Abstract Objective: To evaluate the conservative management of newborns born at ≥35 weeks of gestational age, at risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS). Methods: Retrospective, analytic cohort study (2016 to 2019), including newborns ≥35 weeks of gestational at risk of EOS, asymptomatic at birth, managed conservatively in full rooming-in: serial physical examination and clinical observation for at least 48 h. They were classified into three groups, according to the clinical course: asymptomatic (group A), symptomatic for other reasons (group B), and with sepsis (group C). Risk factors, clinical signs and differential diagnoses of sepsis, length of stay, and discharge conditions were evaluated. Results: The authors evaluated 769 asymptomatic newborns at risk of EOS. (mean birth weight 2999 ± 485 g and gestational age 37.6 ± 1.7 weeks, respectively) corresponding to 12.2% of rooming-in admissions. The most prevalent risk factors were colonization by Group B Streptococcus (29%), prolonged rupture membrane duration (21.9%) and preterm labor (21.4%). Most of all of them (53.9%) remained asymptomatic (group A). Group B corresponded for 45.3%, and the most common clinical signs were hypothermia (24.5%), tremors (8.7%) and vomiting (8%). Environmental dysthermia (50.7%), prematurity (20.0%), and feeding intolerance (15.7%) were common in Group B. Laboratory tests were performed in 3.5%. Five patients (one confirmed) comprised group C (0.8/1,000 live births). There were no deaths. The median length of stay was 64 h (IQR 50-93). Conclusion: The rate of clinical/confirmed EOS was low. Most of the symptomatic patients only needed clinical evaluation to rule out sepsis. Management was shown to be safe.

Abstract: The articlelays down dialogue with readers interested in understanding of the categories of the method in Marx, whilst formulation authentic reproduction of actuality. The reflections they were systematized from of discipline “The method in Marx”, studied at Program of Post-graduates in Service Social from the PUC-SP. Conclude what a comprehension of the categories contained of thinking in Marx are essential on deployment of a historical-materialist conception in the research process.

Resumo: O artigo estabelece diálogo com leitores interessados na compreensão das categorias do método em Marx, como formulação autêntica da reprodução da realidade. As reflexões foram sistematizadas a partir da disciplina “O método em Marx”, cursada no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Serviço Social da PUC-SP. Conclui-se que a compreensão das categorias contidas no pensamento de Marx é essencial para o desenvolvimento da concepção histórico-materialista no processo de investigação.

Resumo O envelhecimento biológico é reflexo da interação entre genética, idade cronológica e fatores externos; é a base para novos conceitos em envelhecimento vascular, cuja progressão é determinada pela diferença entre idade biológica e cronológica. Do ponto de vista estrutural, os efeitos do envelhecimento vascular são mais evidentes na camada média das grandes artérias elásticas e resultam em aumento da rigidez arterial, da dilatação do lúmen e da espessura da parede. Esses efeitos são descritos no continuum de envelhecimento cardiovascular (proposto por Dzau em 2010) em que as etapas progressivas de lesões da microvasculatura de coração, rins e cérebro, têm início a partir do processo de envelhecimento. O aumento da rigidez arterial pode ser verificado de forma não invasiva por vários métodos. Os eventos cardiovasculares têm sido tradicionalmente previstos utilizando escores que combinam fatores de risco convencionais para aterosclerose. No continuum cardiovascular clássico (Dzau, 2006), é desafiador avaliar o peso exato da contribuição de cada fator de risco; entretanto, por refletir o dano precoce e cumulativo desses fatores de riscos cardiovascular, a rigidez arterial reflete o verdadeiro dano à parede arterial. Este artigo fornece uma visão geral dos mecanismos da fisiopatogenia, alterações estruturais das artérias e consequências hemodinâmicas do envelhecimento arterial; métodos não invasivos para a avaliação da rigidez arterial e da medida central da pressão arterial; o continuum de envelhecimento cardiovascular, e aplicação do conceito de rigidez arterial na estratificação de risco cardiovascular.

