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Hospitalization and mortality during the pandemic in chronic hemodialysis patients and the general population in Peru
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Herrera-Añazco, Percy

; Segura, Moisés Apolaya

; Bravo-Zúñiga, Jessica

; Vásquez, Juan Lluncor

; Taype-Rondán, Alvaro

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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dec 2023, Volume 45 N. 4 Pages 440 - 448

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 than the general population. Objective: To compare hospitalization and mortality rates during the pandemic among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and the general population in Lima (Peru). Methods: This retrospective cohort included an assessment of the database of chronic HD patients of the health service providers of the social health insurance benefit networks of Lima and Callao between 2019 and 2021. Hospitalization and mortality rates were obtained for every 1,000 individuals, and variations in the percentages of COVID-19 cases and deaths were calculated. These rates were compared with those of the general population data and standardized by age and sex. Results: An average of 3,937 chronic HD patients were evaluated each month. Of these, 4.8% had COVID-19 and 64.97% were mild cases. The hospitalization rates per 1,000 patients were 19.5, 29.28, and 36.7 in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The mortality rates per 1,000 patients were 5.9, 9.74, and 11.49 in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. When compared to the standardized general population, the peaks of both rates coincided with the plateaus of the waves during the pandemic. The hospitalization rate for COVID-19 was 12 times higher in HD patients than in the general population, and the mortality rate for COVID-19 was twice as high. Conclusion: HD patients had higher hospitalization and standardized mortality rates than the general population. Peaks in hospitalizations and mortality coincided with the plateaus of the first and second waves of the pandemic.

Resumo Histórico: Pacientes com DRC apresentam maior risco de doença grave e mortalidade por COVID-19 do que a população geral. Objetivo: Comparar taxas de hospitalização e mortalidade durante a pandemia entre pacientes em hemodiálise crônica (HD) e a população geral em Lima (Peru). Métodos: Esta coorte retrospectiva incluiu avaliação do banco de dados de pacientes em HD crônica dos prestadores de serviços de saúde das redes de benefícios do seguro social de saúde de Lima e Callao, entre 2019–2021. Obteve-se taxas de hospitalização e mortalidade para cada 1.000 indivíduos, e foram calculadas variações nas porcentagens de casos de COVID-19 e óbitos. Estas taxas foram comparadas com os dados da população geral e padronizadas por idade e sexo. Resultados: Uma média de 3.937 pacientes em HD crônica foram avaliados mensalmente. Destes, 4,8% tinham COVID-19, 64,97% eram casos leves. As taxas de hospitalização por 1.000 pacientes foram 19,5; 29,28; e 36,7 em 2019, 2020, e 2021, respectivamente. As taxas de mortalidade por 1.000 pacientes foram 5,9; 9,74 e 11,49 em 2019, 2020, e 2021, respectivamente. Quando comparados à população geral padronizada, os picos das taxas coincidiram com os platôs das ondas da pandemia. A taxa de hospitalização para COVID-19 foi 12 vezes maior em pacientes em HD do que na população geral e a taxa de mortalidade por COVID-19 foi duas vezes maior. Conclusão: Pacientes em HD apresentaram taxas de hospitalização e mortalidade padronizada mais elevadas do que a população geral. Os picos das hospitalizações e mortalidade coincidiram com os platôs da primeira e segunda ondas da pandemia.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0149en

Causal analysis of escapement of farmed salmonids in southern Chile
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Bravo, Sandra

; Whelan, Ken

; Diaz, Yonatan

; Silva, María T.

Latin american journal of aquatic research

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jul 2023, Volume 51 N. 3 Pages 363 - 378

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Escaped salmonids are considered among the most serious threats to the aquatic environment. One hundred and nine escape incidents were reported in Chile from 2004-2021, representing some 8.53 million escaped salmonids. Of this total, 5.73 million were Atlantic salmon Salmo salar (67.2%), 0.83 million coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (9.8%), and 1.96 million were rainbow trout O. mykiss (23.0%). It is estimated that 70.1% of the escaped salmonids were recorded in the Los Lagos Region, 23% in the Aysén Region, and 4.6% in the Magallanes Region. In total, 80.5% of the escapes were recorded from seawater facilities, while freshwater units accounted for 19.5%. The highest percentage of escaped salmon recorded in seawater over 2004-2021 was 1.71% of harvested salmonids in 2013. Some 39.5% of the escapes in 2015-2021 were attributed to rupturing of net cages, mainly due to adverse climatic conditions. The additional regulations introduced in 2020 by the Chilean authority, has helped to minimize the escape of farmed salmonids. As a consequence, just one escape event was reported in 2021, corresponding to 3.85% of the total number of escapees recorded from 2004-2021.

https://doi.org/10.3856/vol51-issue3-fulltext-3005

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad extensa
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A.

