Abstract The structural, morphological, and optical properties of α-SnWO4 synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method at 150 °C for different times were investigated. XRD revealed the formation of the orthorhombic phase, without the presence of a secondary phase. The sample processed for 64 min showed a reduction in unit cell volume, suggesting a decrease in the structural defects present in the sample. The Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of α-SnWO4, with the presence of vibrational modes attributed to the [WO6] octahedron. FE-SEM images revealed the formation of agglomerate nanosheets in all samples. The band gap (Egap) of the samples presented values in the range from 1.58 to 1.70 eV. The increase in Egap value of the sample processed for 64 min corroborated the decrease in the structural defects suggested by the Rietveld refinement. Finally, the photoluminescence was measured, with maximum emission in the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum around 454 nm, which was attributed to the [WO6] octahedron.

Abstract We present the first records of insect visitors and pollinators of Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae) in a 25 years plantation outside the Amazon biome, flowering and producing Brazil nuts. We installed a platform to observe and photograph the insects. The collected insects were stored, mounted, and identified by specialists. Six species were observed, three of them classified as potential pollinators (Centris lutea, Eulaema nigrita, Eulaema cingulata). The species E. nigrita and E. cingulata were already reported as a pollinators of Brazil nut in Amazon. This is the first record of C. lutea as potential pollinators for B. excelsa.

The present work aims to evaluate the manufacturing processes of free-standing graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/carbon nanotube (MWCNT) papers-like and the effect on electrical conductivities after annealing treatment. The pure GO and the hybrid papers were obtained by vacuum filtration and submitted to mild thermal annealing at 400 °C under an argon atmosphere. Analyses comparing the carbon paper-like materials before and after thermal treatment were done by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical conductivity measurements. The characterization results show the annealing process effect on the morphology of paper materials. The GO papers and the hybrid (GO/rGO/MWCNT) exhibited good free-standing structure properties. The SEM results suggest the formation of gas void due to the thermal treatment. TGA and Raman results showed the thermal reduction and restoration of the carbon sp2 network of the graphene oxide induced by thermal treatment. The thermal treatment was responsible for changing the almost insulator characteristic of free-standing pure GO paper, achieving an electrical conductivity of 752 S/m, and improving 45% of the free-standing hybrid carbon nanomaterials papers (GO/rGO/MWCNT) electrical conductivity, achieving the value of 1020 S/m.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar genótipos de Coffea arabica com boa produtividade e potencial de tolerância ao deficit hídrico, além de tentar compreender os mecanismos fisiológicos e anatômicos envolvidos na adaptabilidade desses genótipos ao estresse hídrico. Avaliaramse características fisiológicas, anatômicas e agronômicas de 19 genótipos de C. arabica sob as duas seguintes condições hídricas: irrigação regular e sem irrigação (deficit hídrico no solo). Os genótipos 'IPR 100', 2, 5 e 7 apresentaram características agronômicas, fisiológicas e anatômicas que contribuíram para melhor manutenção do estado hídrico no desenvolvimento inicial do cafeeiro. Com base nesses resultados, esses genótipos são potencialmente tolerantes ao deficit hídrico. Os genótipos 4, 10, 11, 14, 15 e 'Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10' apresentam menor adaptabilidade das estruturas anatômicas em condições de deficit hídrico no solo. Os genótipos de cafeeiro apresentam plasticidade foliar, como a espessura do parênquima paliçádico e esponjoso, e o número, posição, dimensões e mobilidade dos estômatos em condições de deficiência hídrica.

Abstract The objective of this work was to select genotypes of Coffea arabica with good yield and potential tolerance to water deficit, as well as to try to understand the physiological and anatomical mechanisms involved in the adaptability of these genotypes to water stress. The physiological, anatomical, and agronomic traits of 19 genotypes of C. arabica were evaluated under the two following water conditions: regular irrigation and no irrigation (soil water deficit). The 'IPR 100', 2, 5, and 7 genotypes showed agronomic, physiological, and anatomical traits that contributed to a better water status maintenance in the initial development of coffee plants. Based on these results, these genotypes are potentially tolerant to water deficit. The 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 'Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10' genotypes show a lower adaptability of the anatomical structures under soil-water deficit conditions. The coffee tree genotypes display leaf plasticity, such as the thickness of palisade and spongy parenchyma, and the number, position, dimensions, and mobility of stomata under water deficit conditions.

