Abstract: The potential of intrinsic parameters to estimate geospatial data quality on Voluntary Geographic Information (VGI) platforms is a recurrent theme in Cartography. The spatial-temporal distribution in these platforms is very heterogeneous, depending on several factors such as input availability, number, and motivation of volunteers, especially in developing countries. The most recent approaches have been aiming to detail temporal patterns as an additional measure of quality in VGI. This research proposes a methodology to identify and analyze the behavior of the contribution parameters over time (2007-2022) of the OSM platform and differentiates the influences that affect its growth. Part of the Metropolitan region of Curitiba was the study area, subdivided into 1 x 1 km cells. The cumulative growth of contributions was calculated and later adjusted using a Logistic Regression. The obtained parameters made it possible to identify abruptly growing cells caused by external data import, mass contributions, or collective mapping activities. In addition, heterogeneity in the growth of the data available in OSM over time was evident. Furthermore, the proposed methodology promoted the investigation of a new indicator of intrinsic quality based on modelling the spatiotemporal evolution of OSM feature insertions.

Abstract: In 2008 the International Cartographic Association (ICA) proposed a reference model to describe Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) based on the Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP), which has been adapted and validated by several research projects. This paper details the experience of applying the extended ICA Model to an Academic SDI of environmental character and collaborative functions, such as the description of stakeholders' roles, functions, and responsibilities, called IDE-AMB (acronym in Portuguese). The intent is to transform the IDE-AMB into a database composed of information from several institutions and academic research. The stakeholders were described based on previously established literature and their needs for access, use, production, and sharing of geospatial data from different sources for the Integrated Management Center (NGI, acronym in Portuguese) ICMBio Antonina-Guaraqueçaba, located on the northern coast of the state of Paraná. We concluded that the ICA Model presents robustness; however, it still lacks conceptual reviews and needs to be adapted to the new realities and complexities of emerging SDI.

Resumo: O Brasil tem uma grande área com mapeamento desatualizado ou sem cobertura cartográfica nas maiores escalas de seu mapeamento de referência. O uso de dados de plataformas colaborativas de mapeamento figura como uma alternativa que pode contribuir para minimizar esse problema, seja através da atualização seja na complementação da cobertura do mapeamento no Brasil, conforme proposto ou realizado por algumas Agências Nacionais de Mapeamento no exterior. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar uma metodologia para fornecer uma integração acurada e documentada das informações geográficas voluntárias ao mapeamento de referência brasileiro. A proposta tem início na compatibilização semântica entre os modelos conceituais adotados na cartografia oficial e na plataforma OpenStreetMap, passa pela identificação das classes de objetos com maior potencial para a integração e, finalmente, apresenta experimentos iniciais para avaliar e validar o processo de integração de dados OSM em um banco de dados cartográficos na escala 1:25.000. Mesmo em regiões com mapeamento recente, os resultados da avaliação preliminar indicam potencial para incremento de 52% e 16% nas feições da categoria ‘sistema rodoviário’, o que sugere um método promissor para uso em áreas com mapeamento desatualizado ou sem mapeamento, além de sua aplicabilidade a outras categorias.

Abstract: Brazil has a large area with missing or outdated mapping on the largest scales of its authoritative mapping. The use of data from collaborative mapping platforms appears as an alternative that may contribute to minimizing this problem, either by updating or completing the mapping coverage in Brazil, as proposed or performed by some National Mapping Agencies abroad. The present work aims to analyze a methodology to provide accurate and documented integration of volunteered geographic information and the Brazilian authoritative mapping. The proposal starts with the semantic compatibility between the conceptual models adopted in both official cartography and OpenStreetMap platform. The research continues with the identification of object classes with the most significant potential for integration. Finally, we developed some experiments to evaluate and validate the OSM data integration process in a 1:25,000 scale cartographic database. Even in regions with a recent mapping, the results of the preliminary assessment indicate the potential for an increase of about 52% and 16% of features in the ‘road system’ category, which suggests a very promising method for use in areas with missing or outdated mapping, and its applicability to other categories.