; Díaz-García, Diego A.

; Corona-Cruz, José F.

; Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J.

; Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto

; Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E.

; Blake-Cerda, Mónika

; Rivera-Márquez, Raúl

; López-Saucedo, Raúl A.

; Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I.

; Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M.

; Alatorre-Alexander, Jorge A.

; Alexander-Meza, Francisco

; Barrón-Barrón, Feliciano

; Blanco-Vázquez, Yazmín C.

; Campos-Gómez, Saúl

; Mata-Moya, Dolores de la

; Figueroa-Martínez, Pedro

; González-Cisneros, Paulina E.

; Íñiguez-García, Marco A.

; Lázaro-León, Jesús M.

; Loyola-García, Ulises

; Morales-Rivera, Marcelino

; Olivares-Torres, Carlos

; Ramos-Ramírez, Maritza

; Sáenz-Frías, Julia A.

; Silva-Bravo, Fernando

; Trejo-Rosales, Rogelio

; Souto-del Bosque, Miguel

; Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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jun 2023, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 55 - 73

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP enfermedad extensa en México basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad extensa, producto de preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas antes de incorporarla al cuerpo de la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad extensa del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica para estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by its rapid growth rate and the rapid development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of extensive disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: A consensus was reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, of extensive disease recommendations resulting from work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the Guide. Conclusions: This Clinical Practice Guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of extensive disease of SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000122

Estimulación ovárica en síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
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Salinas-Jiménez, Gloria J.

; Alonso-de Mendieta, Maitane

; Cervantes-Bravo, Enrique

; Rodríguez-Purata, Jorge

Perinatología y reproducción humana

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jun 2023, Volume 37 N. 2 Pages 80 - 83

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (SMRKH) es una anomalía del tracto genital femenino caracterizada por ausencia congénita del útero y porción superior de la vagina. Ocurre en uno de cada 4,500 nacimientos y se diagnostica normalmente durante la adolescencia al presentarse amenorrea primaria. Su función ovárica está preservada, pero la información actual respecto al potencial reproductivo de estas pacientes es limitada. Se presenta el caso de una mujer con diagnóstico de SMRKH sometida a estimulación ovárica para transferencia de embriones a útero subrogado y se discute su potencial reproductivo: técnicas de reproducción asistida, intervenciones e impacto psicológico.

Abstract Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a congenital anomaly of the female genital tract characterized by congenital absence of the uterus and upper part of the vagina. It occurs in 4,500 female births and diagnosis is usually made during adolescence when primary amenorrhea presents. They have functioning ovaries but data regarding their reproductive potential is limited. We hereby report the case of a woman diagnosed with MRKH syndrome in whom assisted reproductive techniques were used to try to achieve pregnancy by gestational surrogacy and their reproductive potential is discussed: assisted reproductive techniques, procedures, and psychological impact.

https://doi.org/10.24875/per.23000007

Guía de práctica clínica para el manejo del cáncer de pulmón de células pequeñas: enfermedad limitada
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Cabrera-Miranda, Luis A.

; Lozano-Ruiz, Francisco J.

; Blake-Cerda, Mónika

; Corona-Cruz, José F.

; Sánchez-Reyes, Roberto

; Pérez-Álvarez, Sandra I.

; Díaz-García, Diego A.

; Álvarez-Bojórquez, Mario E.

; Rivera-Márquez, Raúl

; López-Saucedo, Raúl A.

; Bolaño-Guerra, Laura M.

; Maldonado-Magos, Federico

; Aldaco-Sarvide, Fernando

; Alvarado-Zermeño, Adriana

; Barajas-Figueroa, Luis J.

; Bautista-Aragón, Yolanda

; Bolaños-Morales, Francina V.

; Castillo-Ortega, Graciano

; Félix-Leyva, Jesús A.

; Gerson-Cwilich, Raquel

; Guzmán-de Alba, Enrique

; López-Galindo, Ángel A.

; Mariscal-Ramírez, Carlos

; Piñeiro-Retif, Rafael

; Ramos-Prudencio, Rubí

; Rodríguez-Cid, Jerónimo

; Silva-Bravo, Fernando

; Arrieta, Óscar

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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mar 2023, Volume 22 N. 1 Pages 3 - 23

