Abstract Introduction: currently, various tools have been designed to timely detect the risk of malnutrition in hospitalized children. In those with a diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), there is only one tool developed in Canada: Infant Malnutrition and Feeding Checklist for Congenital Heart Disease (IMFC:CHD), which was designed in English. Objective: to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish adaptation of the IMFC:CHD tool in infants with CHD. Methods: cross-sectional validation study carried out in two stages. The first, of translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the tool, and the second, of validation of the new translated tool, where evidence of reliability and validity were obtained. Results: in the first stage, the tool was translated and adapted to the Spanish language; for the second stage, 24 infants diagnosed with CHD were included. The concurrent criterion validity between the screening tool and the anthropometric evaluation was evaluated, obtaining a substantial agreement (κ = 0.660, 95 % CI: 0.36-0.95) and for the predictive criterion validity, which was compared with the days of hospital stay, moderate agreement was obtained (κ = 0.489, 95 % CI: 0.1-0.8). The reliability of the tool was evaluated through external consistency, measuring the inter-observer agreement, obtaining a substantial agreement (κ = 0.789, 95 % CI: 0.5-0.9), and the reproducibility of the tool showed an almost perfect agreement (κ = 1, CI 95 %: 0.9-1.0). Conclusions: the IMFC:CHD tool showed adequate validity and reliability, and could be considered as a useful resource for the identification of severe malnutrition.

Resumen Introducción: actualmente, se han diseñado diversas herramientas para detectar oportunamente el riesgo de desnutrición en niños hospitalizados. En aquellos con diagnóstico de cardiopatías congénitas (CC), solo existe una herramienta desarrollada en Canadá, llamada Infant Malnutrition and Feeding Checklist for Congenital Heart Disease (IMFC:CHD), la cual fue diseñada en idioma inglés. Objetivo: evaluar la validez y confiabilidad de la adaptación en español de la herramienta IMFC:CHD en lactantes con CC. Métodos: estudio transversal de validación realizado en dos etapas: la primera, de traducción y adaptación transcultural de la herramienta; y la segunda, de validación de la nueva herramienta traducida, donde se obtuvieron las evidencias de confiabilidad y validez. Resultados: en la primera etapa se obtuvo la herramienta traducida y adaptada al idioma español; para la segunda etapa se incluyeron 24 lactantes con diagnóstico de CC. Se evaluó la validez de criterio concurrente entre la herramienta de tamizaje y la evaluación antropométrica, obteniéndose un acuerdo sustancial (κ = 0,660, IC 95 %: 0,36-0,95). Para la validez de criterio predictiva, la cual fue comparada con los días de estancia hospitalaria, se obtuvo un acuerdo moderado (κ = 0,489, IC 95 %: 0,1-0,8). La confiabilidad de la herramienta se evaluó mediante consistencia externa, midiendo la concordancia interobservador, y se obtuvo un acuerdo sustancial (κ = 0,789, IC 95 %: 0,5-0,9); la reproducibilidad de la herramienta mostró un acuerdo casi perfecto (κ = 1, IC 95 %: 0,9-1,0). Conclusiones: la herramienta IMFC:CHD mostró una adecuada validez y confiabilidad, por lo que podría considerarse un recurso útil para la identificación de desnutrición grave.

Abstract Background Hall technique (HT) has been indicated for teeth with dentinal caries lesion; however, extensive cavities, with more than two surfaces still seem challenging for restorative treatment in pediatric dentistry, resulting in a higher failure rate and an increased need for retreatment. Objectives To compare the survival rate of the Hall technique preformed metal crown (HT) with resin composite restoration (RC) for multi-surface cavitated caries lesions in primary molars. Methodology In this multicenter two-arm randomized clinical trial, children between 4 and 9 years of age with at least one primary molar with cavitated caries lesion involving more than two surfaces, including one buccal or palatal/lingual surface, were selected from 17 Brazilian cities. A total of 364 teeth were allocated into two groups: (1) teeth treated with selective caries removal and RC and (2) treated with the HT. The survival rate was assessed at 6 and 12 months after the interventions. Survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan‒Meier method. Cox regression was used to determine the influence of explanatory variables on the survival rate (α=5%). Results After 12 months, 292 teeth were re-evaluated. A total of 358 teeth were re-evaluated at least once during the study and included in the survival analysis. The HT (87.8%) resulted in a higher survival rate than RC restoration (75.7%) (p=0.004). Conclusion HT has a higher survival rate than RC as a treatment for multi-surface cavitated caries lesions in primary teeth. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02782390

