RESUMO: Neste estudo validamos um coletor solar para desinfestar solo com Meloidogyne enterolobii para a produção de mudas de tomateiro em condições semiáridas. Um experimento no delineamento em blocos casualizados foi conduzido com seis tempos de exposição de solo peneirado em um coletor solar de tubos de zinco. Estes consistiram de 0 (controle), 6, 12, 24, 30 e 36h de exposição, com cinco repetições cada. Após 12h de exposição do solo ao calor no coletor solar, nenhuma galha foi observada em raízes de tomateiro, assim como ovos ou juvenis de segundo estágio de M. enterolobii não foram observados no solo. Dessa maneira, o uso do coletor solar foi eficiente na desinfecção de solo infestado por M. enterolobii visando a produção de mudas de tomateiro em condições semiáridas.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we validated a solar collector for disinfest soil infested by Meloidogyne enterolobii for tomato seedlings production in semiarid conditions. An experiment using a randomized block design was conducted with six exposure times of the sieved substrate in the solar collector of zinc tubes. The treatments consisted of 0 (control), 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 hours of exposure, with five replicates. After 12 hours of soil exposure in the solar collector, no galls were observed in the tomato roots, neither were eggs and second stage juveniles of M. enterolobii were observed in the soil. Based in the results obtained in this study, the solar collector was efficient in the disinfest of soil infested by M. enterolobii aiming production of tomato seedlings in semiarid conditions.

Ambuic acid (AA) is a highly-modified cyclohexenone and known as a promising inhibitor of quorum sensing in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and is thus a candidate as an antivirulence drug. This molecule is mainly produced by the species of Pestalotiopsis and, since its discovery twenty years ago, only a restricted amount of AA-derivatives have been described. Despite being a promising subject, methods for the analysis of modified AA-analogues via mass spectrometry remain unexplored. In order to adress this question, the marine fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. 4A11 associated with the ascidian Didemnum perlucidum was grown in a solid rice medium and its crude extract was chemically studied. From this extract, AA and 10-hydroxy ambuic acid (10-HAA) were isolated and identified using NMR spectroscopy with the aim of obtaining model compounds for the MS analysis. These served as reference compounds (seeds) to guide the dereplication of other AA-analogues via LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking. Based on the manual interpretation of the fragmentation pathways of the seeds and related compounds observed in the networks, six AA-derivatives were dereplicated in the extract. Furthermore, three analogues with unprecedented chemical formulas were proposed as putative unprecedented AA-derivatives. The fragmentation annotation proposed represents a fast and feasible method for characterizing AA-derivatives.

Abstract The influence of environmental variables on planktonic biodiversity is widely known. However, the absence of information about the cyanobacterial community in tropical estuarine regions motivated this work, whose objective was to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of cyanobacterial density related to physicochemical factors in a Brazilian Amazonian estuary. For the qualitative and quantitative study of cyanobacteria and physicochemical variables, samples were collected in April/July/2009 and April/August/2010. We identified 31 species of the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. Species of the genera Aphanocapsa, Dolichospermum, Komvophoron, Microcystis, Pseudanabaena and Merismopedia were frequent and abundant throughout the study period. Some of the found genera have already been described as potential toxin producers. The dynamics of cyanobacteria were temporal, the highest densities occurred in 2010 (average= 1080.86 ± 702.86 cells.mL-1) mainly influenced by the high values of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, ammonium nitrogen which led cyanobacteria to present different responses in terms of richness, density and diversity between the years.

Abstract Wickerhamomyces anomalus LBCM1105 is a yeast isolated from cachaça distillery fermentation vats, notable for exceptional glycerol consumption ability. We report its draft genome with 20.5x in-depth coverage and around 90% extension and completeness. It harbors the sequences of proteins involved in glycerol transport and metabolism.

Natural dyes can be used in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to generate low-cost devices, although with low light harvesting because of energy losses from the recombination process. This study investigates recombination reactions in DSSCs with natural dyes extracted from eggplants, plums, and hibiscus flowers. Titanium dioxide films were coated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass conductor substrate by the doctor blading method and impregnated in a dye solution for 24 h. Electrodeposited platinum was used as the cathode, and I3–/I– as the redox couple. The techniques employed were: intensity modulated photovoltage spectroscopy, intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, charge extraction, and cyclic voltammetry. The results show that cells containing plum dye exhibited the best photovoltaic parameters, with high values of gap, charge extraction, and potential, being less resistive to charge transfer with an electron lifetime of 0.51 s, collection time of 8.54 ms, and charge efficiency collection of 0.99.