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de células pequeñas (CPCP) representa el 13-15% del total de neoplasias primarias de pulmón. Se caracteriza por su rapidez en la tasa de crecimiento y en el desarrollo de metástasis a distancia. Objetivos: Orientar y estandarizar el tratamiento del CPCP, enfermedad limitada, en México, basado en evidencia clínica nacional e internacional. Material y métodos: Este documento se desarrolló como una colaboración entre el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología y la Sociedad Mexicana de Oncología en cumplimiento con estándares internacionales. Se integró un grupo conformado por oncólogos médicos, cirujanos oncólogos, cirujanos de tórax, radio-oncólogos y metodólogos con experiencia en revisiones sistemáticas de la literatura y guías de práctica clínica. Resultados: Se consensuaron, por el método Delphi y en reuniones a distancia, las recomendaciones en CPCP enfermedad limitada, producto de las preguntas de trabajo. Se identificó y evaluó críticamente la evidencia científica que responde a cada una de dichas preguntas clínicas, antes de incorporarla a la guía. Conclusión: Esta guía proporciona recomendaciones clínicas para el manejo de la enfermedad limitada del CPCP y durante el proceso de toma de decisiones de los clínicos involucrados con su manejo en nuestro país para mejorar la calidad de la atención clínica en estos pacientes.

Abstract Background: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents 13-15% of all primary lung neoplasms and is characterized by rapid growth rate and development of distant metastases. Objectives: To guide and standardize the treatment of limited disease small cell lung cancer in Mexico based on national and international clinical evidence. Material and methods: This document was developed as a collaboration between the National Cancer Institute and the Mexican Society of Oncology in compliance with international standards. An interdisciplinary group was formed, including medical oncologists, oncological surgeons, thoracic surgeons, radiation oncologists, and methodologists with experience in systematic reviews of the literature and clinical practice guidelines. Results: Consensus recommendations were reached, both by the Delphi method and in remote meetings, for limited SCLC disease resulting from the same number of work questions. The scientific evidence that answers each of these clinical questions was identified and critically evaluated, before being incorporated into the body of evidence of the guide. Conclusion: This guide provides clinical recommendations for the management of limited disease SCLC to contribute to the decision-making process of the clinicians involved with its management in our country, hoping that this will contribute to improving the quality of clinical care in these patients.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.22000121

Heterogeneidad clínica y molecular en los trastornos asociados con CDKL5
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Vázquez-Montante, José J.

; Márquez-Rojo, Paola

; Saavedra-Milán, Berenice

; Hernández-Medrano, Cristina

; Bravo-Oro, Antonio

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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2023, Volume 80 Suppl. 1 Pages 47 - 52

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome por deficiencia de CDKL5 es originado por variantes patogénicas en el gen CDKL5, con un espectro clínico variable que va desde pacientes con características del trastorno del espectro autista hasta epilepsia de inicio temprano y refractaria al tratamiento. Inicialmente fue considerado como una forma atípica de síndrome de Rett. Casos clínicos: Presentamos tres pacientes no relacionadas, evaluadas por retraso global del desarrollo y epilepsia refractaria. Los tres casos eran hemicigotos a una variante patógena de CDKL5. En una paciente se realizó panel de 306 genes asociados con epilepsia; en las otras dos se realizó microarreglo genómico comparativo. Las características clínicas y los hallazgos en el electroencefalograma y la resonancia magnética cerebral se han descrito clásicamente en el espectro de manifestaciones de este síndrome. Conclusiones: El síndrome por deficiencia de CDKL5 representa un reto para los médicos, ya que en muchos casos las manifestaciones clínicas y los estudios electroencefalográficos y de neuroimagen pueden ser inespecíficos. Debe sospecharse este síndrome ante la presencia de retraso global del desarrollo, fenotipo conductual autista y epilepsia, asociado o no con dismorfias. Dada la similitud entre diversas encefalopatías epilépticas, se deben solicitar paneles multigénicos que incluyan la secuenciación y el análisis de duplicación/deleción en los que se contemple este gen y sus posibles diagnósticos diferenciales, aunque sin olvidar la utilidad de las técnicas genómicas en casos poco claros.

Abstract Background: CDKL5 deficiency syndrome is caused by pathogenic variants in the CDKL5 gene, with a variable clinical spectrum ranging from patients with characteristics of autism spectrum disorder to early-onset epilepsy refractory to treatment. Initially, until the gene was discovered, it was considered an atypical form of Rett syndrome. This study aimed to describe the clinical and molecular heterogeneity in CDLK5 disorders among three female patients with CDKL5 pathogenic variants. Case reports: We reported three unrelated Mexican female patients evaluated for global developmental delay and epilepsy. All three cases were hemizygotes to a CDKL5 pathogenic variant. In one patient, we performed a 306 gene panel associated with epilepsy. In the other two cases, a human genomic microarray was performed. We describe their clinical features electroencephalogram and brain magnetic resonance evaluations. Conclusions: CDKL5 deficiency syndrome represents a challenge for clinicians since the clinical manifestations, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging studies can be non-specific. This syndrome should be suspected in the presence of global developmental delay, autistic behavioral phenotype and epilepsy, associated or not with dysmorphia. Given the similarity between various epileptic encephalopathies, multigene panels including sequencing and duplication/deletion analysis should be requested in which this gene and its possible differential diagnoses are considered, without forgetting the usefulness of genomic techniques in unclear cases.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.22000100

Marcadores hematológicos predictores de preeclampsia con datos de severidad
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González-Azpeitia, Diego I.

