RESUMO Nosso objetivo é relatar as características clínicas e os resultados da toxicidade na superfície ocular após a terapia com depatuxizumabe mafodotina (ABT-414) para glioblastoma irressecável. Os sinais e sintomas oculares de três pacientes que foram tratados com ABT-414 durante um estudo de fase III para glioblastoma multiforme foram avaliados. Ambos os olhos de todos os pacientes foram danificados durante a semana após a primeira infusão da molécula ABT-414. Em todos os pacientes, uma ceratite de leve a moderada pode ser verificada, juntamente com uma diminuição da acuidade visual e visão turva, bem como sensação de corpo estranho e vermelhidão. Os sintomas e a acuidade visual melhoraram em um período de 4 semanas. Em conclusão, a terapia com ABT-414 pode causar toxicidade transitória na superfície ocular. A iniciação com lágrimas artificiais e pomada lubrificante foi suficiente para controlar os sinais e sintomas na superfície ocular. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar, com acompanhamento oftalmológico completo e a elaboração de protocolos são necessários para o manejo adequado desses pacientes.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to report the clinical features and outcomes of ocular surface toxicity following depatuxizumab mafoditin (ABT-414) therapy for unresectable glioblastoma. Ocular signs and symptoms of three patients treated with ABT-414 during a phase III trial for glioblastoma multiforme were evaluated. Both eyes of all patients were damaged during the week after the first infusion of the ABT-414 molecule. In all patients, mild-to-moderate keratitis could be ascertained, along with decreased visual acuity and blurred vision, as well as foreign-body sensation and redness. Symptoms and visual acuity improved 4 weeks. In conclusion, ABT-414 therapy may cause transient ocular surface toxicity. The initiation of artificial tears and lubricant ointment was enough to control the ocular surface signs and symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach, complete ophthalmologic monitorization, and elaboration of protocols are required to adequately manage these patients.

Resumo Fundamento O cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável subcutâneo (S-CDI) é uma alternativa segura ao sistema convencional do CDI transvenoso (TV-CDI) para evitar morte súbita. Objetivo Comparar o impacto do tipo de sistema de CDI e técnica cirúrgica na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, bem como a gravidade do desconforto e da dor, entre receptores de S-CDI e TV-CDI. Métodos Pacientes consecutivamente implantados com um sistema S-CDI foram pareados com pacientes com um sistema TV-CDI. Além disso, foram incluídos os pacientes submetidos ao implante de S-CDI após a remoção de um TV-CDI, devido a complicações. Foram avaliadas a qualidade de vida (medida com o questionário de saúde de 12 itens) e a gravidade da dor e desconforto. Significância estatística foi definida como p < 0,05. Resultados Foram analisados 64 pacientes implantados com S-CDI ou TV-CDI sob anestesia local e sedação consciente. Pacientes com sistemas S-CDI e TV-CDI não diferiram significativamente nos escores de qualidade de vida. Os pacientes com S-CDI apresentaram maior nível de dor peri-operatória; nenhuma diferença foi encontrada em relação à gravidade da dor intra-operatória. A magnitude do desconforto estético e dos distúrbios do sono não diferiu entre os grupos.O S-CDI foi implantado em 7 pacientes adicionais após a remoção de um TV-CDI. Todos exceto um desses pacientes recomendaram o sistema S-CDI. Conclusões O tipo de sistema de CDI e a técnica cirúrgica têm impacto insignificante na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Estes resultados sugerem que a sedação consciente, fornecida por uma equipe experiente de eletrofisiologia, pode ser considerada uma alternativa à anestesia geral para o manejo de pacientes submetidos ao implante de S-CDI.