ABSTRACT Interpretation of sea-level indicators is essential when studying paleo sea-level fluctuations during the Holocene. Sea-level indicators may have different origins, such as geological (beachrocks) and biological (vermetids and barnacles). In order to reconstruct paleo sea-level, it is necessary to attribute an indicative meaning to each sea-level indicator. This paper aims to discuss issues raised by Angulo et al. (2016) regarding to the sea-level fluctuations curve proposed by Castro et al. (2014) to the Rio de Janeiro State coast, Brazilian southeast. The key issue that deserves posing is that local or regional curves cannot be built based on large scale (global) RSL geophysical models even in places of steady crust like Brazil. Here, we put into question the relative sea-level fluctuation curve model proposed by Angulo et al. (2006, 2016) to the coast of Rio de Janeiro State and Pernambuco State. It is strengthened the proposal of using different origins indicators on RSL vertical variation, georeferenced by high precision altitude GPS, adjusted by Brazilian Geodetic System benchmarks, maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE. All issues regarding the curve drawn by Castro et al. (2014) are answered based on field data, laboratory analytical techniques, radiocarbon dating as well as relevant literature.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as variações do nível relativo do mar e a evolução costeira durante o Holoceno no litoral do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com base em indicadores geológicos e biológicos. Realizou-se levantamento altimétrico, execução de sondagens e datações ao 14C na planície costeira e em afloramentos de rochas de praia. A partir dos dados obtidos, construiu-se uma curva do nível relativo do mar para o Holoceno. Pela primeira vez na costa brasileira foi identificado um recorde negativo do nível relativo do mar, envolvendo a transição final do Pleistoceno e início do Holoceno. Após a transição, iniciou-se um processo relativamente rápido de subida do nível do mar. Há aproximadamente 8.500 anos cal A.P., o nível marinho, encontrava-se a - 0.5 m abaixo do nível atual. O “zero” (nível médio atual) foi ultrapassado pela primeira vez no Holoceno há cerca de 7.500 anos A.P. Entre 5.500 - 4.500 cal anos A.P, o nível relativo do mar atingiu o primeiro máximo holocênico com altura máxima de +2.50 m acima do atual. A descida do nível relativo do mar subseqüente ao máximo transgressivo, levou à construção de terraços marinhos, resultando na progradação da linha de costa até o presente. A maioria dos resultados corroboram dados já obtidos em outros segmentos da costa atlântica da América do Sul. Resultados aqui apresentados são consistentes com pesquisas anteriores e ajudam refinar o registro do nível relativo do mar Holoceno na costa brasileira.

The present paper aims to investigate the relative sea-level and the coastal evolution during the Holocene in the Rio de Janeiro coastline, based on geological and biological indicators. Using topographic survey, excavation and coring, and 14C dating of these coastal deposits and beachrocks outcrops, we have reconstructed a sea-level curve for the Holocene. For the first time on the Brazilian coast it was identified a negative record of relative sea-level during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene transition. After the transition, a relatively rapid increase of sea-level began. At approximately at 8500 cal yr BP, the sea-level was 0.5 m below the current level, was overtaken for the first time in the Holocene, at approximately 7500 cal yr BP. The maximum level of +2.5 m was reached between 4770 and 4490 cal yr BP. At the point of maximum transgression, the sea-level began a general behavior of lowering until the present. These results confirm other data already obtained elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of South America. The results of this study are consistent with previous researches and they help to refine the Holocene sea-level record along the Brazilian coast.

Background: Occupational Tuberculosis (TB) can lead to work absenteeism and a negative professional impact. Knowing the reactivity of the tuberculin test and the risk of M. tuberculosis infection among healthcare professionals is essential for the revision and reinforcement of control measures against TB transmission. Aim: To assess the reactivity of tuberculin test and risk of M. tuberculosis infection among healthcare professionals working in an upright building, in which a TB Reference Clinic is placed. Subjects and Methods: A tuberculosis Skin Test (TST) was done to 251 staff members of a TB clinic that did not have a previous history or suspicion of TB and that did not have a previous TST done. Among subjects with absence of reaction, repeated tests were carried out to assess booster reaction. Results: Fifty one percent of studied subjects (129) had a positive tuberculin test. The booster phenomenon was evidenced in 35.7% (68/190). The seroconversion among non-reactive subjects, subjected to a new TST after one year, was 5.1%. The infection risk was 1.4. Conclusions: This study indicates an important occupational risk of infection in healthcare settings exposed to high TB incidence, and should be used to better allocate resources for infection control.

Antecedentes: La tuberculosis ocupacional causa ausentismo laboral. Conocer la reactividad tuberculínica de los trabajadores de la salud ayuda a mejorar las medidas de control para evitar la infección laboral con M. tuberculosis. Objetivo: Estudiar la reactividad tuberculínica de un grupo de trabajadores de la salud de un centro de referencia de tuberculosis que está ubicado en una edificación vertical. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una prueba de tuberculina a 251 empleados de una clínica de tuberculosis, que no tenían antecedentes o sospecha de tuberculosis y quienes no habían sido sometidos previamente a la prueba. Aquellos sujetos que no respondieron a tuberculina fueron sometidos a una nueva prueba para evaluar la reacción de refuerzo. Resultados: El 51% de los sujetos estudiados tuvieron una reacción tuber-culínica positiva. El fenómeno de refuerzo se observó en 69 de 190 sujetos (35,7%). La tasa de seroconversión en aquellos sujetos con una tuberculina negativa en que se repitió la prueba la cabo de un año, fue de 5,1%. Conclusiones: En este grupo de trabajadores de la salud expuestos a M. tuberculosis, hay una alta tasa de reactividad negativa a tuberculina.