; Castaldi-Bermúdez, Luis A.

; Bravo-Santibáñez, Edgar

; Acuña-González, Ricardo J.

Perinatología y reproducción humana

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dec 2022, Volume 36 N. 2 Pages 33 - 39

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Erythrocyte distribution width (RDW), neutrophil lymphocyte index (NLI) and mean platelet volume (MPV) have been documented as prognostic factors in multiple pathologies, however their predictive capacity in the presence of severity data in patients with preeclampsia is still unclear. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of hematological markers as predictors of preeclampsia with severity data. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study was performed in pregnant patients with a diagnosis of preeclampsia, INL, RDW and MPV at admission were calculated, and a ROC curve analysis was performed to establish the prognostic performance with preeclampsia with severity data. Results: 120 patients were analyzed, there were no differences in INL and RDW between groups; MPV (AUC 0.629, sensitivity 78%, specificity 50%) and AST (AUC 0.655 sensitivity 50% and specificity 83%) had the best prognostic ability, also MVP was an independent factor associated with the presence of severity data (MR 2.584, 95% CI 1.17-5.66). Conclusions: MPV is a possible predictor, and is associated with the presence of severity data in patients with preeclampsia.

Resumen Antecedentes: El ancho de distribución eritrocitaria (RDW, por sus siglas en inglés), el índice neutrófilo/linfocito (INL) y el volumen plaquetario medio (VPM) han sido documentados como factores pronósticos en múltiples patologías; sin embargo aun no es clara su capacidad predictora en presencia de datos de severidad en pacientes con preeclampsia. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de marcadores hematológicos como predictores de preeclampsia con datos de severidad. Material y métodos: Se Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y retrospectivo en pacientes embarazadas con diagnóstico de preeclampsia. Se calculó INL, RDW, VPM al ingreso y se realizó un análisis de curva ROC para establecer el rendimiento pronóstico con la preeclampsia con datos de severidad. Resultados: Se analizaron 120 pacientes, no hubo diferencias en el INL y en el RDW entre los grupos; el VPM (área bajo la curva [AUC]: 0.629, sensibilidad: 78%, especificidad: 50%) y la AST (AUC: 0.655, sensibilidad: 50%, especificidad: 83%) tuvieron la mejor capacidad pronóstica, además la VPM fue un factor asociado independiente con la presencia de datos de severidad (razón de momios: 2.584; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1.17-5.66). Conclusiones: El VPM es un posible predictor y se asocia con la presencia de datos de severidad en pacientes con preeclampsia.

https://doi.org/10.24875/per.22000010

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Training Program in A Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: An 8-Year Single-Center Experience in Argentina
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Pilan, María Luisa

; Krynski, Mariela

; Moreno, Guillermo Eduardo

; Ponce, Gisela M.

; Rodríguez, Ricardo E.

; Domínguez, Estela R.

; Cornelis, Carlos Javier

; Montonati, Maria Mercedes

; Lenz, Ana Miriam

; Desocio, Maria Belen

; Bravo, Nélida N.

; Vassallo, Juan Carlos

; Santos, Silvia N.

; Rodríguez, Gabriela V.

; Cordisco, Barbara

; Althabe, Maria J.

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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oct 2022, Volume 37 N. 5 Pages 654 - 662

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for temporary cardiopulmonary support is one of the most intense and technologically complex therapies offered in medicine. It is a high-risk procedure that requires specific knowledge and technical skills to perform it with good results. Objective: The main goal of this study is to describe our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) training program based on the study of specialized nurses and physicians of a simulation teaching experience, conducted in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. The program was developed as a theoretical-practical course with final exam and annual maintenance training sessions, caring for ECMO patients, its implementation and results. Methods: A descriptive study for registered nurses, intensivists, and cardiac surgeons. A self-administered, anonymous, and voluntary survey was conducted to assess the long-term perception about the program. Demographic data to describe the population was required, and questions about satisfaction and confidence in acquired skills and competences were asked. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed; patient survival and complications were compared before and after ECMO program using chi-square test, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Twenty-four training courses were performed for 68 professionals. More than 88% of the professionals considered the course components to be adequate and complete; and 94% felt trained to manage the ECMO circuit. Most valued activities were workshops and clinical cases. Since the implementation of the training program, 88 patients were assisted, with a survival rate at discharge of 58%, higher than in the previous period (P=0.03). Conclusion: More than 80% of the professionals considered the workshops and simulations as the most useful components. Reliance on the circuit care was higher than in training problem scenarios. Since 2013 we assisted 88 patients on ECMO, with a survival rate at discharge of 58%, within international standards results.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2021-0560