Abstract Background The totally subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is a safe alternative to the conventional transvenous ICD (TV-ICD) system to prevent sudden death. Objective To compare the impact of the type of ICD system and surgical technique on patients’ quality of life, as well as the severity of discomfort and pain, between S-ICD and TV-ICD recipients. Methods Consecutively implanted patients with an S-ICD system were matched with patients with a TV-ICD system. In addition, patients undergoing S-ICD implantation after removal of a TV-ICD due to complications were included. Quality of life (measured with the 12-item short-form health survey) and severity of pain and discomfort were evaluated. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results A total of 64 patients implanted with S-ICD or TV-ICD under local anesthesia and conscious sedation were analyzed. Patients with S-ICD and TV-ICD systems did not differ significantly in quality of life scores. S-ICD patients had a higher level of perioperative pain; no differences were found regarding severity of intraoperative pain. The magnitude of aesthetic discomfort and sleep disturbances did not differ between groups. An S-ICD was implanted in 7 additional patients after removal of a TV-ICD. All but one of these patients recommended the S-ICD system. Conclusions The type of ICD system and the surgical technique have negligible impact on patients’ quality of life. These results suggest that conscious sedation, provided by an experienced electrophysiology team, could be considered as an alternative to general anesthesia to manage patients undergoing S-ICD implantation.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Age-related cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer disease, are among the main causes of disability and dependence in older adults worldwide. High blood homocysteine levels (hyperhomocysteinemia) are a risk factor for diseases whose metabolism involves different B vitamins. Antioxidant vitamins provide a protective effect by mitigating oxidative stress generated by these diseases. Epidemiological studies have presented varying results on the relationships between blood levels of these vitamins and such cognitive disorders. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of vitamin and homocysteine levels with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease in a group of Cuban older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Havana, Cuba, of 424 persons aged ≥65 years: 43 with Alzheimer disease, 131 with mild cognitive impairment, and 250 with no signs of cognitive impairment. Dementia was diagnosed using criteria of the International 10/66 Dementia Research Group and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), and mild cognitive impairment was diagnosed using Petersen’s criteria. Blood levels of vitamins (thiamine, B-2, folate, B-12, C and A) and homocysteine were measured by standard procedures. Analysis of variance for continuous variables and percentage comparison tests for dichotomous variables were used to compare groups. RESULTS Persons with Alzheimer disease presented significantly lower levels of vitamins B-2, C and A than healthy participants (p <0.05). Homocysteine levels were significantly higher in those with Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment than in participants with no cognitive impairment (p <0.05). Statistically, levels of thiamine, folic acid, and vitamin B-12 were not significantly different across groups. Compared with those without cognitive impairment, prevalence rates (PR) in the Alzheimer group were significantly higher for hyperhomocysteinemia (PR = 3.26; 1.84–5.80) and deficiency of all B vitamins: thiamine (PR = 1.89; 1.04–3.43), B-2 (PR = 2.85; 1.54–5.26), folate (PR = 3.02; 1.53–5.95), B-12 (PR = 2.21; 1.17–4.19), vitamin C (PR = 3.88; 2.12–7.10) and A (PR = 5.47; 3.26–9.17). In mild cognitive impairment, prevalence rates were significantly higher for hyperhomocysteinemia (PR = 1.42; 1.08–1.87), vitamin B-2 deficiency (PR = 1.70; 1.24–2.32) and vitamin A deficiency (PR =1.88; 1.05–3.38). CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia and various vitamin deficiencies are related to Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the relationship between different nutritional biomarkers and dementia. A better understanding of this relationship could provide a basis for therapeutic and preventive strategies.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar in situ o efeito da nano-hidroxiapatita associada ao fluoreto na prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte adjacente aos braquetes ortodônticos. Material e Métodos: oito voluntários utilizaram aparelhos palatinos preparados com seis blocos de esmalte bovino (5 x 5 x 2 mm) com braquetes colados unidos por um fio de NiTi 0,016” preso por ligaduras elásticas. Os voluntários utilizaram os dispositivos em dois tempos distintos de 14 dias. Durante os primeiros 14 dias, um produto contendo flúor + nano-hidroxiapatita foi aplicado duas vezes (grupo experimental, GNH, n = 48), e nos outros 14 dias não foi aplicado qualquer produto de prevenção (grupo controle, GC, n = 48). Em ambos os grupos, ao longo do experimento, os blocos foram gotejados com sacarose a 20%, 8 vezes ao dia. Após o experimento, todos os espécimes foram seccionados e examinados para análise de profundidade de lesão (µm), sob microscopia de luz polarizada, e para microdureza longitudinal do esmalte do braquete (a 30µm e a 130µm da margem), a 7 profundidades diferentes (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90 e 110µm) Resultados: sob luz polarizada, o grupo GNH apresentou significativamente menor profundidade de desmineralização ( X ¯= 15,01µm, D.P. = 33,65) em relação ao GC ( X ¯= 76,43µm, D.P. = 83,75) A microdureza longitudinal do esmalte demonstrou valor significativamente maior para o grupo GNH, quando comparado ao GC. Conclusão: a nano-hidroxiapatita associada ao fluoreto pode ser um procedimento alternativo para a prevenção da desmineralização do esmalte adjacente aos braquetes ortodônticos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess in situ the effect of fluoride associated with nano-hydroxyapatite for the prevention of demineralization of the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Eight volunteers wore palatal devices prepared with 6 bovine enamel blocks (5x5x2 mm) with bonded brackets. The volunteers used the devices in two different moments of 14 days each. During the first 14 days, a product containing fluoride + nano-hydroxyapatite was applied twice (experimental group, GNH, n = 48), and for the other 14 days no prevention product was applied (control group, CG, n = 48). In both groups, along the experiment, the blocks were dripped with 20% sucrose eight times daily. After the experiment, all the specimens were sectioned and examined for lesion depth analysis (µm) under polarized light microscopy, and for enamel longitudinal microhardness (measured under the bracket, at 30 µm and at 130 µm from the margin), at seven different depths (10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 µm). Results: Under polarized light, group GNH presented significantly less demineralization depth ( X ¯= 15.01 µm, SD = 33.65) in relation to CG ( X ¯= 76.43 µm, SD = 83.75). Enamel longitudinal microhardness demonstrated significantly higher microhardness for group GNH when compared to CG. Conclusion: Fluoride + nano-hydroxyapatite can be an alternative preventive procedure for demineralization of the enamel adjacent to orthodontic brackets.