Abstract Biological aging occurs as a result of the interaction between genetics, chronological age and external factors. It is the basis for new concepts of vascular aging, whose progression is determined by the difference between biological and chronological age. From the structural point of view, the effects of vascular aging are more evident in the tunica media of large elastic arteries, marked by increased arterial stiffness, lumen dilation and wall thickness. These effects are described in the continuum of cardiovascular aging (proposed by Dzau in 2010), in which the progressive steps of microvasculature lesions of the heart, kidney and brain are initiated from the aging process. The increase of arterial stiffness can be detected by several non-invasive methods. Cardiovascular events have been traditionally described using scores that combine conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis. In the classic cardiovascular continuum (Dzau, 2006), to determine the exact contribution of each risk factor is challenging; however, since arterial stiffness reflects both early and cumulative damage of these cardiovascular risk factors, it is an indicator of the actual damage to the arterial wall. This article provides a general overview of pathophysiological mechanisms, arterial structural changes, and hemodynamic consequences of arterial stiffness; non-invasive methods for the assessment of arterial stiffness and of central blood pressure; the cardiovascular aging continuum, and the application of arterial stiffness in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Resumo: Os sistemas algorítmicos são instrumentos utilizados nas políticas sociais para acesso aos serviços. Essa ferramenta tecnológica invade as instituições públicas, controlando os processos de trabalho e o acesso de usuários. O pressuposto é o de que a utilização dos sistemas algorítmicos modifica não apenas a rotina institucional, como também é instrumento de poder pela quantidade gigantesca de dados armazenados, contribuindo à lucratividade do capital. O artigo reflete sobre essa dinâmica com base no estudo bibliográfico.

Abstract: Algorithmic systems are instruments used in social policies to access services. This technological tool invades public institutions controlling work processes and user access. The assumption is that algorithmic management not only modifies institutional routine but is also an instrument of power due to the gigantic amount of stored data which contributes to the profitability of capital. The article reflects on this dynamic by means of bibliographical study.

This work describes the synthesis, molecular structure, and packaging of the compounds 6-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (6-BRB) and 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (5 BRB). Characterization in the solid-state was carried out by X-ray diffraction, and the analysis of the interactions was described by the Hirshfeld surface, which helps in understanding the effect of replacing the bromine position in the aromatic ring. Both compounds (6-BRB and 5-BRB) crystallized in the space group P21/c and are stabilized with C-HO interactions, but only the 6-BRB has a halogen-type interaction. Theoretical calculations, carried out by the density functional theory at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory in gas phase, provided information on their electronic properties. The geometric properties were compared to experimental data, and the analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals and the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps were obtained to predict the physical-chemical properties. The supramolecular arrangements were analyzed throughout complexation interactions and corrected by counterpoise method. Hyperconjugation energies were employed to examine the stability of the intermolecular interactions of the compounds. The interaction intensities were determined through the topological parameters obtained through the quantum theory of atoms in molecules model.

Abstract Analyses of potential sources and products that aim to balance nutrients in soil and plants; improve physical, mineral, and biological attributes of soil; and reduce environmental impacts require greater attention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of organomineral fertilizers (OMFs) in Atlantic potato cultivars. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four treatments and six replicates. The treatments consisted of NPK mineral fertilizers (recommended according to soil analysis and nutritional crop requirements) as a control and NPK plus OMF according to composition and form of application (planting, ridging, and leaf), referred to as managements A and B, which indicate the amount of nutrients that the plants received. Therefore, treatments with OMF were designated as follows: P-OMF(A): organomineral fertilizer management applied through the planting furrow; PR-OMF (B): organomineral fertilizer management applied through the planting and ridging, and PR-OMF (B) + L-OMF (B): organomineral fertilizer management applied through the planting and ridging and by leaf application. The applications of P-OMF (A) and PR-OMF (B) + L-OMF (B) resulted in positive effects on special class production and total productivity of Atlantic potato tubers, which increased by 12% to 16% and 11% to 15.5%, respectively. The application of PR-OMF (B) + L-OMF (B) improved the soluble solid content by 2.7% compared to the control (absence of OMF application). Therefore, organomineral fertilizers have the potential to improve the quantitative and qualitative attributes of potatoes.

