ABSTRACT The 60 Hz electromagnetic field effects during the germination process in seeds of Vigna unguiculata L. with more than one year of storage was determined. Three electromagnetic treatments (2.00; 4.00 and 6.00 mT) were performed. A local electromagnetic stimulator device (BioNaK-03) (Patent No.22602/1999) was used. Each induction was applied to 100 seeds without imbibition (SSI) per treatment and the same to imbibition seeds (ICS) during 9 minutes. Two control groups (SSI and SCI) were established. Percentage of germination, germination speed and length of shoot and radicle were evaluated. At the end, 13.3 % of germination in imbibed and treated seeds with 2.00 mT was increased. A reduction in 54 % of this parameter to 4.00 mT in seeds without imbibition was obtained. Likewise, the highest value in shoot length in the seedlings of green bean for the plants that received the electromagnetic treatment was observed. At the same time, a reduction in the length of the radicle for the treatment of 6.00 mT was obtained. The results, although not entirely conclusive, show that the application of a magnetic treatment of 2.00 mT for 9 minutes improved the germination and growth of V. unguiculata seeds.

RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de un campo electromagnético de 60 Hz durante el proceso de germinación de semillas de habichuela Vigna unguiculata L . Se realizaron tres tratamientos electromagnéticos (2,00; 4,00 y 6,00 mT), para lo cual se empleó un dispositivo estimulador electromagnético local (BioNaK-03) (Patente No.22602/1999). Cada inducción se aplicó en 100 semillas sin embeber (SSI) por tratamiento y la misma cantidad a semillas en imbibición (SCI), durante 9 min. Se establecieron dos grupos control (SSE y SCI) a los cuales no se aplicó tratamiento electromagnético. Se evaluó el porcentaje de germinación, la rapidez de germinación, la longitud del brote y la raíz. Al finalizar se obtuvo un incremento del 13,3 % de germinación en las semillas imbibidas y tratadas con 2,00 mT, y reducción del 54 % de este parámetro para 4,00 mT en semillas sin imbibición. De igual forma, el mayor valor en la longitud del brote en las plántulas de habichuela se obtuvo para las plantas que recibieron el tratamiento electromagnético, mientras que se observó una reducción en la longitud de la radícula para el tratamiento de 6,00 mT. Los resultados, aunque no son del todo concluyentes, evidencian que la aplicación de un tratamiento magnético de 2,00 mT durante 9 minutos mejoró el porcentaje y rapidez de germinación, así como el crecimiento de los brotes en semillas de V. unguiculata.

Abstract Phenolic compounds are one of the main groups of secondary metabolites in plants and are known for their antioxidant activity. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) contains different phenolic compounds including carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid. In Cuba, rosemary cultivation is limited because it is difficult to propagate and has a low yield. As a result, it was removed from the Herbal Medicine National Formulary. However, the National Public Health System has a strong interest in rosemary because of its value as a natural antioxidant medicine. Irrigation with water treated with a static magnetic field (SMF) is a possible strategy to increase rosemary yield. This technology has been applied to accelerate plant growth and increase crop quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in aqueous leaf extracts from plants irrigated with SMF-treated water in comparison to control plants. Significant differences in phenolic content and antioxidant activity were observed between aqueous extracts of control plants and plants irrigated with SMF-treated water. Therefore, irrigation with SMF-treated water is a promising technology to improve the cultivation of rosemary as a raw material to obtain pharmaceutical products with high antioxidant activities.

Polyphenols contribute to antioxidant properties of L. (tomato); plant in which they have demonstrated positive effects of magnetic fields (MF) on germination and productivity. So it was necessary to study the content of polyphenols in tomato fruits from plants irrigated with water treated with static magnetic field (SMF) to 150 mT. A completely randomized experimental design, where the control plants were irrigated with normal water and secondary treatment plants were irrigated with SMF to 150 mT was used. From ripe fruits aqueous ethanolic extracts and Folch mixture (chloroform:methanol, 2:1) were prepared. Total polyphenols were measured by the Folin - Ciocalteu and identified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Simple classification ANOVA and multiple range comparison with least significant difference were performed. Aqueous extracts had a higher content of polyphenols relative to the ethanol and made with the Folch mixture, with statistically significant differences. All extracts from fruits receiving irrigation with treated water with SMF showed most polyphenols. In aqueous extracts prepared from fruit irrigated with SMF, the polyphenol content was 1,25 times higher compared to the control treatment aqueous extracts. Polyphenols rutin, quercetin and gallic acid were identified, of which has been reported significant contribution in the antioxidant capacity of S. lycopersicum L