Abstract Invasive infections caused by Candida species have been strongly associated with poor prognosis and high resistance rates to some antifungals. This study aimed to identify Candida species isolated from different anatomical sites and to describe their susceptibility profile to antifungals. Ninety-four clinical isolates of Candida were obtained from a Medical Laboratory of Santa Catarina/Brazil. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Susceptibility assays were performed as described by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) microboth method. Among the analyzed samples, C. albicans was the pathogen most incident (59.9%) followed by C. parapsilosis complex (14.9%), C. glabrata complex (8.5%), and C. tropicalis (6.3%). 37 Candida strains were isolated from vaginal content (39.3%), 21 from the nail (22.4%), 8 from tracheal aspirates (8.5%), and 7 from urine (7.4%). Together, the Candida isolates presented decreased susceptibility to azole drugs, mainly to fluconazole and itraconazole. Amphotericin B showed sensibility in 95.7% of samples analyzed. Previous knowledge about etiology and antifungal susceptibility becomes indispensable to conduct an efficient treatment.

ABSTRACT Botulism is a disease usually fatal, caused by the ingestion of neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. In dogs, intoxication is caused by the ingestion of botulinum toxin type C, and animals often recover spontaneously. The present study describes the occurrence of type C botulism in two dogs domiciled on neighboring rural properties in the municipality of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, probably associated with ingestion of decomposing bovine carcass. Upon clinical evaluation, the dogs were alert in the lateral decubitus position with ascending flaccid paralysis, absence of eyelid reflexes, and reduced muscle tone. Due to their worsening clinical symptoms, the animals died within 12 h and 3 days after supportive treatment. Botulinum toxin type C was identified, in the serum and feces of both dogs, by seroneutralization in mice with homologous monovalent antitoxin. The results of the high-throughput gene sequencing showed that the abundance of C. botulinum in the fecal microbiota of one of the affected dogs was low (0.53%). In this way, the present study highlights the need of sanitary practices related to the appropriate collection and disposal of bovine carcasses in rural areas since they represent a risk factor for the occurrence of botulism in dogs domiciled on rural properties.

ABSTRACT Introduction: To demonstrate the entire surgeon's point of view of a prone split-leg (PSL) endoscopic guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (ePCNL) recorded with a GoPro® camera for standardization of the essential technical steps towards a successful procedure (1). Materials and methods: A 40y.o female patient presented with right flank pain for three years. She had previously been submitted to shock wave lithotripsy without success. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) revealed a 2cm stone in the renal pelvis with 1400HU and stone-to-skin distance of 11cm (Guy's Stone Score 1). PCNL approach was chosen for providing higher chances of stone-free after a single procedure. Informed consent was obtained. The PSL ePCNL was uneventful with a single access in a mid-pole. The surgeon had a Full HD GoPro Hero 4® camera mounted on his head, controlled by the surgical staff with a remote control. All essential surgical steps were recorded. Results: Operative time was 90 minutes. Hemoglobin drop was 0.7g/dL. The post-operative NCCT scan was stone-free. The patient was discharged 24h after surgery. Kidney stent was left with a string and removed after 5days. The camera worked properly and didn't cause any kind of discomfort to the surgeon. The quality of the recorded movie was excellent. Conclusion: By recording the surgeon's perspective of an endoscopic urological procedure, we were able to provide a comprehensive understanding of the surgical technique by assembling the endoscopic, fluoroscopic, and operative field views. The GoPro® camera proved to be an interesting tool to document surgical procedures without compromising outcomes and has great potential for educational purposes.