As doenças causadas por protozoários afetam hoje em dia uma grande parcela da população mundial, provocando muitas mortes e exercendo grande influência na qualidade de vida e no desenvolvimento de muitos países. Essas doenças afetam principalmente países pobres e por isso, a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos são negligenciados. De fato, a maioria das drogas usadas no tratamento dessas doenças data de décadas passadas e apresentam muitas limitações, incluindo o aparecimento da resistência às drogas. Este artigo tem como foco os mais recentes desenvolvimentos publicados no campo de patentes, entre 2001-2008, com especial atenção a promissores compostos atuando contra tripanossomíase, leishmaniose, malária, toxoplasmose, amebíase, giardíase, balantidíase e pneumocistose.

Protozoan infections are parasitic diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, but have been largely neglected for drug development because they affect poor people in poor regions of the world. Most of the current drugs used to treat these diseases are decades old and have many limitations, including the emergence of drug resistance. This review will focus on the most recent developments, from 2001 to 2008, published in the field of patents and publications, paying particular attention to promising compounds acting against trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, balantidiasis and pneumocystosis, their chemistry and biological evaluation, and to new chemical and pharmaceutical processes.

Carnes processadas refrigeradas são produtos de alto valor agregado, tradicionalmente acondicionados a vácuo em embalagens plásticas, que minimizam o contato do produto com o oxigênio do ar e, consequentemente, prolongam sua vida útil. Neste trabalho mapearam-se os materiais utilizados no mercado nacional para embalagens termoformadas de lingüiças, salsichas e frios fatiados e para embalagens tipo cook in de presuntos e apresuntados. Basicamente são utilizadas estruturas coextrusadas ou uma combinação de coextrusão com laminação (tampas). Poliamidas, EVOH e PET-PVDC são os materiais utilizados para conferir às embalagens barreira ao oxigênio. A TPO2 dos filmes fundo para termoformação variou entre 5 e 30cm³ (CNTP)/m²/dia, com valores mais baixos para os frios fatiados. A TPO2 das tampas foi da ordem de 10 cm³(CNTP)/m²/dia, todos a 23 °C e a úmido. A resistência à perfuração ficou em torno de 25N (tampa) e 35N (fundo - linguiças/salsichas). Nos filmes fundo para frios fatiados houve grande variação na resistência à perfuração, em decorrência da ampla gama de espessuras disponíveis. Embalagens de mercado foram avaliadas quanto a integridade das selagens e distribuição de espessura do filme termoformado. Não foram detectados problemas de fechamento. A redução na espessura total do filme fundo, no canto de bandejas (região crítica) para salsichas e lingüiças, que têm maior profundidade de termoformação, variou entre 42 e 65%, o que leva a uma significativa perda de barreira a gases da estrutura e justifica o emprego de EVOH, um polímero de alta barreira a gases, a fim de não comprometer a vida útil do produto.

Refrigerated processed meats are high added-value products traditionally vacuum-packed in plastic packages to minimize contact of the product with oxygen and, consequently, prolong their shelf life. This study aimed at elaborating a comprehensive and detailed overview of the packaging materials used on the Brazilian market to manufacture thermoformed packages for sausages, hot dogs and sliced processed meat, in addition to cook in-type packages for hams and restructured ham products. Basically, the materials most used are coextruded films or a combination of coextruded and laminated (top film) structures. Polyamides, EVOH and PET-PVDC are used to provide an oxygen barrier. The oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) of bottom films for thermoformed packages varied between 5 and 30 cm³ (STP)/m²/day, with lower values for the films used in the package of sliced processed meat. The O2TR of top films were of the order of 10 cm³(STP)/m²/day, determined at 23 °C under wet conditions. Perforation resistance was about 25N (top films) and 35N (bottom films-sausages/hot dogs). The bottom films for sliced processed meat varied considerably in terms of puncture resistance due to the wide range of thickness available. A series of packages currently in use on the Brazilian market were evaluated for seal integrity and thickness distribution of the thermoformed film. No sealing problems were detected. The reduction of total film thickness at the corner of flexible trays (critical area) for sausages and hot dogs, whose depth is larger than for sliced processed meat packages, varied between 42 and 65%. The reduced thickness at the corners significantly affects the gas barrier properties of the package and justifies the use of EVOH which does not cause the shelf life to decrease.