Abstract: In this article, we present a framework to collect and represent people’s emotions, considering the urban mobility context of Curitiba. As a procedure, we have interviewed individuals during an intermodal challenge. The participants have described their experiences of urban mobility while using different transport modes. We have we used emojis as graphic symbols representing emotional data, once it is a modern language widely incorporated in everyday life as well as evokes a natural emotional association with the data we collected. We built an online geoinformation solution for visualising the emotional phenomenon. As a result, we found that the proposed methodology captures environmental factors as well as specific urban features triggering positive and negative/neutral emotions. Therefore, we validated the methodology of collaborative emotional mapping through volunteered geographic information, collecting and representing emotions on maps through emojis. Thus, here we argue this is a valid way to represent emotions and incorporate a modern language to maps. Based on the results and broader literature, we affirm this is a valuable alternative to increase knowledge about cities, once mapping emotions could assist urban planners in identifying variables, generating positive and negative feelings over the city space, which drives urban planning within a citizen-centred perspective.

Abstract: It is currently possible to account for several institutions with geographic data shared through the INDE portal, with more than half of it being from federal jurisdiction. However, there are subnational geoportals not integrated with this infrastructure, which is difficult to quantify. Therefore, the research problem of this study is finding the state of subnational geographic viewers’ availability, with the general objective of producing a Brazilian panorama and to identify factors that facilitate this availability. A research methodology based on different sources was applied in 27 states and 999 municipalities. As a result, we identified 17 regional, 82 state, and 274 municipal geoportals, with the highest concentration in the South and Southeast regions and lowest in the Northern region. In order to find factors related to geoportals availability, twenty characteristics of each municipality were collected, and Pearson coefficients were calculated, revealing significant correlations for population, economic and tax factors, and non-significant correlations for location factors. This acquired information is essential for the community and must be kept up to date. For this, an online collaborative map based on free software was created, allowing access without registration for data visualization and the registration of users for sending updates to the map.

Resumo: Os dados cartográficos representam o componente básico e principal de uma Infraestrutura de Dados Espaciais. As IDEs, por sua vez, têm o papel de apoiar, com informações estratégicas, as mais diversas ações políticas e econômicas, na gestão e no planejamento das ações públicas. Assim, este trabalho visa, inicialmente, apresentar uma visão geral da cartografia no Brasil por meio da análise da evolução da cobertura cartográfica topográfica no país. Para cada uma das principais escalas utilizadas, foi criado um mapa de cobertura. As análises refletem três períodos distintos (até 1997, entre 1998 e 2007, após 2008) para relacionar como e em que grau a criação da Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais (em 2008) impactou a produção cartográfica no Brasil. Diante do panorama atual, como objetivo final, o presente artigo visa apresentar propostas para aumentar a cobertura desses dados de referência. Uma delas é a utilização de novas fontes de dados, como as Informações Geográficas Voluntárias, principalmente em áreas com mapeamento desatualizado ou sem mapeamento, como já vem sendo utilizado em alguns países. Outra proposta é compartilhar a responsabilidade do mapeamento por meio de parcerias com outros níveis de governo, o que resultaria na descentralização e na otimização da produção cartográfica.

Abstract: Cartographic data represents the main and basic component of a Spatial Data Infrastructure. SDI, in turn, has the role of supporting, with strategic information, the most diverse political and economic actions, in the management and planning of public actions. Thus, this work aims, initially, to present an overview of cartography in Brazil through the analysis of the evolution of topographic mapping coverage in the country. For each of the main scales used, a coverage map was created. The analyzes reflect three different periods (until 1997, between 1998 and 2007, after 2008) in order to relate how and to what degree, the creation of Brazilian National SDI (in 2008) had an impact on the mapping production in the country. Given the current panorama, as a final objective, this paper aims at to present proposals to leverage the coverage of this reference data. One of them is the use of new data sources such as Volunteered Geographic Information, especially in areas with outdated mapping or without mapping, as has already been used in some countries. Another proposition is to share the responsibility of mapping through partnerships with other levels of government, which would result the decentralization and the optimization of cartographic production.