RESUMO Racional: A cirurgia bariátrica pode repercutir negativamente nas condições bucais. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de um programa educativo/preventivo em saúde bucal desenvolvido em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 109 pacientes aleatoriamente alocados em dois grupos: grupo de intervenção (GI), onde participaram do programa de promoção de saúde bucal com abordagens educativo-preventivas; grupo controle (GC), onde receberam cuidado da equipe da clínica, sem participação no programa. As condições bucais investigadas nos períodos pré e pós-operatório de um mês (1M) e seis meses (6M) foram: cárie dentária, doença periodontal, desgaste dentário, placa dentária e fluxo salivar. Resultados: Após a gastroplastia, pacientes do GI apresentaram: menor alteração em esmalte (6M: p=0,004), dentina (6M: p=0,005) e sangramento gengival (6M: p<0,0001); redução no índice de placa (1M, 6M: p<0,0001) e aumento do fluxo salivar (6M: p=0,039), quando comparados aos do GC. Desgaste dentário incipiente foi registrado em ambos os grupos (6M: p=0,713). Conclusão: Houve impacto positivo do programa implementado na prevenção dos principais problemas de saúde bucal em pacientes submetidos à gastroplastia, contribuindo para sua qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Background: The bariatric surgery may have negative repercussions on oral conditions. Aim: To evaluate the impact of oral health educational/preventive program developed with patients submitted to gastroplasties. Method: The sample consisted of 109 patients randomly allocated to two groups: intervention group (IG), where they participated in the oral health promotion program that include multiple educational-preventive approaches; control group (CG), where they received usual care from the bariatric clinic staff, without participation in the program. The oral conditions investigated in the pre-operative and postoperative periods of one month (1M) and six months (6M) were: dental caries, periodontal disease, tooth wear, dental plaque and salivary flow. Results: After bariatric surgery, patients in IG presented: fewer changes in enamel (6M: p=0.004), dentin (6M: p=0.005) and gingival bleeding (6M: p<0.0001), reduction in plaque index (1M, 6M: p<0.0001) and increased salivary flow (6M: p=0.039), when compared with CG. Incipient tooth wear was recorded in both groups (6M: p=0.713). Conclusion: There was a positive impact of the implemented program in the prevention of the main oral health problems in patients who underwent gastroplasties, contributing to their quality of life.