Resumen El análisis de las posibles fuentes y productos que apuntan a equilibrar los nutrientes en el suelo y las plantas, mejorar los atributos físicos, minerales y biológicos del suelo y reducir los impactos ambientales necesitan más atención. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia agronómica de los fertilizantes organominerales (OMF) en papa, cultivar Atlantic. El diseño experimental fue un bloque completo aleatorizado, con cuatro tratamientos y seis repeticiones. Los tratamientos consistieron en el control -fertilizantes minerales NPK (recomendado de acuerdo con el análisis del suelo y los requerimientos nutricionales del cultivo); y NPK más OMF de acuerdo con: composición y forma de aplicación (plantación, crestas y hojas), que fue llamado a lo manejo A y B. Lo manejo A y B se relaciona con las tasas de nutrientes que recibieron las plantas. Por lo tanto, los tratamientos con OMF se designaron como: P-OMF (A): manejo de fertilizantes organominerales (A) aplicado en el surco de siembra; PR-OMF (B): manejo de fertilizantes organominerales (B) aplicada en la siembra y la formación de surcos y PR-OMF + L-OMF (C): manejo de fertilizantes organominerales (B) aplicada en la siembra, la formación de surcos y la aplicación de hojas. Las aplicaciones de P-OMF (A) y PR- PR-OMF (B)+ L-OMF (B) dan como resultado una acción positiva para la producción de Clase Especial y la productividad total de los tubérculos del cultivar Atlantic, con incrementos entre 12 y 16% y 11 a 15.5%, respectivamente. La aplicación de PR-OMF (B)+ L-OMF (B) mejora en un 2.7% el contenido de sólidos solubles, en comparación con la ausencia de aplicación de OMF. Por lo tanto, los fertilizantes organominerales presentan potencial para mejorar los atributos cuantitativos y cualitativos de las papas.

Resumo A vitamina D desempenha um papel importante na função imunológica e na inflamação e a atividade física demonstra relação próxima à síntese de vitamina D, sendo necessária a fatores imunológicos, ambientais e físicos. Pesquisamos cinco bancos de dados até 20 de fevereiro de 2021. Dois revisores examinaram os estudos, coletaram dados, avaliaram o risco de viés e classificaram as evidências para cada resultado nos estudos, de forma independente e em duplicata. Os endpoints de interesse pré-especificados foram aptidão cardiorrespiratória; Exposição à luz solar; Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Incluímos apenas dados de artigos revisados por pares em nossas análises primárias. Em nossa análise primária, houve uma tendência positiva entre 25(OH)D sérico <20 ng/ml e índice de massa corporal., esse resultado deve ser interpretado com cautela, considerando os intervalos de confiança (RR 1,10 IC 95% 0,37 a 1,83. Identificamos 4 evidências de alta qualidade de que níveis de vitamina D e atividade física alta exigiam uma relação direta considerando (quatro ensaios com 2.253) ; RR 0 . (RR 0,0; IC 95% -0,15 a 0,15) (RR 0,59; IC 95% 0,43 a 0,75. Embora as evidências disponíveis até agora, de estudos observacionais de qualidade média, possam ser vistas como uma tendência de associação entre níveis séricos suficientes de 25(OH)D e atividade física, essa relação foi demonstrada. têm um efeito estimulante na síntese de vitamina D, a relação de baixo índice de massa corporal com níveis suficientes de vitamina D não é baseada em evidências sólidas. Aguardamos resultados de estudos em andamento para determinar essa eficácia.