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the pulp vitality of primary teeth with deep caries treated with two restorative techniques. The restoration survival rate was also evaluated as a secondary outcome. Children aged from 4 to 8 years with at least one deep carious lesion in molars were selected at the Ibirapuera University dental clinic. One hundred and eight deciduous molars were allocated into two groups: (1) restoration with calcium hydroxide cement lining followed by filling with high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (CHC+HVGIC) or (2) restoration with HVGIC. Pulp vitality and restoration survival were evaluated at 6, 12, and 24 months. Intent-to-treat analysis was used for pulp vitality, and survival analysis was performed with the Kaplan-Meier method (α=5%). Results: At 24 months, 86 restorations were evaluated, and 91 were evaluated at least once during the study. There was no significant difference between the restorative treatments regarding pulp vitality (CHC +HVGIC=70% and HVGIC=68.5%) (OR=1.091; CI95%=0.481-2.475). However, HVGIC (73%) restorations showed a higher survival rate than CHC+HVGIC (50%) (p=0.021). Thus, it can conclude that deep caries in primary molars should be restored with HVGIC, since the technique results in similar pulp vitality to the CHC +HVGIC, but with a higher restoration survival rate.

Resumen El sector floricultor en Colombia genera gran impacto económico y social desde hace más de 40 años. Las hortensias tienen los mayores incrementos en áreas sembradas y exportaciones, pero muy poco se tiene documentado sobre las principales plagas y enfermedades que afectan los cultivos. Este trabajo evaluó las plagas presentes en flores de hortensia inspeccionadas en una comercializadora del oriente antiqueño. Durante cinco meses se evaluaron 6.272 muestras (31.360 flores), de nueve cultivares procedentes de 86 predios en seis municipios. El 8,61 % de las muestras presentaron algún individuo limitante para su comercialización. Los artrópodos de mayor incidencia (75,19 %) fueron los ácaros, tanto huevos como formas móviles, y en menor proporción áfidos, trips y babosas. Los cultivares más afectados fueron los de flores azules. El 90 % de los predios (n = 86) presentaron algún evento de interceptación, sin un patrón de afectación espacial asociado al municipio de procedencia. El análisis sugiere que la interceptación por plagas cuarentenarias se asocia al manejo del cultivo y al tratamiento poscosecha, más que a los cultivares o localización geográfica de los mismos. Este trabajo presenta por primera vez información referente a las plagas de mayor incidencia en hortensias tipo exportación, y aporta información que puede ayudar a identificar plagas, sectores y cultivares prioritarios para inspección y evaluación en campo.

Abstract Floriculture in Colombia has great economic and social impact bringing important profit to the sector for more than 40 years. Recently, the hydrangeas flower market have the largest growths in cultivated areas and exported product, but they also have the highest rates of interceptions at the international ports. Even so, few information about the main pests affecting crops, areas or cultivars has been published. This study evaluated the pests captured on hydrangeas’ flowers inspected in a trading company of the Eastern region of Antioquia. A total of 6,272 samples (31,360 flowers), of nine cultivars from 86 farms in six municipalities collected during five months were used. The 8.61 % of the samples had at least one limiting-pest specimen for exportation. The most frequent arthropods were mites, eggs and motile stages, and in less frequency aphids, thrips and slugs. The most affected cultivars were those with blue flowers. The 90 % of the farms (n = 86) had at least one event of interception, although there was no spatial pattern associated with municipality. Our data suggest that the interceptions by quarantine pests were associated with the crop and post-harvest management rather than their geographic location or cultivars. This work provides, for the first time, information of the pests with highest incidence in exporting-type Hydrangeas. Although there is no information about the incidence of hydrangeas pests in the crops, these results could help to identify priority areas and cultivars for inspection and evaluation in the field.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a comensalidade e a antropofagia como metáforas que ligam poder, conflitos, violência e feitiçaria na África Subsaariana com base na revisão bibliográfica. O imaginário da feitiçaria continua a proliferar-se em todos os setores da vida social e acompanha os processos de urbanização e modernização. A feitiçaria e as imagens de banquetes antropofágicos representam uma tentativa de explicar e domesticar eventos históricos traumáticos, tais quais a colonização e a escravidão, a urbanização e as rápidas mudanças sociais, econômicas e políticas, por meio de reacomodações criativas que envolvem cosmologia, noção de pessoa e relações sociais, mas favorecem, ao mesmo tempo, a propagação da violência e do medo.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to explore commensality and anthropophagy as metaphors that connect power, conflict, violence and witchcraft in Sub-Saharan Africa, on the basis of a bibliographic review. The imagery of witchcraft continues to proliferate in all sectors of social life and accompanies the processes of urbanization and modernization. Witchcraft and images of anthropophagic banquets represent an attempt to explain and domesticate traumatic historical events, such as colonization and slavery, urbanization, and rapid social, economic. and political changes, through creative rearrangements that involve cosmology, notion of person and social relations, but they favour, at the same time, the propagation of violence and fear.