Abstract Objective: To identify the dental anomalies that can modify the occlusal characteristics and their distribution in these occlusal alterations in the skeletal patterns of children. Material and Methods: We analyzed charts, panoramic and periapical radiographs of children aged 5 to 12 years from 2009 to 2012. The facial pattern was evaluated through subjective face analysis and cephalometric data, as well as the occlusion of patients with and without (control) dental anomalies. The relationship between the presence of dental anomalies and malocclusion was analyzed by the Chi-square test with significance level of 5%. Results: 73 children (27.8%) presented dental anomalies, being 49.3% in girls and 50.7% in boys in a total of 88 teeth involved. Anomalies observed in decreasing order were: enamel hypoplasias, eruptive ectopias, agenesis, supernumerary teeth, corono-radicular dilaceration, microdontia, transposition and imperfect amelogenesis. Of these, 22.2% presented associated dental anomalies, whose ectopic eruption with enamel hypoplasia were the most frequently encountered. When comparing the control group with children with dental abnormalities it was observed a significant relationship between the presence of dental anomalies and malocclusion (p<0.05). The most frequent alteration among patients with dental anomalies was deep overbite (24.6%), followed by crowding (23.3%), posterior crossbite (14.2%), anterior open bite (12.9%) and anterior crossbite (0.3%). onclusion: Dental dysgenesis interferes with the development of occlusion and the resulting occlusal problems are distributed differently, taking into account the skeletal facial pattern in patients with and without dental anomalies.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the sweetness taste preference levels and their relationship with the nutritional and dental caries patterns among preschool children. Material and Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 191 children aged 4 to 5 years, who were regularly attending public Child Education Centers of a city southern Brazil. Children’s preference for sugar was evaluated by the Sweet Preference Inventory; caries prevalence, according to the World Health Organization criteria, and nutritional status, by anthropometric weight and stature measurements, in accordance with child growth standards of the World Health Organization. Results: High levels of sweetness preference were identified. The majority of children (67.5%) opted for the most concentrated sucrose solutions. Excess weight was recorded in 27.7% of the preschoolers. The prevalence of caries was 51.8%, with the mean dmf-t equal to 1.92 (± 2.72) and the decayed (c) component responsible for 94.2% of the index. No significant association between sweetness preference and the nutritional or the oral health patterns could be established. In addition, no association between excess weight and dental caries was identified. The diseases studied were only associated with sociodemographic variables. Excess weight was associated with maternal age (p=0.004) and caries experience with family income (p=0.013). Conclusion: No significant associations could be stablished between the sweetness taste preference and the diseases studied, nor between excess weight and dental caries. However, the findings of high patterns of sweet preference, excess weight and untreated caries experience, highlight the need for the implementation of integrated public policies aimed at controlling both nutritional and of oral health problems in the studied population.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the presence of clinical and radiographic sequelae in primary teeth affected by dental trauma and its association with age at the time of trauma in children attended at a Public Higher Education Institution. Material and Methods: This is a longitudinal clinical study, in which 229 patients with history of dental trauma in primary teeth were examined, totaling 390 traumatized teeth. Relative frequency analysis was used, and for associations, the Chi-square test was used to verify the relationship of age at the time of trauma with variables such as type of trauma. Results: The most prevalent age group was over 24 months, and fall from own height as the main etiological factor; 71.0% of traumas had involvement of 2 teeth, 9.5% had history of anterior trauma and 66.6% of traumas involved supporting tissues. Regarding the type of injury to dental tissue, the most prevalent was enamel fracture (58.3%) and to periodontium, lateral dislocation (30.8%). Children older than two years had less trauma related to dental tissue (p<0.01), higher number of injuries to the periodontium (p=0.03); and most of them did not present extra-oral changes associated with trauma (p=0.01). During the 12-month period, 325 teeth were examined, and the most frequent clinical sequelae observed was crown discoloration. In the radiographic evaluation, inflammatory root resorption was the most prevalent. Conclusion: Children older than two years presented more injuries to the periodontium. After 12 months, the main clinical sequelae observed was enamel discoloration and the main radiographic sequelae was inflammatory root resorption.