Abstract Vitamin D plays an important role in immune function and inflammation and the physical activity demonstrate relationship near to syntheses of vitamin D, considering to necessary to factors immunologics, environmental and physical. We searched five databases through February 20, 2021. Two reviewers screened the studies, collected data, assessed the risk of bias, and ranked the evidence for each outcome across the studies, independently and in duplicate. The prespecified endpoints of interest were Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Sunlight Exposure; Body Mass Index (BMI). We only included data from peer-reviewed articles in our primary analyses. In our primary analysis, there was a positive trend between serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml and body mass index, this result should be interpreted with caution, considering confidence intervals (RR 1.10 95% CI 0.37 to 1.83. We identified 4 high quality evidence that vitamin D levels and high physical activity required a direct relationship considering (four trials with 2,253) ; RR 0. (RR 0.0; 95% CI -0.15 to 0.15) (RR 0.59; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.75. Although the evidence available so far, from observational studies of medium quality, can be seen as showing a trend towards an association between sufficient serum levels of 25(OH)D and physical activity, this relationship has been shown. have a stimulating effect on vitamin D synthesis, the relationship of low body mass index with sufficient vitamin D levels is not based on solid evidence. We await results from ongoing studies to determine this effectiveness.

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta alguns dos percursos e dos “achados” investigativos de uma pesquisa* sobre as relações e as condições de trabalho de assistentes sociais no mercado de trabalho. Destaca as tendências em curso para o processamento da ação profissional através da tese da proletarização, que indica a precarização, a informalidade, a intensificação e a terceirização do trabalho - objetivada em níveis salariais baixíssimos, contratos temporários, subcontratações, espaços insalubres, sobrecargas, adoecimentos e humilhações.

Abstract: This article presents some of the investigative pathways and “findings” of a survey* on the relationships and working conditions of social workers in the labor market. Highlights the current trends for the processing of professional action through the proletarianization thesis, which indicates precariousness, informality, intensification and outsourcing of work - aimed at very low salary levels, temporary contracts, subcontracting, unhealthy spaces, overloads, illnesses and humiliations.

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta alguns dos percursos e “achados” investigativos de uma pesquisa** sobre as relações e as condições de trabalho de assistentes sociais no mercado de trabalho. Destaca as tendências em curso para o processamento da ação profissional através da tese da proletarização, que indica a precarização, a informalidade, a intensificação e a terceirização do trabalho -, objetivada em níveis salariais baixíssimos, contratos temporários, subcontratações, espaços insalubres, sobrecargas, adoecimentos e humilhações.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta algunos de los caminos y “descubrimientos” investigativos de un estudio sobre las relaciones y condiciones laborales de los trabajadores sociales en el mercado de trabajo. Destaca las tendencias actuales para el poner en proceso de la acción profesional por medio de la tesis de la proletarización, que indica la precariedad, informalidad, intensificación y subcontratación del trabajo - objetivada en niveles salariales muy bajos, contratos temporales, subcontratación, espacios insalubres, sobrecargas, enfermedades y humillaciones.

Resumen La criptococosis meníngea presenta alta mortalidad mundial, especialmente en población VIH/sida. La OMS recomienda detectar el antígeno capsular de Crypto coccus como estrategia para un diagnóstico temprano y poder minimizar complicaciones. Objetivo: realizar antigenemia temprana de Cryptococcus mediante in munocromatografía/ensayo de flujo lateral en pacientes asintomáticos VIH+. Material y método: estudio descriptivo observacional; entre julio-2016 y mayo-2019 se procesaron mediante ensayo de flujo lateral, muestras de suero de 169 pacientes asintomáticos VIH+, con CD4 ≤120 cel/μL en Barranquilla, Colombia. Ante resultado positivo, se indicó profilaxis con fluconazol; se hizo seguimiento a todos los casos. Resultados: la antigenemia fue positiva en cinco pacientes (2,96%); uno falleció, cuatro recibieron profilaxis y la prueba se negativizó en dos. Los pacientes con resultado negativo inicial no desarrollaron durante el estudio sinto matología compatible con esta micosis. Discusión: el ensayo de flujo lateral de Cryptococcus está recomendado para el diagnóstico temprano de la criptococosis en población VIH/sida. Conclusión: detectar tempranamente el antígeno circulante de Cryptococcus mediante ensayo de flujo lateral en pacientes asintomáticos VIH+, permitió instaurar profilaxis oportuna, hacer seguimiento y control para reducir la mortalidad asociada con la criptococosis meníngea.

