O apuim-de-costas-pretas [Touit melanonotus (Wied, 1820)] é uma espécie florestal endêmica da Mata Atlântica Brasileira e de relevante interesse conservacionista. Trata-se de uma ave com poucas informações disponíveis acerca de sua história natural e distribuição geográfica e novas observações são importantes fontes de informação para auxiliar na conservação da espécie. Aqui reavaliamos o primeiro registro da espécie e apresentamos novas observações no estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. As vocalizações atribuídas a T. melanonotus e que consubstanciaram sua ocorrência no estado foram examinadas com auxílio de espectrogramas e identificadas como vozes de Pionopsitta pileata (Scopoli, 1769). Não obstante, T. melanonotus ocorre com certa regularidade no Paraná, como indicado por novos registros da espécie em sete localidades distribuídas por todo o litoral do estado. Esta ave foi registrada principalmente em florestas de terras baixas e, uma vez que esta fisionomia sofre intensas pressões antrópicas, sugerimos que esforços de conservação da espécie devem priorizar a preservação desses hábitats.

The Brown-backed Parrotlet [Touit melanonotus (Wied, 1820)] is a rare forest species restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and is included in the endangered category for species threatened of extinction. As there is a lack of knowledge about the species' natural history and occurrence, new observations can provide helpful information for parrotlet conservation. Here we reevaluate the first record for the species and present new records for the state of Paraná (southern Brazil). The vocalizations previously attributed to T. melanonotus, and which were used to infer its occurrence in the state, were examined by spectrogram analysis. These were actually found to be vocalizations of the Red-capped Parrot [Pionopsita pileata (Scopoli, 1769)], representing a case of misidentification. Even so, the Brown-backed Parrotlet occurs with some regularity in the state of Paraná, as shown by 12 records spread through seven localities spanning the entire Paraná coast. The Brown-backed Parrotlet was recorded mostly in lowland areas, and as these forest types suffer intense pressures, conservation efforts aiming the species preservation should focus in the maintenance of these habitats.

As primeiras informações sobre moscas ectoparasitas de morcegos e seus hospedeiros no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul são apresentadas. Os indivíduos de morcegos e de dípteros ectoparasitos foram coletados em área transicionais de cerrado e floresta estacional semidecídua, e também em uma floresta decídua. Foram encontradas sete espécies de Streblidae e uma de Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Nycteribiidae). Todos os registros são inéditos para o estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e Basilia bequaerti Guimarães & D´Andretta, 1956 é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil.

The first information on species of bat flies and their hosts in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul is given. The specimens of bats and bat flies were collected in a transitional area of cerrado and semideciduous forest and in a deciduous forest. Seven species of streblid and one of nicteribiid flies were collected on five species of bats. All bat flies are recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul and Basilia bequaerti Guimarães & D´Andretta, 1956 is a new record for Brazil.

One hundred eighty species in a preliminary inventory were identified. From these, 166 were in an area of 832.5 ha (Mata São Francisco State Park), 84 in another of 9.7 ha (Manoel Júlio de Almeida Municipal Forest) and 99 in the third remnant, briefly sampled, of 218 ha (Mata São Paulo). Comparing these numbers to inventories of nearby sites was considered that the larger area is poor in number of bird species, and believe this to be mainly due to the high degree of environmental degradation. Was considered that the smaller area is rich in birds, but its proximity (375 meters) to the third remnant certainly exeits strong influence. This paper presents the list of birds by site and with their relative frequency of occurrence. A new record for Paraná (Scarlet-headed Blackbird Amblyramphus holosericeus), two new ones for the interior of the state (Uniform Crake Amaurolimnas concolor and Yellow-lored Tody-flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum) and several other important records are commented (e.g. Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata, Vinaceous Parrot Amazona vinacea, and Black-banded Owl Ciccaba huhula). Locally extinct species are discussed (e.g. Harpy Eagle Harpia harpyja), as well as the ones that colonized landscapes created by men (e.g. pastures, agricultural areas). When discussing Atlantic Forest endemism, some species were shown not to be endemic to this biome. Because the north of Paraná is almost totally deforested, the presence of the forest remnants by itself conter them great importance for conservation, besides the existence of species endemic to the Atlantic Forest and considered to be under the threat of extinction. Conservation and management measures are also proposed.