Selecting a method to compute partial atomic charges is not trivial because different methods usually provide different charge values and there is no consensus on the most useful approach. In this work, Mulliken, MBS, Chelp, Chelpg, MK, Hirshfeld, NPA, DMA and AIM methods were selected to compute atomic charges and electric dipole moment vector of N-{N-(Pterin-7-yl)carbonylglycyl}-L-tyrosine molecule, a ricin inhibitor which has different types of bonds and chemical environments. While MBS and DMA methods provided the most chemically consistent charges according to atomic electronegativity and electron resonance effects criteria, Chelp, Chelpg and MK had the worst performances. Atomic charges and dipole moment calculated by the Hirshfeld method had the smallest magnitudes, a well-known behavior. Despite the differences among atomic charges predicted by all methods, the direction of the dipole moment vector was essentially the same. Further charge calculations using different basis sets and quantum methods indicated that the dependency on this aspect was the highest for Mulliken and Chelp and the lowest for MBS, Hirshfeld and DMA methods. Thus, results point to MBS and DMA as the most suitable methods for computing chemically consistent atomic charges and dipole moment vectors of similar systems for different applications; e.g., molecular dynamics.

Abstract Introduction: The benefit of total arterial revascularization (TAR) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains a controversial issue. This study sought to evaluate whether there is any difference on the long-term results of TAR and non-TAR CABG patients. Methods: The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL/CCTR), Clinical Trials.gov, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies published by October 2020. Randomized clinical trials and observational studies with propensity score matching comparing TAR versus non-TAR CABG were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed. The current barriers to implementation of TAR in clinical practice and measures that can be used to optimize outcomes were reviewed. Results: Fourteen publications (from 2012 to 2020) involving a total of 22,746 patients (TAR: 8,941 patients; non-TAR: 13,805 patients) were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for long-term mortality (over 10 years) was lower in the TAR group than in the non-TAR group (random effect model: HR 0.676, 95% confidence interval 0.586-0.779, P<0.001). There was evidence of low heterogeneity of treatment effect among the studies for mortality, and none of the studies had a particular impact on the summary result. The result was not influenced by age, sex, or comorbidities. We identified low risk of publication bias related to this outcome. Conclusion: This review found that TAR presents the best long-term results in patients who undergo CABG. Given that many patients are likely to benefit from TAR, its use should be encouraged.

ABSTRACT Ferruginous Rocky Outcrops have high levels of species richness and endemism, but have been threatened by several anthropic actions, especially mining. Eragrostis polytricha, a common grass species in the vegetation of these outcrops, has shown promising features for use in the recovery of mining areas. However, in order to fully understand the species’ potential for such use, its requirements for germination, seed dormancy break and seedling development must be determined. Thus, we aimed to: (1) assess the temperature conditions needed for seeds of E. polytricha to germinate; (2) evaluate the effects of KNO₃ in breaking seed dormancy; and (3) analyze the germination efficiency of seeds that are still in spikelets. The experiment included seven treatments: 15-35 ºC with KNO₃, 20-30 ºC with KNO₃, 15 ºC with KNO₃, 25 ºC with KNO₃, 35 ºC with KNO₃, 20-30 ºC with water, and 20-30 ºC with KNO₃ using spikelets. The treatments with alternating temperatures associated with KNO3 yielded the highest germination rates, suggesting that these two factors combined can break seed dormancy. Seeds inside spikelets exhibited a high germination percentage, and thus represent an interesting alternative for seedling production.

Objective: To evaluate the interrelationships between childhood maltreatment, life satisfaction (LS), and depressive symptoms, and to investigate LS as a mediating factor in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Methods: The sample consisted of 342 adolescents, aged 11 to 17 years (mean = 13.3, SD = 1.52 years), recruited from a public school in Salvador, Brazil. Participants filled out instruments for the collection of sociodemographic data and evaluation of childhood maltreatment, LS, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to evaluate the mediating effect of LS. Results: We detected significant negative correlations between childhood maltreatment and LS and between LS and depressive symptoms. We observed a significant positive correlation between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. LS partially mediated the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms, mitigating the impact of maltreatment. Conclusion: LS played an important mediating role in the association between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal studies are recommended to fully elucidate these associations, reinforcing the need for attention and care of this vulnerable population.