Abstract Meningeal cryptococcosis presents high levels of global mortality, especially in the HIV/AIDS population. The WHO recommends detecting the capsular antigen as an important strategy for early diagnosis and be able to minimize complications. Objective: Perform early cryptococcal antigenemia by immunochromatographic/ lateral flow assay in asymptomatic HIV+ patients. Material and method: descriptive observational study; between July-2016 and May-2019, serum samples from 169 asymptomatic HIV+ patients with CD4 ≤120 cells/μL were processed by lateral flow assay in Barranquilla, Colombia. Given a positive result, prophylaxis with fluconazole was indicated; all cases were followed up. Results: antigenemia was positive in five (2.96%) patients; one died; four received prophylaxis, and the test turned negative in two. The patients with an initial negative result, did not developed symptoms compatible with this mycosis during the study period. Discussion: lateral flow assay for Cryptococcus is recommended for the early diagnosis of cryptococcosis in the HIV/AIDS population. Conclusion: early detection of circulating Cryptococcus antigen by lateral flow assay in HIV+ patients allowed the establishment of timely prophylaxis, follow-up, and control to reduce mortality associated with meningeal cryptococcosis.

ABSTRACT Objective: Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic, low-intensity systemic inflammation frequently associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Materials and methods: Given that chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of mood disorders, we investigated if chronic obesity that was initiated early in life – lasting through adulthood – could be more harmful to memory impairment and mood fluctuations such as depression. Results: Here we show that pre-pubertal male rats (30 days old) treated with a high-fat diet (40%) for 8-months gained ~50% more weight when compared to controls, exhibited depression and anxiety-like behaviors but no memory impairment. The prefrontal cortex of the obese rats exhibited an increase in the expression of genes related to inflammatory response, such as NFKb, MMP9, CCl2, PPARb, and PPARg. There were no alterations in genes known to be related to depression. Conclusion: Long-lasting obesity with onset in prepuberal age led to depression and neuroinflammation but not to memory impairment.

RESUMO: Análise de crescimento de plantas pode ser utilizada para avaliação de plantas e identificação de mudanças causadas por microrganismos de solo, depois de serem inoculados nas sementes. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir as mudanças no crescimento de plantas de soja inoculadas em condição de cultivos extensivos de campo no Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido para comparar cinco tratamentos inoculados: T1 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum e B. diazoefficiens), T2 (T1 e Azospirillum brasilense), T3 (T1 e Trichoderma asperellum), T4 (T1 and T. virens, e Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) e T5 (T1 e Penicillum bilaiae). A área foliar e a massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes foram medidas nos estádios vegetativos e reprodutivos. Os resultados validam a contribuição da análise de crescimento de plantas de soja para identificar as respostas causadas pela inoculação de sementes com combinação de microrganismos selecionados. Os efeitos dos microrganismos no crescimento das plantas não variam apenas entre os microrganismos, mas também entre as partes das plantas e ao longo do seu desenvolvimento. A introdução de diferentes micróbios na rizosfera de soja, combinados com cepas de Bradyrhizobium sp. pode aumentar a produtividade de massa seca das culturas durante o seu ciclo de crescimento.

ABSTRACT: Plant growth analysis can be used for soybean plants evaluation to identify morphologic changes caused by soil microbes after seed inoculation. The objective was to measure changes of inoculated soybean plants grown under regular field Brazilian production conditions. The experiment was carried out to compare 5 inoculation treatments: T1 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. diazoefficiens), T2 (T1 and Azospirillum brasilense), T3 (T1 and Trichoderma asperellum), T4 (T1 and T. virens, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and T5 (T1 and Penicillum bilaiae). Leaf area, shoot and root dry matter were measured at vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Results of this study validate the contribution of plant growth analysis of soybeans plants for identifying their responses promoted by the combined inoculation of their seeds with selected microbes. Also, the microbial effects on plant growth vary not only between microbes but also between parts of the plants and through the plant development stages. The introduction of different microbes in soybean rhizosphere combined with Bradyrhizobium sp. strains can contribute to increase crop dry matter productivity during its growing cycle.