Abstract: The identity of the freshwater nemertean Prostoma graecense (Böhming, 1892) from Lake Xochimilco is solved 75 years after its first recording. Identification of the specimens was accomplished via both morphological and molecular means, the latter employing the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Recent literature and our results suggest that this species has a cosmopolitan distribution and has, presumably, been recently introduced to areas well removed from its original distribution, which is unknown. The current study provides a background for continuing the work with freshwater and marine nemerteans and underscores the importance of including molecular data in future studies of the group.

Resumen: Se resuelve la identidad taxonómica del nemertino dulceacuícola Prostoma graecense (Böhming, 1892) del lago de Xochimilco 75 años después del primer registro. La identificación de los ejemplares se realizó con base en caracteres morfológicos y moleculares, esta última empleando el citocromo c oxidasa subunidad I mitocondrial. La literatura reciente y nuestros resultados sugieren que esta especie tiene una distribución cosmopolita y que ha sido introducida, presumiblemente, en áreas lejanas de su distribución original, la cual es desconocida. El presente estudio proporciona un contexto para continuar los estudios sobre nemertinos de agua marina y dulceacuícola y enfatiza la importancia de incluir datos moleculares en futuros estudios del grupo.

Resumo Introdução O uso de medicações intracanais com propriedades antimicrobianas é fundamental para descontaminação dos canais radiculares durante o tratamento endodôntico. O hidróxido de cálcio é utilizado como medicação intracanal por apresentar excelentes propriedades. O óleo de Melaleuca alternifólia apresenta importância medicinal demonstrando ação antifúngica e bactericida comprovada contra patógenos humanos. Objetivo Avaliar aspectos físico-químicos da associação do óleo de Melaleuca Alternifólia com hidróxido de cálcio, como: pH e liberação de cálcio durante diferentes períodos. Material e método O pó do hidróxido de cálcio foi adicionado aos veículos até a concentração de 72mg/0,1mL. Foram divididos três grupos: Grupo I: Hidróxido de Cálcio + Água Destilada; Grupo II: Hidróxido de Cálcio + Propilenoglicol; Grupo III: Hidróxido de Cálcio + Óleo de Melaleuca. O pH de cada grupo foi medido após 10 minutos, 24, 48 horas, 7, 15 e 30 dias após a espatulação por um pHmetro. A liberação de cálcio foi analisada através da espectrometria de absorção atômica equipada com uma lâmpada cátodo para cálcio. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Dunn. Resultado O grupo II apresentou pH elevado, semelhante ao grupo III, permanecendo uniforme aos 15 e 30 dias. A liberação de cálcio iniciou em 24 horas, de forma semelhante nos grupos II e III e seu pico de liberação deu-se em 48 horas. Conclusão A associação do Óleo de Melaleuca com hidróxido de cálcio apresentou bons resultados quanto à análise de pH e liberação de cálcio, demonstrando ação semelhante ao propilenoglicol + hidróxido de cálcio.