This study describes a single step, high yield and purity, ecofriendly and scalable procedure to prepare a selenium derivative (diethyl selenodiglycolate). Diethyl selenodiglycolate rapidly reduces hypochlorous acid (HOCl, second-order rate constant of 7 × 107 M−1 s−1) to generate its corresponding selenoxide. In activated HL-60 cells, diethyl selenodiglycolate selectively reacted with HOCl (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 23.07 µM) but not with superoxide anion radical or hydrogen peroxide without any cytotoxicity. These results show that this synthetically simple selenide reacts in a very efficient and specific way with the harmful pro-oxidant HOCl being a promising compound to be applied in oxidative inflammatory-related conditions.

ABSTRACT Knowledge regarding the static pressure drop in granular layers is of fundamental importance in the development of efficient drying and aeration projects of agricultural products. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of impurity contents on the static pressure drop in different bed depth of castor bean grains, as well as modify the mathematical models per the obtained experimental data and select the model that best represents this phenomenon. First, impurities in castor bean grains of the Guarani variety were eliminated and 6% of the moisture content (dry basis) was retained. The coarse impurity contents were obtained with 2%, 4%, and 6% of mass addition. The pressure drop in different bed depth of clean and impure castor bean grains were determined using an experimental determination equipment of pressure drop in bed depth with an airflow rate ranging 0.2 - 1.0 m3 s−1 m−2. The pressure drop linearly increases with an increase in the depth of the grain layer, and the increase in the airflow rate leads to an increased pressure drop in the castor bean grains layer. The impurity contents increase causes a reduction in pressure drop. The models that best represent castor beans grains pressure drop experimental data, without and with impurities, are Hukill & Ives (1955) and Nimkar & Chattopadhyay (2002), respectively.

RESUMO O entendimento dos fenômenos de sorção de água em sementes de castanheira do Brasil permitirá manejar adequadamente esse produto principalmente no que se refere às condições adequadas para um armazenamento seguro. Assim, objetivou-se determinar as isotermas de sorção (dessorção e adsorção) de água de castanha do Brasil, ajustando-se diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais, além da histerese. Para a obtenção das isotermas de sorção foi utilizado o método estático, nas temperaturas de 25, 35, 45 e 55 °C para umidades relativas do ar variando entre 10 a 80%. As condições psicrométricas do ar foram obtidas colocando-se no interior de dessecadores materiais higroscópicos, soluções ácidas e salinas saturadas específicas. Verificou-se que para uma dada isoterma, o teor de água de equilíbrio da castanha do Brasil aumenta com a elevação da atividade de água. Além disso, para uma dada atividade de água, o teor de água de equilíbrio diminui com a elevação da temperatura. Os modelos Copace, Henderson e Oswin são os que melhor descrevem a higroscopicidade das sementes de castanheira do Brasil, tanto na adsorção quanto na dessorção. A histerese foi mais pronunciada nas menores temperaturas e para maiores valores de atividade de água. O teor de água que se deve armazenar a castanha em temperaturas menores que 55 °C sem que haja risco de desenvolvimento fúngico deve ser menor que 8,2% (b.s.).

ABSTRACT Knowledge of the water sorption phenomenon in Brazil nut seeds will allow proper handling of this product, especially with regard to adequate conditions for safe storage. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the sorption isotherms (desorption and adsorption) of Brazil nuts, fitting different mathematical models to the experimental data, as well as to examine the hysteresis effect. To obtain the sorption isotherms, the static method was employed at temperatures of 25, 35, 45 and 55 °C and air relative humidities varying from 10 to 80%. The psychrometric conditions of the air were acquired with the aid of acid solutions and specific saturated saline left inside desiccators with the samples. It was verified that for a given isotherm, the equilibrium moisture content of Brazil nuts increases with water activity increment. In addition, at a constant water activity, equilibrium moisture content decreases with temperature increase. The Copace, Henderson and Oswin are the models that best describe the hygroscopicity of the Brazil nut seed for both the adsorption and desorption processes. Hysteresis was more pronounced at lower temperatures and higher values of water activity. The moisture content value for storage at temperatures less than 55 °C, without the risk of fungal development, must be lower than 8.2% (d.b.).