Johan Ludvig Heiberg y su diagnóstico de la crisis de la época en la Edad de Oro de Dinamarca
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Bravo, Nassim

Tópicos (México)

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aug 2022, N. 63 Pages 131 - 154

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract. In this article, I explore Johan Ludvig Heiberg’s diagnosis of the crisis of his age, Golden Age Denmark, in his treatise On the Significance of Philosophy, published in 1833. Although in recent times there is a renewed interest in the intellectual scene of Golden Age Denmark, in part due to the current relevancy of a thinker such as Søren Kierkegaard, it is a fact that one of its most important figures, J. L. Heiberg, has been more or less ignored by contemporary scholars. Thus, in this article I try to shed light on his figure and thought, especially on his attempt to use Hegelian philosophy to solve the cultural crisis of his time.

Resumen. En este artículo examino el diagnóstico elaborado por Johan Ludvig Heiberg acerca de la crisis de su época, la llamada Edad de Oro de Dinamarca, en su obra de 1833 Sobre la importancia de la filosofía para la época presente. A pesar de que en los últimos tiempos se ha mostrado un mayor interés por el mundo intelectual de la Edad de Oro danesa, en gran parte debido a la vigencia de un pensador como Søren Kierkegaard, lo cierto es que se conoce poco o nada acerca de una de sus más importantes figuras, J. L. Heiberg. Con esto en mente, en el presente artículo intento arrojar luz sobre su figura y su pensamiento, especialmente su proyecto de utilizar la filosofía hegeliana para resolver la crisis cultural de su tiempo.

https://doi.org/10.21555/top.v63i0.1645 12 downloads

10.

Clinical identification and severity in patients with COVID-19
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Hernández, María L.

; Romero-Cabello, Raúl

; Hernández-Dávalos, Ulises

; Sevilla-Fuentes, Samuel

; Zavala-Pineda, Manuelita

; Martínez-Jiménez, Silvia N.

; Santos-González, Margarito T.

; Solís-Bravo, Miguel Á.

; Sierra-Garduño, Mario

; Moreno-Moreno, Joaquín

; Fonseca Mata, Juan J.

Revista médica del Hospital General de México

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mar 2022, Volume 85 N. 1 Pages 7 - 16

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The clinical evaluation of the patient with COVID-19 allows better care, application of safety criteria and preventive measures. The disease progresses from mild to severe and critical. In this work, is evaluated in patients with COVID-19 clinical format to identify moderate to severe stages of the disease. Following a cohort of male and female patients over 18 years of age admitted to the Infectology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico. Each patient is studied using the “COVID-19 Infectology” clinical format and in the first 24 hours of admission, a real-time RT-PCR molecular test is performed for SARS-CoV-2 infection. 65 patients classified as severe COVID-19 were studied, the RT-PCR was positive in 60 patients and negative in 5, clinical data did not differ from the positive ones and the 5 negative were considered false negative cases of the molecular test. There were no differences between positives and negatives with Fisher’s test, and no difference in age, comorbidities, or prognostic evaluation with Student’s t test. The conclusion is that the clinical format “COVID-19 Infectology” allows to recognize the cases and identify those that are in a severe evolution.

https://doi.org/10.24875/hgmx.21000048 11 downloads

11.

Incubación, pre-lisis y post-purificación en el rendimiento y pureza de ácidos nucleicos extraídos de sangre de cabras domésticas contenida en tarjetas FTA
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Sancho-Blanco, Carolina

; Jiménez-Alfaro, Esteban J.

; Molina-Bravo, Ramón

; Umaña-Castro, Rodolfo

Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias

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mar 2022, Volume 13 N. 1 Pages 311 - 322

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Técnicas moleculares requieren extracciones de ácidos nucleicos en cantidad y pureza adecuadas. Este trabajo describe un modelo lineal generalizado (GLM) de un factor ajustado con efectos fijos sobre el rendimiento de ácido nucleico (ng/μl) y la pureza (A260/A280 y A260/A230), para cinco métodos de extracción de ADN utilizando tarjetas FTA con sangre de cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus). Se ensayaron dos métodos comerciales basados en columnas de sílice (Invitrogen y Macherey Nagel; MN), método resina quelante (Chelex), método CTAB y el método de fenol-cloroformo-alcohol isoamílico (PCI). Adicionalmente, para MN, se evaluó una etapa de incubación con tampón PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) en alta temperatura previa a la lisis y una etapa de purificación posterior a la extracción utilizando un modelo de efecto fijo de dos factores con interacción. Las concentraciones de ADN y las proporciones de pureza fueron variables; la concentración más alta se obtuvo con el kit MN (170.45 ng/μl), pero con deficiencias en la pureza (0.32 de A260/A230, 0.34 de A260/A280). A pesar de esto, todos los métodos de extracción generaron productos PCR con cebadores específicos D-loop (ADNmt). El efecto combinado de las etapas de pre-incubación y post-purificación arrojó valores de pureza satisfactorios (1.89 para A260/A230 y 1.65 para A260/A280), así como relaciones de concentración (476.78 ng/μl) con baja variabilidad. En conclusión, la concentración y pureza del ADN de muestras de sangre mejora considerablemente cuando se usa un kit comercial en combinación con incubación previa a la lisis y purificación posterior a la extracción. Estos ácidos nucleicos se sugieren para uso en potenciales aplicaciones moleculares a posteriori.