Abstract Introduction The use of intracanal medications with antimicrobial properties is essential for decontaminating root canals during endodontic treatment. Calcium hydroxide is used for this because of its excellent properties. Melaleuca alternifolia oil has shown medicinal importance by demonstrating antifungal and bactericidal action against proven human pathogens. Objective To evaluate the physical and chemical aspects such as pH and calcium release, of Melaleuca alternifolia oil associated with calcium hydroxide, during different time intervals. Material and method Calcium hydroxide powder was added to vehicles to reach a concentration of 72mg / 0.1mL. Three groups were formed: Group I: Calcium Hydroxide + Distilled Water; Group II: Calcium hydroxide + Propylene Glycol; Group III: Calcium hydroxide + Melaleuca oil. The pH of each group was measured after time intervals of 10 minutes; 24 and 48 hours; 7, 15 and 30 days after tooling by a pH meter. Calcium release was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry equipped with a calcium hollow cathode lamp. Data were statistically analyzed by using the Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn test. Result Group II showed high pH, similar to group III that remained uniform at 15 and 30 days. Calcium release that began after 24 hours, was similar in Groups II and III, and showed a peak release in 48 hours. Conclusion The association of Melaleuca oil with calcium hydroxide showed good results in the pH and calcium release analyses, and showed action similar to that of propylene glycol + calcium hydroxide.

Abstract Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a variant of lichen planopilaris with marginal progressive hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows and axillae. We report a case of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmentosus in a postmenopausal woman, that started with alopecia on the eyebrows and then on the frontoparietal region, with periocular and cervical hyperpigmentation of difficult management. The condition was controlled with systemic corticosteroid therapy and finasteride. Lichen planus pigmentosus is an uncommon variant of lichen planus frequently associated with frontal fibrosing alopecia in darker phototipes. It should be considered in patients affected by scarring alopecia with a pattern of lichen planopilaris and areas of skin hyperpigmentation revealing perifollicular hyperpigmentation refractory to multiple treatments. This case illustrates diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in face of scarring alopecia and perifollicular hyperpigmentation.

Resumen El bromacil es un pesticida que se ha encontrado en fuentes de abastecimiento de agua en Costa Rica. Se ha estudiado su degradación en matriz acuosa, principalmente con métodos fotoquímicos. En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio que evalúo la degradación de bromacil por un hongo filamentoso identificado como cepa IT-01 del género Penicillium spp, aislado de suelo contaminado con el herbicida. Se estudió y valoró la eficiencia de remoción del bromacil en un biofiltro a escala laboratorio. Las pruebas se realizaron en el laboratorio de Ingeniería Aplicada de la carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental y el Centro de Investigación y de Servicios Químicos y Microbiológicos (CEQIATEC) del Tecnológico de Costa Rica. La eficiencia de remoción del pesticida al utilizar el microorganismo en un medio acuoso suspendido fue del 50% en 72 horas; sin embargo, al fijarse el hongo en esponja marina y utilizarse en un biofiltro, se obtuvo una eficiencia promedio del 80%, en un tiempo de 18 a 39 segundos. Durante los ensayos del biofiltro se evaluó el tipo de esponja marina como medio de soporte, el efecto de la inoculación del medio filtrante y el tiempo de retención hidráulico. Utilizando el software Minitab, se determinó, con un 95% de confianza, que la inoculación del medio fue el único parámetro que afectó significativamente la eficiencia de remoción del bromacil.

Abstract Bromacil is a pesticide that has been found in water sources in Costa Rica and its degradation in aqueous matrix has been studied mainly by photochemical methods. This article exposes the Bromacil degradation by a filamentous fungus identified as strain IT-01 Penicillium spp, isolated from contaminated soil and its application in a laboratory scale biofilter. The tests were made at Applied Environmental Engineering laboratories and the Center for Research and Chemical Microbiological Services at Costa Rican Institute of Technology. The removal efficiency using the microorganism in an aqueous suspended medium was 50% in 72 hours; however, adhering the fungus and used in a marine sponge in biofilter it was obtained a removal efficiency of 80% with retention times from 18 to 39 seconds. During the biofilter tests: the type of marine sponge as a supporting mean, the effect of inoculation of the filter medium and the hydraulic retention time were evaluated. Through Minitab software, it was determined at 95% confidence that the inoculation of the medium was the only parameter that significantly affects the efficiency of removal for this pollutant.

