RESUMO A potência muscular, determinante nas lutas de judô, pode ser desenvolvida por exercícios de força de alta intensidade através de um mecanismo conhecido como potenciação pós-ativação. Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é verificar o efeito do agachamento em isometria no desempenho de judocas. A amostra foi composta por oito judocas (22,3 ± 3,5 anos; 166,0 ± 6,0 cm; 65,4 ± 7,0 kg). Foi realizado quatro dias de testes, uma para sessão de familiarização, uma para a situação controle e duas para sessões experimentais. Nas sessões experimentais foi testado o efeito do exercício de agachamento guiado em contração voluntária isométrica máxima (CVIM) no desempenho do Special Judo Fitness test (SJFT) e do salto vertical com contra movimento (SCM). Na sessão controle foi realizado apenas o SJFT. O teste T Student pareado foi utilizado para comparar o desempenho entre as diferentes situações. Após a execução da CVIM foi observado um aumento significativo no número de arremessos no teste SJFT (25,5±2,2 vs. 26,8±2,2 projeções) e na altura do SCM (31,0 ± 2,2 vs. 33,3±2,2 cm). O protocolo de exercício CVIM realizado como atividade preparatória aumentou o desempenho de atletas de judô em teste específicos do Judô / SJFT e de SCM.

ABSTRACT Muscular power, a determinant in judo fights, can be developed by high intensity strength exercises through a mechanism known as post-activation potentiation. Thus, the objective of the present study is to verify the effect of isometric squat exercise on the performance of judo athletes. The sample was made up of eight judo athletes (22.3 ± 3.5 years old, 166.0 ± 6.0 cm; 65.4 ± 7.0 kg). The subjects went through four days of tests, one familiarization session, another as a control situation and two others as experimental sessions. In the experimental sessions, exercises in a Smith squat machine prior to the vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) test and a Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). In the control session, only SJFT was performed. Student's t test for paired samples was used to compare performances in the different situations. A significant increase was observed in the number of projections in the SJFT (25.5 ± 2.2 vs. 26.8 ± 2.2 projections) after MVIC and in the height in CMJ (31.0 ± 2.2 vs. 33.3 ± 2.2 cm). The MVIC exercise protocol performed as a preparatory activity increased the performance of judo athletes in judo-specific tests/SJFT and CMJ.

Soils from tropical regions have high adsorption of phosphorus, which is hardly available to plants, so limiting crop production. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of acidulated phosphate and ground rock phosphate sources associated with filter cake, enriched or not with biofertilizer, on the population of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and P concentration in the soil. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions at “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez” University of Cienfuegos, Cuba. Experimental units were pots of 0,5 dm³ containing Luvisol. A completely randomized design with 3x2+1 factorial arrangement and three repetitions was used; also, three phosphorus sources: triple superphosphate, mono-ammonium phosphate and natural phosphate of Cuba; filter cake enriched or not with Azotofos biofertilizer and a control treatment (just soil). The amount of P solubilizing microorganisms, soil P levels, organic matter and soil pH value were assessed at 30 and 60 days after applying treatments. The biofertilizer added to filter cake did not have any effect on P levels and soil organic matter. Phosphorus applied as natural phosphate increased the population of microorganisms and soil P level in presence of filter cake, enriched or not with biofertilizer, in relation to acidulated phosphate sources

Los suelos de regiones tropicales presentan una elevada adsorción del fósforo, el cual se encuentra poco disponible para las plantas y limita la producción de los cultivos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de las fuentes de fosfato acidulado y fosfato natural asociadas a la cachaza, no enriquecida y enriquecida con biofertilizante, sobre la población de microorganismos solubilizadores de fosfatos y los tenores de P en el suelo. El experimento se realizó en condiciones controladas a nivel de laboratorio en la Universidad “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez” de Cienfuegos, Cuba. Las unidades experimentales fueron macetas de 0,5 dm³ conteniendo suelo Ferralítico Calcítico. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial 3x2+1 y tres repeticiones; tres fuentes de fósforo: superfosfato triple, fosfato monoamónico y fosfato natural de Cuba; cachaza no enriquecida y enriquecida con el biofertilizante Azotofos y un tratamiento control (solo suelo). A los 30 y 60 días después de la aplicación de los tratamientos, se evaluaron la cantidad de microorganismos solubilizadores de P, los niveles de P, la materia orgánica y el pH del suelo. La adición de biofertilizante a la cachaza no tuvo ningún efecto en los niveles de P y la materia orgánica del suelo. La aplicación de fósforo en forma de fosfato natural en presencia de cachaza no enriquecida y enriquecida con biofertilizante proporcionó una mayor población de microorganismos e incrementó el nivel de P en el suelo, en relación con las fuentes de fosfato acidulado

RESUMOEste artigo visa discutir elementos filosóficos presentes na obra de José Barbosa de Sá (?-1776). Buscamos analisar o sistema de classificação botânica do autor, observando a relação com a construção de analogias e similitudes, avaliando em que medida tais ideias se coadunavam com concepções religiosas. Procuramos ainda discutir o conhecido debate sobre a reprodução vegetal no século XVIII, analisando concepções não acadêmicas.

ABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss philosophical elements of the work of José Barbosa de Sá (?-1776). We seek to analyze the author's system of botanical classification, observing the relation with the construction of analogies and likenesses, evaluating to what extent these ideas were consistent with religious conceptions. We also attempt to examine the well known eighteenth-century known debate about the vegetable reproduction and to analyse non-academic conceptions of it.

Por meio da análise de obras acadêmicas produzidas por filósofos naturais no século XVIII, pretendemos discutir algumas ideias recorrentes acerca da Grande Cadeia do Ser. Para tal, analisamos as relações entre filosofia e teologia natural no período. Reavaliamos ainda alguns elementos da Cadeia do Ser, investigando autores que discorreram sobre o tema em seus escritos. Por fim, elencamos um ponto específico das discussões setecentistas sobre a scala naturae, qual seja, as diversas e nem sempre convergentes ideias de que, a partir de características específicas, haveria diferenças entre os homens, bem como seu consequente lugar na Cadeia do Ser.

This examination of academic works produced by eighteenth-century natural philosophers discusses some recurring ideas about the Chain of Being. To this end, the article analyzes the relations between natural philosophy and theology during the period. It also re-evaluates some elements of the Chain of Being through an exploration of authors who addressed the topic in their writings. Lastly, it identifies a specific element within eighteenth-century discussions of scala naturae, to wit, the various and not always convergent ideas about whether there are differences between humans based on specific characteristics and, consequently, about the places they occupy in the chain of being.

Foi em plena zona mineira do Mato Grosso setecentista que o advogado licenciado José Barbosa de Sá afirmou que o ouro não era o minério mais importante para a economia colonial. Sua obra Dialogos Geograficos (1769) constitui uma das maiores cosmologias já escritas na América Portuguesa. No referente às descrições e relatos mineralógicos concebidos por este homem de Colônia, pretendemos analisar os preceitos filosófico-naturais, técnicos e tecnológicos que nortearam as teorias e critérios empregados na mineração colonial, bem como a atividade letrada colonial frente o estudo e exploração do mundo natural americano. Analisaremos também em que medida a obra pode contribuir à discussão da produção intelectual colonial acerca de uma atividade que não envolvia somente a prospecção e mineração de metais preciosos.

In the middle of the eighteenth century, in the mining area of Mato Grosso, the licensed attorney José Barbosa de Sá affirmed that gold ore was not the most important to the colonial economy. His work Dialogos Geograficos (1769) is one of the largest cosmologies ever written in Portuguese America. With regard to the descriptions and mineralogical reports conceived by this man from the colony, we intend analyze the natural philosophical, technical and technological precepts who guided theories and criteria employed in colonial mining, as well as the literate colonial activity forefront the study and exploration of the natural world of America. We also analyze the extent to the work can contribute to the discussion of colonial intellectual production about an activity that involved not only the exploration and mining of precious metals.

A single strain of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii, characterised by a particular rpoB sequevar and two highly related pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns has been responsible for a nationwide outbreak of surgical infections in Brazil since 2004. In this study, we developed molecular tests based on polymerase chain reaction restriction-enzyme analysis (PRA) and sequencing for the rapid identification of this strain. Sequences of 15 DNA regions conserved in mycobacteria were retrieved from GenBank or sequenced and analysed in silico. Single nucleotide polymorphisms specific to the epidemic strain and located in enzyme recognition sites were detected in rpoB, the 3' region of the 16S rDNA and gyrB. The three tests that were developed, i.e., PRA-rpoB, PRA-16S and gyrB sequence analysis, showed 100%, 100% and 92.31% sensitivity and 93.06%, 90.28% and 100% specificity, respectively, for the discrimination of the surgical strain from other M. abscessus subsp. bolletii isolates, including 116 isolates from 95 patients, one environmental isolate and two type strains. The results of the three tests were stable, as shown by results obtained for different isolates from the same patient. In conclusion, due to the clinical and epidemiological importance of this strain, these tests could be implemented in reference laboratories for the rapid preliminary diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of this epidemic strain.