Los polifenoles contribuyen a las propiedades antioxidantes de S. lycopersicum L. (tomate); planta en la cual se han evidenciado los efectos positivos de los campos magnéticos (CM) en la germinación y la productividad. De manera que fue necesario estudiar el contenido de polifenoles en frutos de tomate provenientes de plantas irrigadas con agua tratada con campo magnético estático (CME) a 150 mT. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado, donde las plantas control se irrigaron con agua normal y las plantas del segundo tratamiento se irrigaron con CME a 150 mT. A partir de los frutos maduros se prepararon extractos acuosos, etanólicos y con mezcla Folch (cloroformo:metanol, 2:1). Se cuantificaron los polifenoles totales por el método de Folin- Ciocalteu y se identificaron con la Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución (HPLC) siglas en Inglés. Se realizó un ANOVA de Clasificación Simple y la Comparación de Múltiples Rangos con Diferencia Mínima Significativa. Los extractos acuosos presentaron un mayor contenido de polifenoles con relación a los etanólicos y a los elaborados con la mezcla Folch, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Todos los extractos procedentes de los frutos que recibieron el riego con agua tratada con CME mostraron una mayor cantidad de polifenoles. En los extractos acuosos elaborados a partir de frutos irrigados con CME, el contenido de polifenoles fue 1,25 veces mayor con relación a los extractos acuosos del tratamiento control. Se identificaron los polifenoles rutina, quercetina y ácido gálico, de los cuales se ha reportado su contribución significativa en la capacidad antioxidante de S. lycopersicum L

Lamiaceae (labiatae labiadas) family have many species for example Rosmarinus officinalis L., it is one of the species with the highest antioxidant power by the presence of essential oils, monoterpenes and phenolic compounds. Its vegetative propagation in Cuba is one of its difficulties and in recent years, this species has been removed from the National Formulary of Phytopharmaceuticals because of its availability. The magnetically treated water has been used for irrigation because it stimulates the growth and development of plants, showing that its application can activate metabolism of cells; however, studies have been very limited in these respects. The aim of this work was to evaluate monoterpen bioactive compounds present in the species Rosmarinus officinalis L., cultivated with magnetically treated water in Santiago de Cuba. N-hexane extracts were analysed by the method of thin layer chromatography of high-resolution (HPTLC) silica gel (fluka plates, foils analytical Alu thickness 0, 2 mm) with a solvent system of toluene and ethyl acetate. Monoterpen standard solutions as cineol, borneol, geraniol, linalool, citral, eucalyptol, citronellal were used and two types of developers vanillin in 10 % ethanol and a solution of sulphuric acid in ethanol, the observation was with white light. The results showed that hexane extracts from treated plants with 120 mT and control plants had the presence of monoterpens, and it was identified with retention factor (Rf) between 0,08 to 0,93

La familia Lamiaceae (labiatae labiadas), está formada por numerosas especies entre ellas el Rosmarinus officinalis L. La misma constituye una de las especies con mayor poder antioxidante por la presencia de sus aceites esenciales, monoterpenos y compuestos fenólicos. Su propagación vegetativa en Cuba es una de sus dificultades y en estos momentos se encuentra retirada del Formulario Nacional de Fitofármacos, debido a la disponibilidad en el país. El agua tratada magnéticamente ha sido muy utilizada en el riego ya que estimula el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, mostrando que su aplicación puede activar el metabolismo de las células; sin embargo, los estudios han sido muy limitados en estos aspectos. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los compuestos bioactivos monoterpenos presentes en la especie Rosmarinus officinalis L., cultivadas con agua tratada magnéticamente en Santiago de Cuba. Los extractos n-hexano fueron analizados a través del método de cromatografía de capa fina de alta resolución (HPTLC), en sílica gel (placas Fluka, alufoils analítica espesor 0,2 mm), con sistema de solvente de tolueno y acetato de etilo, soluciones estándares de monoterpenos: cineol, borneol, geraniol, linalol, citral, eucaliptol, citronelal y dos tipos de reveladores la vainillina en etanol al 10 % y una solución de ácido sulfúrico en etanol, la observación fueron con luz blanca. Se obtuvo como resultado que los extractos de las plantas tratadas con 120 mT y las plantas control, se identificaron la presencia de monoterpenos con un factor de retención (Rf) entre 0,08-0,93

Chemical composition of leaf volatiles of Rosmarinus officinalis and Baccharis dracunculifolia cultured in Southeast of Brazil has been characterized by GC/MS after simultaneous distillation-extraction. The main components in volatiles of these species showed in common α-pinene, myrcene, 1,8 cineole and camphor. Camphor was the major component among volatiles of B. dracunculifolia and R. officinalis with concentrations exceeding 25%. B. dracunculifolia volatiles possessed more sesquiterpenes (21.4%) than R. officinalis (16.7%), such as caryophyllene (1.9%) and α-humulene (0.4%). Lower concentrations of nerolidol and spathulenol were achieved in volatiles of B. dracunculifolia. Considering both species, there was a predominance of monoterpenes.