Abstract Molecular techniques require extractions of nucleic acids in adequate quantity and purity. This work describes a generalized linear model (GLM) of an adjusted factor with fixed effects on nucleic acid yield (ng/μl) and purity (A260/A280 and A260/A230), for five methods of DNA extraction using FTA cards with goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) blood. Two commercial methods based on silica columns (Invitrogen and Macherey Nagel; MN), the chelating resin method (Chelex), the CTAB method and the phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) method were tested. Additionally, for MN, an incubation step with PBS (Phosphate Buffered Saline) buffer at high temperature prior to lysis and a purification step post extraction were evaluated using a fixed-effect model of two factors with interaction. DNA concentrations and purity ratios were variable; the highest concentration was obtained with the MN kit (170.45 ng/μl), but with deficiencies in purity (0.32 of A260/A230, 0.34 of A260/A280). Despite this, all extraction methods generated PCR products with specific D-loop primers (mtDNA). The combined effect of the pre-incubation and post-purification stages yielded satisfactory purity values (1.89 for A260/A230 and 1.65 for A260/A280), as well as concentration ratios (476.78 ng/μl) with low variability. In conclusion, the concentration and purity of DNA from blood samples is greatly improved when using a commercial kit in combination with pre-lysis incubation and post-extraction purification. These nucleic acids are suggested for use in potential molecular applications a posteriori.

https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v13i1.5890 99 downloads

12.

Biomineralization of lithium nanoparticles by Li-resistant Pseudomonas rodhesiae isolated from the Atacama salt flat
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Bruna, N.

; Galliani, E.

; Oyarzún, P.

; Bravo, D.

; Fuentes, F.

; Pérez-Donoso, J. M.

Biological Research

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2022, Volume 55 elocation 12

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: The Atacama salt flat is located in northern Chile, at 2300 m above sea level, and has a high concentration of lithium, being one of the main extraction sites in the world. The effect of lithium on microorganism communities inhabiting environments with high concentrations of this metal has been scarcely studied. A few works have studied the microorganisms present in lithium-rich salt flats (Uyuni and Hombre Muerto in Bolivia and Argentina, respectively). Nanocrystals formation through biological mineralization has been described as an alternative for microorganisms living in metal-rich environments to cope with metal ions. However, bacterial lithium biomineralization of lithium nanostructures has not been published to date. In the present work, we studied lithium-rich soils of the Atacama salt flat and reported for the first time the biological synthesis of Li nanoparticles. Results: Bacterial communities were evaluated and a high abundance of Cellulomonas, Arcticibacter, Mucilaginibacter, and Pseudomonas were determined. Three lithium resistant strains corresponding to Pseudomonas rodhesiae, Planomicrobium koreense, and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated (MIC > 700 mM). High levels of S2− were detected in the headspace of P. rodhesiae and Pseudomonas sp. cultures exposed to cysteine. Accordingly, biomineralization of lithium sulfide-containing nanomaterials was determined in P. rodhesiae exposed to lithium salts and cysteine. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of ultrathin sections of P. rodhesiae cells biomineralizing lithium revealed the presence of nanometric materials. Lithium sulfide-containing nanomaterials were purified, and their size and shape determined by dynamic light scattering and TEM. Spherical nanoparticles with an average size < 40 nm and a hydro-dynamic size ~ 44.62 nm were determined. Conclusions: We characterized the bacterial communities inhabiting Li-rich extreme environments and reported for the first time the biomineralization of Li-containing nanomaterials by Li-resistant bacteria. The biosynthesis method described in this report could be used to recover lithium from waste batteries and thus provide a solution to the accumulation of batteries.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-022-00382-6 40 downloads

13.

Enfermedad de Chagas: biología y transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi
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Peña-Callejas, Gabriela

; González, James

; Jiménez-Cortés, J. Guillermo

; Fuentes-Vicente, José A. de

; Salazar-Schettino, Paz María

; Bucio-Torres, Martha I.