Resumo Objetivo: Desenvolver um modelo treinamento utilizando tomates para aquisição de habilidades microcirúrgicas oftalmológicas. Métodos: Duas espécies de tomates (Tomate longa vida e cereja) foram utilizados, sendo utilizados tomates verdolengos e maduros. Delimitou-se com marcador permanente um círculo de raio de 0,5cm. Sob magnificação de um sistema de vídeo, foi realizado a separação da casca, tentando evitar lesionar a fruta. Após a dissecção, foi realizado a rafia da região removida com fio de mononáilon 10-0. Resultados: Os modelos utilizados mostraram-se viáveis para a realização do treinamento de dissecção microcirúrgica independente da espécie. O custo médio de cada simulador foi de menos de R$2,00. O tempo médio de dissecção foi de 10,40 ±1,84 minutos no tomate maduro e 15,20 ±2,25 minutos no verdolengos. Apenas nos tomates verdolengos foi possível realizar a rafia. Conclusão: O modelo de treinamento desenvolvido mostrou-se adequado para o treinamento inicial de várias habilidades oftalmológicas. Além disso, apresenta um baixo custo e fácil aquisição e confecção.

Abstract Objectives: Develop a training model using tomatoes to acquire ophthalmic microsurgical skills. Methods: Two species of immature and mature tomatoes (long life and cherry tomato) were used. A 0.5cm radius circle was delimited with a permanent marker. Under a magnification by a video system, the peel was separated, trying to avoid damaging the fruit. After dissection, it was performed the raffia of the peel with 10-0 mononylon thread. Results: The models used proved to be viable for training in microsurgical dissection, regardless of the species. The average cost of each simulator was less than U$ 1.00. The average dissection time was 10.40 ± 1.84 minutes for ripe tomatoes and 15.20 ± 2.25 minutes for greens. Only in immature tomatoes was it possible to make the raffia. Conclusion: The training model developed proved to be suitable for the initial training of many ophthalmic skills. In addition, it has a low cost and is easy to purchase and manufacture.

Resumen El presente trabajo analiza las transformaciones registradas en el desempeño de la industria manufacturera argentina en el período 2003-2015, poniendo el énfasis en las causas de la fase de contracción sectorial que se advierte a partir de 2012. El supuesto es que la interrupción del crecimiento industrial, en el marco de la denominada “restricción externa”, obedeció a un extenso período de subinversión en el ámbito manufacturero. En tal sentido, los hallazgos de esta investigación ponen en evidencia el reducido nivel de inversión de las grandes empresas industriales. Un aspecto novedoso, dada la ausencia de evidencias empíricas que permitan analizar la inversión sectorial en el sistema estadístico argentino.