Abstract Although universities conduct research in the SDI field, they have repeatedly erred when storing, preserving, and sharing their geospatial data. The general objective of this research is to develop a proposal for a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) for the graduate programs of the Department of Earth Sciences at Federal University of Paraná (UFPR). In order to initiate the process of implementing UFPR’s academic SDI, a sample of the theses and dissertations of the aforementioned programs was collected. Subsequently, a survey of the metadata of the spatial study areas and publications was conducted, and finally, these metadata were made available as a catalog through GeoNetwork. The metadata, ISO TC-221, OGC and WC3 standards recommended by INDE-BR were adopted, and free and open source software was used. In this paper, the results of the metadata survey and their availability are presented in the form of a catalog, as well as a synthesis of the reflections made during the execution of the research, in order to help define the characteristics of academic SDIs in the country. The cataloging of historical metadata was found to be viable and to facilitate the dissemination of geospatial data to the scientific community.

Resumo O mapeamento de referência urbano, necessário ao planejamento urbano e ao Cadastro Técnico Multifinalitário nos municípios, é oneroso. Sua produção tem competência compartilhada entre União, Estados e municípios, e apenas em 2016 foram lançadas normas englobando esse tipo de mapeamento no Brasil. Por isso, é preciso buscar alternativas para ajudar na produção e na atualização do mapeamento de referência nas cidades. O mapeamento colaborativo por meio de plataformas, como o OpenStreetMap, produz e disponibiliza dados geoespaciais atualizados e abertos na internet, apresentando-se como uma alternativa relevante para ser utilizada em conjunto com o mapeamento de referência e outras geotecnologias na gestão urbana dos municípios brasileiros. Este artigo descreve as principais considerações relativas à integração do mapeamento colaborativo com o mapeamento de referência urbano e apresenta um teste no qual foram integrados dados do OpenStreetMap aos dados oficiais do Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Curitiba (IPPUC), por meio da compatibilização semântica dos dados em conformidade com as normas nacionais. Como resultados, foram produzidos um mapa híbrido derivado da integração entre ambos os mapeamentos, no qual foi observado um aumento de aproximadamente 90% no número de feições, e uma síntese com as potencialidades e os desafios relativos à integração.

Abstract The authoritative urban mapping, necessary for urban planning and the Urban Register in municipalities is costly, its production has shared competence between the Union, states,and municipalities, and only in 2016, standards were included in this type ofmapping in Brazil. Therefore, it is necessary to look for alternatives to help in the production and updating of the authoritative mapping in the cities. Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), through platforms such as OpenStreetMap, produces and makes available updated and open geospatial data on the Internet, presented as a relevant alternative to be used in conjunction with reference mapping and other geotechnologies in urban management by Brazilian municipalities. This article describes the main considerations regarding the integration of collaborative mapping to the urban reference mapping and presents a test in which the data of OpenStreetMap with the authoritative data of Institute of Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba (IPPUC) were integrated through the semantic compatibility of data in accordance with national standards. As results, a hybrid map from the integration of both mappings was produced, in which an increase of ninety percent in the number of features and synthesis with the potentialities and challenges related to the integration were observed.