Objective: Analysis of the X-ray diagnose method adopted by the Navy Health Corps in the last few years of the 19th century and its scientific, legal and institutional support. Material and Method: Clinic reports referring the need to create X-ray consulting rooms in Navy hospitals; documents retrieved from the General Navy Archive (Viso del Marqués, Ciudad Real), regulations, legislation and government support. Scientific research evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the newly- born radio diagnosis technique. Results: Demand and adoption of this technique, its medical use in the military realm, and its subsequent extension to civil population. First steps of X-rays in Spain. Conclusion: Implementation of radiology as a diagnosis method in Navy hospitals and ships within the context of Spanish science by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th.

Objetivo: Análisis del método de diagnóstico de los rayos X adoptado por el Cuerpo de Sanidad de la Armada en los últimos años del siglo XIX y de los apoyos científicos, legales e institucionales. Material y método: Memorias clínicas apuntando la necesidad de creación de gabinetes radiológicos en los hospitales de la marina; documentos rescatados de los fondos del Archivo General de la Marina (Viso del Marqués, Ciudad Real). Reglamentos, legislación y apoyos del gobierno. Estudios científicos con los pros y los contras de la técnica diagnóstica de la radiología naciente. Resultados: Demanda y adopción de esta técnica y su aplicación a la asistencia sanitaria en el ámbito castrense y su extensión a la población civil. Primeros pasos de los rayos X en España. Conclusión: Implantación de la radiología como método diagnóstico en los hospitales y en los barcos de la Armada, dentro del contexto de la ciencia en España a finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX.

ResumenLas corvinas son especies de interés comercial que han sido sobreexplotadas en el Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir por primera vez, el desove espontáneo y la ontogenia de las larvas de la corvina aguada Cynoscion squamipinnis en cautiverio, con el fin de realizar repoblamiento y proyectos de maricultura. Reproductores silvestres (n= 6, 1-2 Kg), fueron capturados y mantenidos en la Estación de Biología Marina Juan Bertoglia Richards (Puntarenas, Costa Rica) por un periodo de dos años (octubre 2006-diciembre 2008). Durante este periodo, el estado de madurez de las hembras (n= 3) fue registrado mediante muestras de cánula y los machos (n= 3) mediante masaje abdominal. Todos los reproductores fueron colocados juntos en un tanque de 18 t, con aireación, a una salinidad entre 33-35 ups y expuestos a una temperatura constante (29 ± 1 °C). De enero a marzo 2009 ocurrió un periodo de desove espontáneo, obteniéndose 162 000 huevos en tres desoves. El porcentaje de fertilización fue de 50-60 %, y la supervivencia después de la eclosión fue entre 60-85 %. El diámetro de los huevos fue de 0.852 mm (Desviación Estándar= 0.039), con una gota de aceite de 0.269 mm (DE= 0.016). En el desarrollo embrionario, la primera división mitótica ocurrió una hora después del desove (hdd), la segunda división 1:30 hdd, la tercera división 2 hdd, la cuarta división a las 2:30 hdd, y la quinta 3:00 hdd. La mórula fue observada a las 3:30 hdd, la blástula a las 4:30 hdd, la gástrula a las 8:30 hdd, la forma C a las 10:00 hdd, y la forma S ocurrió de las 10-19 hdd. La eclosión ocurrió 19 hdd. La larva midió 2.234 mm (DE= 0.122) de longitud total (LT), y 2.179 mm (DE= 0.119) de longitud notocordial (LN). La preflexión inició 49 hdd, la flexión 11 días después del desove (ddd) (3.767 mm LT, DE= 0.209), y la postflexión a los 14 ddd (4.015 mm LT, DE= 0.302). A los 45 ddd, los juveniles pesaron 3.68 g (DE= 1.09). El tiempo de eclosión de las larvas de la corvina aguada fue menor al de otras especies de corvina. Los tiempos de formación en las etapas embrionarias difirieron poco con respecto a los tiempos observados para otras especies de corvinas. Las diferencias observadas con respecto a otras especies, probablemente responden a las características genéticas propias de cada especie y a la temperatura de incubación de los huevos. La obtención de desoves espontáneos sin aplicaciones hormonales a los reproductores, y la producción de juveniles en cautiverio demostraron que la corvina aguada puede ser considerada en programas de repoblamiento y proyectos de maricultura.