Abstract This paper analyzes the transformations recorded in the performance of the Argentine manufacturing industry in the period 2003-2015, emphasizing the causes of the contraction phase of the sector that is felt from 2012. The assumption is that the interruption of industrial growth, under the so-called "external constraint", was due to an extended period of sub-investment in manufacturing. In this sense, the findings of this research show the low level of investment of large industrial companies. A novel aspect, given the absence of empirical evidence to analyze the sector investment in the Argentine statistical system.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The difficulties present in health sciences education are experienced by teachers and students in disciplinary subjects. Teachers need to deliver and evaluate large volumes of content and students must assimilate these quickly in order to obtain adequate performance. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of creating conceptual maps on performance, in the subject Clinical Reasoning of the Kinesiology major of a private university of the V Region, Chile. Methods: Quasiexperimental study with the participation of two groups, a control group and an experimental group. In the experimental group, the intervention was applied with the incorporation of the tool for creating conceptual maps in two thematic units. Pre- and post-intervention performance was evaluated. The study population consisted of two groups of students of Kinesiology (n=55), who attended the subject Clinical Reasoning of the seventh semester, corresponding to the first semester of 2017, of the curriculum in the Kinesiology major at a private university in the city of the V region, Chile. Results: The pre- and post-intervention performance indicated a significant difference in the qualifications corresponding to units II and III in the experimental group (paired t-test p<0.0001). When comparing the performance between both groups, control and experimental, the latter obtained an average of significantly higher scores than the control group in units II and III (t-test, p<0.0001). Unit I did not show notable differences between the control group and the experimental group (ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test, p>0.05). Conclusions: The strategy of creating conceptual maps increases the performance in the subject Critical Reasoning, for the addressing of clinical problems. The creation of conceptual maps favors learning and allows the identification of skills that denote greater difficulty in students. The incorporation of these maps in systematic training is proposed as a teaching and evaluation tool.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las dificultades presentes en la educación en ciencias de la salud son experimentadas por docentes y estudiantes en las asignaturas disciplinares. Los profesores requieren entregar y evaluar gran volumen de contenidos y los alumnos deben asimilar estos rápidamente para obtener un adecuado rendimiento. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la creación de mapas conceptuales sobre el rendimiento, en la asignatura Razonamiento Clínico de la carrera de kinesiología de una universidad privada de la V región, Chile. Métodos: Estudio cuasi experimental, en el que participaron dos grupos: control y experimental. En el grupo experimental se aplicó la intervención con la incorporación de la herramienta de creación de mapas conceptuales en dos unidades temáticas. Se evaluó el rendimiento pre- y posintervención. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por dos grupos de estudiantes de Kinesiología (n = 55), que cursaron la asignatura Razonamiento Clínico del séptimo semestre, correspondiente al primer semestre de 2017 de la malla curricular en la carrera de kinesiología, en una universidad privada de la ciudad de la V región, Chile. Resultados: El rendimiento pre- y posintervención indicó una diferencia significativa en las calificaciones correspondientes a las unidades II y III en el grupo experimental (t-test pareado p < 0,0001). Al comparar el desempeño entre ambos grupos: control y experimental, este último obtuvo un promedio de notas significativamente superior al grupo control en las unidades II y III (t-test, p < 0,0001). La unidad I no presentó diferencias notables entre el grupo control con respecto al experimental (ANOVA/Bonferroni post hoc test, p > 0,05). Conclusiones: La estrategia de crear mapas conceptuales incrementa el rendimiento en la asignatura Razonamiento Crítico para abordar problemas clínicos. La creación de mapas conceptuales favorece el aprendizaje y permite identificar habilidades que denotan mayor dificultad en los estudiantes. Se propone la incorporación de estos mapas en formación sistemática como herramienta de enseñanza y evaluación.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the normality pattern in functional tests of peripheral nerves. Methods Sixty female and sixty male Wistar rats were submitted to vibrissae movement and nictitating reflex for facial nerve; grooming test and grasping test for brachial plexus; and walking tracking test and horizontal ladder test for lumbar plexus. The tests were performed separately, with an interval of seven days between each. Results All animals showed the best score in vibrissae movement, nictitating reflex, grooming test, and horizontal ladder test. The best score was acquired for the first time in more than 90% of animals. The mean of strength on the grasping test was 133.46±12.08g for the right and 121.74±8.73g for the left anterior paw. There was a difference between the right and left sides. There was no difference between the groups according to sex. There is no statistical difference comparing all functional indexes between sex, independent of the side analyzed. The peroneal functional index showed higher levels than the sciatic and tibial functional index on both sides and sex. Conclusions The behavioral and functional assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration are low-cost, easy to perform, and reliable tests. However, they need to be performed by experienced researchers to avoid misinterpretation.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: esta investigación descriptiva hace un análisis de distintos factores del entorno escolar asociados al estado nutricional, específicamente al sobrepeso y obesidad, de estudiantes matriculados en diez escuelas públicas de La Unión de Cartago, Costa Rica, durante el 2015-2016. Metodología: se determinó el estado nutricional y características del estilo de vida de 1268 estudiantes, se evaluaron las meriendas, la alimentación del comedor estudiantil y las ventas de alimentos dentro de los centros educativos. Además, se utilizó un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) para ubicar puntos de venta de alimentos y de recreación en un radio de 400 m alrededor de las escuelas. Resultados: el 35% de la muestra tenía exceso de peso. Los alimentos de las meriendas y aquellos vendidos dentro y fuera de las escuelas eran altamente energéticos y de bajo valor nutricional. En los comedores estudiantiles los tamaños de porción no eran adecuados y se servía en exceso alimentos fuente de carbohidratos. El 47% de estudiantes utilizaba juegos electrónicos más de tres veces por semana, el 65% no participaba en actividades deportivas y había desaprovechamiento de las clases de educación física. Solo tres escuelas tenían áreas de recreación disponibles y sus alrededores en buenas condiciones. Conclusión: diversos factores del entorno escolar pertenecientes al microsistema promueven la sobrealimentación y el sedentarismo, por lo que podrían estar contribuyendo con el exceso de peso en la población infantil.