Resumo:As informações geográficas voluntárias têm sido investigadas por pesquisadores e agências oficiais de mapeamento, os quais tentam compreender como indivíduos sem conhecimento formalizado em cartografia podem contribuir para a construção das bases cartográficas oficiais. Em países como o Brasil, onde o investimento nos serviços relativos à informação espacial é escasso, as informações geográficas voluntárias também são interessantes alternativas para incrementar a velocidade de atualização cartográfica, pois são de livre acesso e constantemente revisadas. Neste contexto, a Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais do Brasil (INDE-BR), no seu papel de facilitar e ordenar o acesso às bases de dados espaciais oficias, também pode se beneficiar do uso de informações prestadas por usuários voluntários na tarefa de enriquecer o conjunto de dados disponível em seu banco. Dessa maneira, elaborou-se o presente artigo, no qual investiga-se a compatibilidade das informações geográficas voluntárias com o perfil de metadados oficial do Brasil, adotado na estruturação da INDE-BR. Para tanto, foram selecionados sistemas de informações geográficas voluntárias os quais tiveram seus metadados analisados e comparados aos padrões adotados no documento Perfil de Metadados Geoespaciais do Brasil. Dos resultados, pode-se dizer que os padrões adotados pelo sistema OpenStreetMap são compatíveis com o padrão adotado pelo Perfil MGB. Esse resultado aponta para a necessidade de se investigar as informações geográficas voluntárias para que se tenha mais uma potencial ferramenta a favorecer o crescimento social, econômico e político de uma nação, assim como o Brasil

Abstract:In the last few years, researchers and mapping agencies have investigated the Volunteered Geographic Information aiming to comprehend how VGI systems could provide information for official databases. For example, Brazil has scarce investments on the field of geoinformation production and, in this case, the volunteered geographic information could be an alternative to increase the speed of geoinformation updating process. For this reason, we have designed this research in order to investigate the compatibility of Volunteered Geographic Information metadata with the Official Brazilian Geospatial Metadata Profile. Therefore, we have selected VGI systems as well as a set of information and proceeded to the comparison of the Brazilian geometadata profile with the chosen VGI content. The results have suggested there is a similarity between the official profile and the metadata available within the evaluated VGI systems. In general, the foregoing results have indicated the need of further studies on assessing VGI content for several purposes, especially on those relative to official database updating, because this volunteered information could promote social, economic and political development of certain regions in which there are not updated geoinformation available, like occurs in Brazil

Os mapas de pontos de contagem são importantes ferramentas para análise da densidade espacial de fenômenos. Na sua construção, é estipulada uma quantidade N de ocorrências para que sejam representados por um ponto. O objetivo deste estudo foi propor um método para agrupar os dados por pontos, um algoritmo para automatizar a definição destes agrupamentos e a verificação da potencialidade do método e do algoritmo produzindo um exemplo com os dados de casos de AIDS (Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida) no Brasil. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes do Programa Nacional de DST (Doenças Sexualmente Transmitidas) e AIDS, que abrangem os casos por município de 1980 a 2010. Foi gerada uma série multitemporal de mapas, usando para orientar o agrupamento a divisão hierárquica do espaço territorial brasileiro utilizada pelo IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística): Município - Mesorregião - Microrregião - Unidade da Federação. Também são detalhadas as principais fases na elaboração deste tipo de mapa, apresentando as melhores práticas quando já estabelecidas na literatura em cartografia e também algumas tendências atuais e lacunas na pesquisa sobre este tópico. O algoritmo se mostrou uma ferramenta eficiente para automatizar o processo de geração do mapa com pontos distribuídos de forma geograficamente embasada, proporcionando a visualização da distribuição do fenômeno ao longo do tempo.

Dot maps are important tools to analyze the spatial density of a phenomenon. During the process of map design, a certain quantity N of occurrences is established to be represented by a point. The objective of this study was to create a method to group data by point, an algorithm to a grouping definition and the assessment of both method and the algorithm producing an example using the cases of AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in Brazil, with data of the National Program of STD (Sexually Transmitted Diseases) and AIDS, that enclose cases from 1980 to 2010, to generate a series of multi-temporal maps, using as a guide in the process of grouping points the hierarchic division of the Brazilian territorial space used by IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). Also the main steps on designing this type of map project are detailed, presenting best practices, when already established in cartography literature, and also some current trends and gaps in research on this topic. The algorithm proved to be an efficient tool to automate de process of generating dot maps distributed in a geography-based way, and propitiate the visualization of the phenomenon through time.