; Cabrera-Bravo, Margarita

; Flores-Villegas, A. Laura

TIP. Revista especializada en ciencias químico-biológicas

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e449

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen En 1909, Carlos Justiniano Chagas describió por primera vez las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad de Chagas. El parásito hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi (agente) se caracteriza por la presencia de un flagelo, y en su citoplasma presenta organelos como el citostoma, los glicosomas, los reservosomas y un núcleo. El ciclo de vida de T. cruzi se inicia cuando el vector defeca sobre la piel del hospedero sus heces contienen tripomastigotes metacíclicos, que infectan las células del vertebrado. Los vectores de esta enfermedad pertenecen a la Subfamilia Triatominae, insectos hematófagos, nocturnos y con la capacidad de localizar a sus hospederos mediante la detección del calor. T. cruzi tiene efectos en la biología del insecto triatomino, en su comportamiento, en el funcionamiento del intestino, su sistema inmunológico y la microbiota asociada. En el hospedero mamífero, el parásito activa la respuesta inmune innata, y las citocinas tienen un papel clave para controlar la infección o bien evolucionar a la cronicidad. T. cruzi presenta una amplia diversidad genética, y bajo condiciones de laboratorio se han demostrado sus diferentes grados de virulencia y tropismo hacia los órganos blanco; sin embargo, no existe una asociación clara entre las cepas y el comportamiento clínico de la enfermedad. Esta revisión aborda la historia del descubrimiento de la enfermedad de Chagas y discute aspectos recientes sobre la biología de T. cruzi para comprender la dinámica de su transmisión.

Abstract In 1909, Carlos Justiniano Chagas first described the clinical manifestations of Chagas disease. The hemoflagellate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (agent) is characterized by the presence of a flagellum and of a cytostome, glycosomes, reservosomes, and a nucleus in its cytoplasm. The life cycle of T. cruzi begins when a vector defecates on the skin of a host; the feces contain metacyclic trypomastigotes, which infect vertebrate cells. The vectors of this disease are members of the subfamily Triatominae, nocturnal, hematophagous insects capable of locating hosts by heat detection. T. cruzi infection has effects on the biology of the triatomine insect, its behavior, gut function, immune system, and associated microbiota. In the mammalian host, the parasite activates innate immune responses, and host cytokines are key to either control the infection or progress to chronicity. T. cruzi exhibits a wide genetic diversity, and while it has been proved under laboratory conditions to show varying degrees if virulence and organ tropism, no clear association has been found between specific strains and the clinical picture of the disease. This review addresses the history of the discovery of Chagas disease and discusses recent aspects of T. cruzi biology that provide insight into the dynamics of transmission.

https://doi.org/10.22201/fesz.23958723e.2022.449

14.

Polyphenols, carotenoids and flavonoids in an antioxidant probiotic yogurt made with tumbo pulp (Passiflora tripartita Kunth)
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Inocente-Camones, Miguel Angel

; Arias-Arroyo, Gladys Constanza

; Mauricio-Alza, Saby Marisol

; Bravo-Araujo, Gloria Tula

; Capcha-Siccha, Marleny Flor

; Cabanillas-Alvitrez, Emely

Brazilian Journal of Food Technology

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e2021175

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract The species Passiflora tripartita Kunth (tumbo) is endemic to South America, whose edible fruits are a rich source of antioxidant metabolites. This study aimed to develop a probiotic yogurt with tumbo fruit pulp, consisting of an adequate antioxidant capacity related to its content in phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids, and with good acceptability. Antioxidant capacity was determined by radical scavenging capacity test (DPPH●) and cation radical scavenging capacity test (ABTS+●), total phenol content by Folin Ciocalteu method, total flavonoids, and carotenoids by spectrophotometric method, on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 of storage. The surface plate count method quantified Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The results evidenced that at day 21 of the analysis, the antioxidant capacity presented high values (DPPH●: 8.774 mg GAE/g, 3.386 mg TAE/g, 6.159 mg AAE/g; ABTS+●: 11.630 mg GAE/g, 7.018 mg TAE/g, 9.218 mg AAE/g), the content of phenolic compounds presented high values (3746.389 mg TPGAE/g; 2355.933 mg TPTAE/g), as well as total flavonoids (52.421 mg Quercetin/g) and carotenoids (72.109 µg β-carotene/g). Yogurt presents a value of 3.4 x 108 CFU/g of LAB and it is therefore considered a probiotic. High values were determined as the sensory characteristics such as odor (6.89), color (6.97), texture (6.94), flavor (6.97), and acceptability (6.94), thus being analyzed according to the hedonic scale in 200 panelists. The physicochemical and microbiological quality of the yogurt complies with current regulations. In conclusion, the probiotic yogurt developed with tumbo fruit pulp had a high amount of LAB. It presented high antioxidant capacity correlated with its high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and carotenoids, which remained high during the 21 days of storage. Furthermore, it showed high acceptability and had adequate physicochemical and microbiological quality.