ABSTRACT: Objective: this descriptive investigation makes an analysis of different school environment factors associated with nutritional status, specifically overweight and obesity, of students enrolled in ten public schools in La Union de Cartago, Costa Rica, during 2015-2016. Methodology: The study determinates the nutritional status and characteristics of the lifestyle of 1268 children. Also snacks taken by students, school meals and food sales within schools were evaluated. In addition, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to locate food points of sale and recreation areas within a radius of 400 m around the schools. Results: 35% of the children were overweight. Foods from snacks and those sold inside and outside of schools provide high amounts of energy and low nutritional value. Regarding meals provided in the school's cafeteria, the portion sizes were not adequate, and an excess of foods containing carbohydrate was served. 47% of the children played electronic games more than three times a week, 65% did not participate in sports activities and there was a lack of physical education classes. Only three schools had recreation areas available and their surroundings in good condition. Conclusion: several factors of the school environment belonging to the microsystem promote overfeeding and sedentary lifestyle, which could be contributing to excess bodyweight in children's population.

Resumo Objetivo: construir um modelo para avaliar o uso do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) no Brasil. Métodos: análise documental e revisão da literatura, seguida de oficina de consenso com 19 especialistas, selecionados pela experiência docente ou de pesquisa, atuação profissional ou publicações na temática. A validação ocorreu em plataforma on-line, solicitando-se aos participantes que analisassem a proposta avaliativa e atribuíssem seu julgamento a partir das categorias ‘concordo totalmente’, ‘concordo parcialmente’ e ‘discordo’. Resultados: 15 especialistas confirmaram participação; ao final de três rodadas, os especialistas enfatizaram a clareza da proposta e do objeto de avaliação apresentados nos Modelos Lógico e Teórico-Lógico; a Matriz Avaliativa recebeu concordância total dos especialistas, que apontaram a consistência teórica da construção. Conclusão: este modelo será aplicado para avaliar o uso do PMAQ-AB nas ações da gestão da Atenção Básica e das equipes de saúde.

Abstract Objective: to build a model to evaluate use of the National Program for Improving Primary Health Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB) in Brazil. Methods: document analysis and literature review followed by a consensus workshop with specialists, 19 specialists were invited who were selected because of their teaching or research experience, professional activities or publications related to the subject; validation took place on an online platform where participants were asked to analyze the evaluation proposal and to give their opinion based on the categories ‘I totally agree’, ‘partially agree’, and ‘disagree’. Results: 15 specialists confirmed their participation; at the end of three rounds, the specialists emphasized the clarity of the proposal and the clarity of the object of evaluation presented in both the Logic Model and the Theoretical Logic Model; the specialists fully agreed with the Evaluation Matrix and confirmed its theoretical consistency. Conclusion this model will be applied to evaluate the use of PMAQ-AB in Primary Health Care management and health team actions.

Resumen Objetivo: presentar un modelo para evaluar el uso del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) en Brasil. Métodos: análisis documental y bibliográfico revisión seguido de taller de consenso con especialistas. Resultados: se invitaron 19 especialistas, seleccionados por la experiencia docente o de investigación, actuación profesional o publicaciones relacionadas a la temática; de este total, 15 confirmaron su participación; la validación ocurrió en la plataforma online SurveyMonkey®, solicitando a los participantes que analizaran la propuesta de evaluación y atribuyeran su juicio a partir de las categorías ‘estoy totalmente de acuerdo’, ‘estoy de acuerdo parcialmente’ y ‘discrepo’; al final de tres rondas, los expertos enfatizaron la claridad de la propuesta y del objeto de evaluación presentados en los Modelos Lógico y Teórico-Lógico; la Matriz evaluativa recibió concordancia total de los especialistas que señalaron la consistencia teórica de la construcción. Conclusión: este modelo será aplicado para evaluar el uso del PMAQ-AB en las acciones de la gestión de Atención Básica y de los equipos de salud.