Resumo A ictiofauna sul-americana abrange a maior diversidade do planeta, no entanto, encontra-se altamente ameaçada pela ação antrópica. Nesse estudo, a fauna de peixes de nove riachos de pequena ordem foi amostrada. Esses riachos são afluentes do Rio Piquiri e afetados pela atividade aquícola, agrícola e urbanização. As coletas foram realizadas trimestralmente de dezembro/2017 a setembro/2018 em três pontos amostrais de cada riacho, utilizando-se equipamento portátil de pesca elétrica em segmentos delimitados de 50 metros. Foram coletados 14.507 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis ordens, 20 famílias, 46 gêneros e 70 espécies. Os maiores valores de riqueza e de abundância foram obtidos nas ordens Characiformes e Siluriformes. Neste estudo, foram encontradas nove espécies ainda não registradas, totalizando 163 para a bacia. Além disso, 14 espécies não-nativas foram capturadas. Ressalta-se que a lista de espécies apresentada contribui com o banco de dados existente sobre os padrões de distribuição da ictiofauna em riachos Neotropicais e demonstra como a mesma ainda pode ser subestimada na região, principalmente em tributários de pequena ordem. Esse estudo reforça a importância de inventários e do monitoramento em ambientes altamente diversos e sensíveis à ação antrópica.

Abstract The South America ichthyofauna encompasses the highest diversity of the world, however is highly threatened by anthropogenic actions. The fish fauna of nine low-order streams, tributaries of the Piquiri River and impacted by aquaculture, agriculture and urbanization were sampled in the present study. Samplings were done quarterly from December 2017 to September 2018 at three sites in each stream, using a portable electric fishing device in 50-meter segments. A total of 14,507 individuals were collected, belonging to six orders, 20 families, 46 genera, and 70 species. The highest richness and abundance were found for the orders Characiformes and Siluriformes. In this study, nine species that had not been recorded were found, totaling 163 for the basin. In addition, 14 non-native species were captured. The presented list of species contributes to the existing database of ichthyofauna distribution in Neotropical streams, denoting that it is underestimated in the region, mainly in low-order tributaries. The present study reinforces the importance of inventories and monitoring in environments with high biodiversity and sensitive to anthropogenic actions.

ABSTRACT In some industrial contexts, such as in the molded pulp, paper, furniture and electro fused grain industries, items or final products are obtained by processes that can produce several types of products simultaneously. These processes are considered here as any specific mode of operation or configuration of a production system that can produce several different items simultaneously and in varied quantities. The production planning and scheduling in these industrial contexts involve decisions of: i) configuration selection of these processes; ii) production lot sizing of selected configurations; and iii) decisions of scheduling these selected configurations. In this work, a mixed integer programming model (MIP) is presented to adequately represent this integrated problem, called the general lot sizing and scheduling problem with process configuration selection. In order to achieve effective production plans at acceptable computational times in practice, Relax-and-Fix and Fix-and-Optimize heuristics based on this model are also presented. Computational experiments were performed solving the model with an optimization solver and applying the proposed heuristics in examples inspired in molded pulp, furniture and electro fused grain packaging companies. The results show that MIP-heuristics can solve the problem more effectively (good quality solution in acceptable time) than simply using the solver for the mathematical model.

ABSTRACT In this paper, the relevance of integrated planning concerning decisions of production and blending in a spinning industry is studied. The scenario regards a plant that produces several yarn packages over a planning horizon. Each yarn type is produced using a blend of several cotton bales that must contain attributes to ensure the quality of the produced yarns. Three approaches to managing production and blending are compared; the first deals with the solution to the production scheduling and blending problems in a single integrated model. The second approach hierarchically addresses these problems. The third procedure combines features from the integrated and hierarchical approaches. These approaches are applied to a real-world problem, and their respective performances are analyzed. The third approach proved to deal with lot sizing, scheduling and blending in the spinning industry more efficiently. Moreover, the results indicate the importance of coordinating production and blending decisions.