Resumo A espécie Passiflora tripartita Kunth conhecida popularmente como tumbo, é endêmica da América do Sul. Seus frutos comestíveis são uma rica fonte de metabólitos antioxidantes. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um iogurte probiótico com polpa de fruta tumbo, com capacidade antioxidante adequada, relacionada ao seu conteúdo em compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e carotenoides, e com boa aceitabilidade. A capacidade antioxidante foi determinada pelo teste de capacidade de absorção do radical DPPH (DPPH●) e pelo teste de capacidade de absorção de cátion-radical (ABTS+●); o conteúdo fenólico total foi determinado pelo método Folin Ciocalteu e os flavonoides totais e carotenoides, pelo método espectrofotométrico, nos dias 1, 7, 14 e 21 de armazenamento. As Bactérias Ácido-Láticas (BAL) foram quantificadas pelo método de contagem de placas de superfície. Os resultados evidenciaram que, no dia 21 da análise, a capacidade antioxidante apresentou valores elevados (DPPH●: 8.774 mg GAE/g, 3.386 mg TAE/g, 6.159 mg AAE/g; ABTS+●: 11.630 mg GAE/g, 7.018 mg TAE/g, 9.218 mg AAE/g) e o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos apresentou valores também expressivos (3746.389 mg TPGAE/g; 2355.933 mg TPTAE/g), bem como flavonoides totais (52.421 mg Quercetina/g) e carotenoides (72.109 µg β-caroteno/g). O iogurte apresentou um valor de 3,4 × 108 CFU/g de BAL e foi, portanto, considerado um probiótico. Valores altos foram determinados em características sensoriais, tais como odor (6,89), cor (6,97), textura (6,94), sabor (6,97) e aceitabilidade (6,94), que foram analisados de acordo com a escala hedônica por 200 provadores. A qualidade físico-química e microbiológica do iogurte está em conformidade com os regulamentos atuais. Em conclusão, o iogurte probiótico desenvolvido com polpa de fruto tumbo teve uma alta quantidade de BAL. Esse iogurte teve uma alta capacidade antioxidante correlacionada com seu alto conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e carotenoides, que permaneceram elevados durante os 21 dias de armazenamento. Além disso, esse iogurte mostrou uma alta aceitabilidade e teve também uma qualidade físico-química e microbiológica adequada.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-6723.17521

15.

Evaluación del impacto del comité de tumores renales en el Hospital de Oncología del CMN Siglo XXI
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Picó-Guzmán, Francisco J.

; Alvarado-Cabrero, Isabel

; Martín-Aguilar, Ana E.

; Ochoa, Jaime

; Barroso-Bravo, Sinuhé

; Escudero-de los Ríos, Pedro

; Rivera, Samuel

; Sotelo-Martínez, León

; Cortés-Martínez, Gustavo

; Hernández-Toriz, Narciso

Gaceta mexicana de oncología

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dec 2021, Volume 20 N. 4 Pages 139 - 147

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background and objective: Assess changes in disease management and the treatment of renal cancer after the implementation of improvement initiatives, particularly from the Renal Tumor Board at the Oncology hospital at Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI. Material and methods: Observational and retrospective study over a sample of kidney cancer patients at CMN Siglo XXI. KPI (Key Performance Indicators) were selected to measure time, efficiency, and compliance level in patient journey key processes. Results: A database was created with information of 741 patients with variables obtained from different therapeutic areas. After 5 months of the Renal Tumor board implementation, results showed an average compliance level of 37% in the KPIs assessed. After 2 years of the Renal Tumor Board implementation, results showed a compliance level of 47% in KPIs assessed. Conclusions: Implementation of initiatives resulted in better kidney patient management and care at the Oncology Hospital at CMN Siglo XXI. Particularly, improvements in waiting time from reference to treatment initiation was observed.

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: Medir el impacto en la gestión del tratamiento del cácer renal a partir de la implementación de acciones, incluyendo el comité de tumores renales, en el Hospital de Oncología del Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre una muestra de pacientes con cáncer renal en la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Oncología del CMN Siglo XXI. Se seleccionaron indicadores de gestión para medir tiempo, eficiencia y nivel de cumplimiento de procesos clave en el flujo de un paciente con cáncer renal. Resultados: Se creó una base de datos con información de 741 pacientes con variables de distintas áreas terapéuticas. Tras 5 meses, se estimó un cumplimiento promedio de 37% en los indicadores evaluados. Tras 2 a ños, un cumplimiento del 47%. Conclusiones: La implementación de las acciones resultó en mejoras en la gestión y atención de pacientes con cáncer renal en la UMAE, Hospital de Oncología del CMN Siglo XXI, particularmente en el tiempo promedio entre referencia e inicio del tratamiento.

https://doi.org/10.24875/j.gamo.21000013 21 downloads

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