Resumo Objetivo: construir um modelo para avaliar o uso do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) no Brasil. Métodos: análise documental e revisão da literatura, seguida de oficina de consenso com 19 especialistas, selecionados pela experiência docente ou de pesquisa, atuação profissional ou publicações na temática. A validação ocorreu em plataforma on-line, solicitando-se aos participantes que analisassem a proposta avaliativa e atribuíssem seu julgamento a partir das categorias ‘concordo totalmente’, ‘concordo parcialmente’ e ‘discordo’. Resultados: 15 especialistas confirmaram participação; ao final de três rodadas, os especialistas enfatizaram a clareza da proposta e do objeto de avaliação apresentados nos Modelos Lógico e Teórico-Lógico; a Matriz Avaliativa recebeu concordância total dos especialistas, que apontaram a consistência teórica da construção. Conclusão: este modelo será aplicado para avaliar o uso do PMAQ-AB nas ações da gestão da Atenção Básica e das equipes de saúde.

Abstract Objective: to build a model to evaluate use of the National Program for Improving Primary Health Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB) in Brazil. Methods: document analysis and literature review followed by a consensus workshop with specialists, 19 specialists were invited who were selected because of their teaching or research experience, professional activities or publications related to the subject; validation took place on an online platform where participants were asked to analyze the evaluation proposal and to give their opinion based on the categories ‘I totally agree’, ‘partially agree’, and ‘disagree’. Results: 15 specialists confirmed their participation; at the end of three rounds, the specialists emphasized the clarity of the proposal and the clarity of the object of evaluation presented in both the Logic Model and the Theoretical Logic Model; the specialists fully agreed with the Evaluation Matrix and confirmed its theoretical consistency. Conclusion this model will be applied to evaluate the use of PMAQ-AB in Primary Health Care management and health team actions.

Resumen Objetivo: presentar un modelo para evaluar el uso del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) en Brasil. Métodos: análisis documental y bibliográfico revisión seguido de taller de consenso con especialistas. Resultados: se invitaron 19 especialistas, seleccionados por la experiencia docente o de investigación, actuación profesional o publicaciones relacionadas a la temática; de este total, 15 confirmaron su participación; la validación ocurrió en la plataforma online SurveyMonkey®, solicitando a los participantes que analizaran la propuesta de evaluación y atribuyeran su juicio a partir de las categorías ‘estoy totalmente de acuerdo’, ‘estoy de acuerdo parcialmente’ y ‘discrepo’; al final de tres rondas, los expertos enfatizaron la claridad de la propuesta y del objeto de evaluación presentados en los Modelos Lógico y Teórico-Lógico; la Matriz evaluativa recibió concordancia total de los especialistas que señalaron la consistencia teórica de la construcción. Conclusión: este modelo será aplicado para evaluar el uso del PMAQ-AB en las acciones de la gestión de Atención Básica y de los equipos de salud.

Resumen La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad con una alta incidencia en el ser humano, que puede ser controlada, pero como los tratamientos tienen efectos secundarios importantes se han realizado estudios de diversas plantas con el fin de encontrar compuestos con actividad antileishmaniásica que presenten pocos efectos nocivos para el ser humano. El presente estudio consistió en realizar un tamizaje fitoquímico de la planta, para identificar la presencia de cumarinas, terpenos, triterpenos y azúcares reductores. El objetivo fue encontrar componentes químicos puros con actividad contra el parásito Leishmania sp. Por tal razón se purificaron los compuestos: trans-Z-alfabisaboleno y el Safrol, a los que se les realizaron pruebas del efecto anti parasitario que presentaron un CI50 de 50.0 µg/mL y 0.0 µg/mL, respectivamente. Además, se discute la importancia de estos nuevos hallazgos. El compuesto mayoritario presente en los aceites esenciales (Safrol) no es el componente que presentó la actividad. Es importante realizar estudios sobre su proyección en el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis.

Abstract The leishmaniosis disease incidence is high in tropical regions, and its current treatment has shown severe secondary effects. Considering this problem, many studies have focused on plants, looking for chemical components that have anti-leishmanial activity, and are free of adverse effects for human beings. The purpose of this work was to find a chemical component with this kind of activity in Piper auritum. In a phytochemical screening of this plant, we found some cumarins, terpens, triterpens and reducing sugars; and later, we identified the components trans-Z-α-bisabolene epoxide and Safrol. The first component presented a CI50 of 50.0 µg/mL of anti-Leishmania activity. The Safrol, which is the major component of the essential oils of this plant, did not show antiparasitic activity. These results are discussed considering treatment of leishmaniasis. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 826-835. Epub 2018 June 01.