Abstract:The croakers or drums are commercial species, which have been overfished in the Nicoya Gulf, Costa Rica. This study aimed to describe, for the first time, the reproduction and the ontogeny of weakfish, Cynoscion squamipinnis in captivity, in order to perform restocking and mariculture projects. Wild fish (n= 6, 1-2 Kg) were captured and maintained in the Estación de Biología Marina Juan Bertoglia Richards (Puntarenas, Costa Rica) for a two years period (October 2006- December 2008). During this period, maturation stage was monitored periodically by cannula samples in the females (n= 3) and gentle massage in males (n= 3). All fish were stocked in an 18 t tank, with aeration, 33-35 ups of salinity, and a constant temperature (29 ± 1 °C). The spawning period occurred from January to March 2009, producing 162 000 eggs in three spontaneous spawns. The fertilization percentage was 50-60%, and survival after hatching was 60-85%. The egg diameter was 0.852 mm (Standard deviation (SD)= 0.039), and oil drop of 0.269 mm (SD= 0.016). In the embryonary development, the first mitotic division (MD) was observed one hour after spawning (has), the second MD was 1:30 has, the third MD was 2:00 has, the fourth MD was 2:30 has, and fifth MD at 3:00 has. Morule was observed 3:30 has, the blastule 4:30 has, the gastrule 8:30 has, C shape at 10:00 has, and C shape at 12:00 has. After 19 has hatching larvae occurred. The total length (TL) of the larvae was 2.234 mm (SD= 0.122), and the nothochordial length (NL) was 2.179 mm (SD= 0.119). Preflexion stage was observed 49 has, flexion stage was 11 days after spawn (das) (3.767 mm LT (SD= 0.209)), and postflexion stage was 14 das (4.015 mm LT (SD= 0.302)). After 45 das, the juvenile weights 3.68 g (SD= 1.09). Hatch time of the weakfish larvae was minor than of others croaker species. The stages times of embrionary development were a little different from others croaker species, and probably respond to genetic characteristics of each species and the eggs incubation temperature. The spontaneously spawning without broodstock hormonal applications, and the juveniles production in captivity showed that weakfish is a potential species for restocking programs and mariculture projects. Rev. Biol. Trop. 64 (3): 991-1005. Epub 2016 September 01.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between oral health status and central obesity (CO) in Brazilian independent-living elderly. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 489 elderly, who were participants of the Study on Aging and Longevity, in Londrina, state of Parana. The number of natural teeth and use of prostheses were evaluated according to the World Health Organization criteria. The presence of CO was assessed using measures of waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). Information concerning sociodemographic profile and some systemic conditions was also collected. Data were analyzed using stepwise logistic regression, α=5%. According to WC and WHR measures, the prevalence of central obesity was 79.3% and 76.1%, respectively. CO according to WC was not associated with oral status. Considering the WHR measure, the following oral conditions were associated to CO: having fewer natural teeth (OR = 2.61; 95%CI = 1.17–5.80), being edentulous and wearing both upper and lower complete dentures (OR = 2.34; 95%CI = 1.11–4.93), and being edentulous wearing only the upper complete denture (OR = 2.64; 95%CI = 1.01–6.95). Traditional risk factors for CO such as gender, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes were associated with both measures. A poor oral health due to extensive tooth loss, whether partial or complete, even if rehabilitated by removable prostheses, may be considered a good predictor of CO in Brazilian independent-living elderly.