmitted the infection to a young dog from a non-endemic area. Within 22 days a lesion had developed at the site of the infectivebite (inner ear): 98 days after infection organisms had not disseminated throughout the skin, bone marrow, spleen or liver and the animal was still serologically negative by indirect immunofluorescence and dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When fed Lu. longipalpis were captured from a kennel with a sick dog known to be infected, 33 out of 49 (67 per cent) of flies contained promastigotes. In contrast only two infections were detected among more than 200 sandflies captured in houses. These observations confirm the ease of transmissibility of L.chagasi from dog to sandfly to dog in Teresina. It is likely that canine VL is the major source of human VL by the transmission route dog-sandfly-human. the Lmet2 DNA probe was a useful epidemiological tool for detecting L. chagasi in sandflies.
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