Resumo: Os objetivos do estudo foram: (1) descrever o processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde bucal (ESB) do Brasil, com base nos atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde, segundo regiões, tipo de equipe e características socioeconômicas dos municípios; e (2) verificar se os dados do processo de trabalho das ESB do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) foram capazes de aferir tais atributos. Estudo ecológico, de abrangência nacional, com dados do ciclo I do PMAQ-AB. Foram feitas análises descritivas, fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória (α = 5%). Os construtos formados foram analisados à luz dos atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde (primeiro contato, coordenação do cuidado, integralidade e longitudinalidade). Formaram-se os três primeiros construtos e um quarto fator, denominado ações em prótese dentária. Porém, o atributo longitudinalidade não foi conformado. As medidas de ajuste dos modelos foram satisfatórias. As cargas fatoriais foram maiores que 0,5, exceto para duas variáveis do fator 3. As ações mais realizadas pelas ESB (> 60%) foram as do primeiro contato e as menos comuns foram as da integralidade, destacando-se ter referência para especialidades (7,6%). Houve diferenças no processo de trabalho das ESB entre as regiões, tipo de equipe e estrato de certificação (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que os dados de processo de trabalho das ESB do ciclo I do PMAQ-AB foram capazes de discriminar três dos quatro atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde na rotina dos serviços. Sugere-se aprofundar a avaliação da longitudinalidade. Ademais, as ESB participantes do ciclo I do PMAQ-AB precisam avançar nas ações relacionadas à integralidade e coordenação do cuidado.

Abstract: The study aimed to: (1) describe the work process in Brazil’s oral health teams, based on the essential attributes of primary health care, according to geographic region, type of team, and the municipality’s socioeconomic characteristics and (2) verify whether the data in the work process of the oral health teams in the Brazilian National Program to Improve Access and Quality in primary health (PMAQ-AB) were capable of measuring such attributes. This was a nationwide ecological study with data from cycle I of PMAQ-AB. The study included descriptive, exploratory factor, and confirmatory factor analyses (α = 5%). Constructs were analyzed in light of the essential attributes of primary health care (first contact, coordination of care, comprehensiveness, and continuity). The first three constructs and a fourth factor were formed, called dental prosthesis actions. However, the continuity attribute was not formed. The models’ goodness-of-fit measures were satisfactory. Factor loads were greater than 0.5, except for the two variables in factor 3. The actions most frequently performed by the oral health teams (> 60%) were in first contact, and the least frequent were those in comprehensiveness, highlighting referrals to specialties (7.6%). There were differences in the work process in oral health teams between regions of the country, type of team, and certification strata (p < 0.05). In conclusion, data on the work process in oral health teams from cycle primary health care in the services’ work routine. Further research is recommended on continuity of care. In addition, the oral health teams participating in cycle I of PMAQ-AB should make further progress in actions related to comprehensiveness and coordination of care.

Resumen: Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: (1) describir el proceso de trabajo de los equipos de salud bucal (ESB) en Brasil, conforme los atributos esenciales de la atención primaria a la salud, según regiones, tipo de equipo y características socioeconómicas de los municipios; además de (2) verificar si los datos del proceso de trabajo de las ESB en el Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) fueron capaces de evaluar tales atributos. Es un estudio ecológico, de cobertura nacional, con datos del ciclo I del PMAQ-AB. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios (α = 5%). Los constructos creados se analizaron a la luz de los atributos esenciales de la atención primaria a la salud (primer contacto, coordinación del cuidado, integralidad y longitudinalidad). Se generaron los tres primeros constructos, y un cuarto factor, denominado acciones en prótesis dental. No obstante, el atributo longitudinalidad no se configuró. Las medidas de ajuste de los modelos fueron satisfactorias. Las cargas factoriales fueron mayores que 0,5, excepto en dos variables del factor 3. Las acciones más realizadas por las ESB (> 60%) fueron las de primer contacto, y las menos comunes fueron las de integralidad, destacándose contar con referencias para especialidades (7,6%). Hubo diferencias en el proceso de trabajo de las ESB entre las regiones, tipo de equipo y extracto de certificación (p < 0,05). Se concluye que los datos del proceso de trabajo de las ESB del ciclo I del PMAQ-AB fueron capaces de discriminar tres de los cuatro atributos esenciales de la atención primaria a la salud en la rutina de los servicios. Se sugiere profundizar en la evaluación de la longitudinalidad. Además, las ESB participantes del ciclo I del PMAQ-AB necesitan avanzar en acciones relacionadas con la integralidad y coordinación del cuidado.

Resumo: Os objetivos do estudo foram: (1) descrever o processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde bucal (ESB) do Brasil, com base nos atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde, segundo regiões, tipo de equipe e características socioeconômicas dos municípios; e (2) verificar se os dados do processo de trabalho das ESB do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) foram capazes de aferir tais atributos. Estudo ecológico, de abrangência nacional, com dados do ciclo I do PMAQ-AB. Foram feitas análises descritivas, fatoriais exploratória e confirmatória (α = 5%). Os construtos formados foram analisados à luz dos atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde (primeiro contato, coordenação do cuidado, integralidade e longitudinalidade). Formaram-se os três primeiros construtos e um quarto fator, denominado ações em prótese dentária. Porém, o atributo longitudinalidade não foi conformado. As medidas de ajuste dos modelos foram satisfatórias. As cargas fatoriais foram maiores que 0,5, exceto para duas variáveis do fator 3. As ações mais realizadas pelas ESB (> 60%) foram as do primeiro contato e as menos comuns foram as da integralidade, destacando-se ter referência para especialidades (7,6%). Houve diferenças no processo de trabalho das ESB entre as regiões, tipo de equipe e estrato de certificação (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que os dados de processo de trabalho das ESB do ciclo I do PMAQ-AB foram capazes de discriminar três dos quatro atributos essenciais da atenção primária à saúde na rotina dos serviços. Sugere-se aprofundar a avaliação da longitudinalidade. Ademais, as ESB participantes do ciclo I do PMAQ-AB precisam avançar nas ações relacionadas à integralidade e coordenação do cuidado.

Abstract: The study aimed to: (1) describe the work process in Brazil’s oral health teams, based on the essential attributes of primary health care, according to geographic region, type of team, and the municipality’s socioeconomic characteristics and (2) verify whether the data in the work process of the oral health teams in the Brazilian National Program to Improve Access and Quality in primary health (PMAQ-AB) were capable of measuring such attributes. This was a nationwide ecological study with data from cycle I of PMAQ-AB. The study included descriptive, exploratory factor, and confirmatory factor analyses (α = 5%). Constructs were analyzed in light of the essential attributes of primary health care (first contact, coordination of care, comprehensiveness, and continuity). The first three constructs and a fourth factor were formed, called dental prosthesis actions. However, the continuity attribute was not formed. The models’ goodness-of-fit measures were satisfactory. Factor loads were greater than 0.5, except for the two variables in factor 3. The actions most frequently performed by the oral health teams (> 60%) were in first contact, and the least frequent were those in comprehensiveness, highlighting referrals to specialties (7.6%). There were differences in the work process in oral health teams between regions of the country, type of team, and certification strata (p < 0.05). In conclusion, data on the work process in oral health teams from cycle primary health care in the services’ work routine. Further research is recommended on continuity of care. In addition, the oral health teams participating in cycle I of PMAQ-AB should make further progress in actions related to comprehensiveness and coordination of care.

Resumen: Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: (1) describir el proceso de trabajo de los equipos de salud bucal (ESB) en Brasil, conforme los atributos esenciales de la atención primaria a la salud, según regiones, tipo de equipo y características socioeconómicas de los municipios; además de (2) verificar si los datos del proceso de trabajo de las ESB en el Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y Calidad de la Atención Básica (PMAQ-AB) fueron capaces de evaluar tales atributos. Es un estudio ecológico, de cobertura nacional, con datos del ciclo I del PMAQ-AB. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios (α = 5%). Los constructos creados se analizaron a la luz de los atributos esenciales de la atención primaria a la salud (primer contacto, coordinación del cuidado, integralidad y longitudinalidad). Se generaron los tres primeros constructos, y un cuarto factor, denominado acciones en prótesis dental. No obstante, el atributo longitudinalidad no se configuró. Las medidas de ajuste de los modelos fueron satisfactorias. Las cargas factoriales fueron mayores que 0,5, excepto en dos variables del factor 3. Las acciones más realizadas por las ESB (> 60%) fueron las de primer contacto, y las menos comunes fueron las de integralidad, destacándose contar con referencias para especialidades (7,6%). Hubo diferencias en el proceso de trabajo de las ESB entre las regiones, tipo de equipo y extracto de certificación (p < 0,05). Se concluye que los datos del proceso de trabajo de las ESB del ciclo I del PMAQ-AB fueron capaces de discriminar tres de los cuatro atributos esenciales de la atención primaria a la salud en la rutina de los servicios. Se sugiere profundizar en la evaluación de la longitudinalidad. Además, las ESB participantes del ciclo I del PMAQ-AB necesitan avanzar en acciones relacionadas con la integralidad y coordinación del cuidado.