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Abstract. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of various levels of protein and dietary lipids on white snook (Centropomus viridis) performance. A 4 × 2 factorial design was used with 4 protein levels (40%, 46%, 52%, and 58%) and 2 lipid levels (10% and 13%), with 3 replicates per treatment. Fish with an initial weight of 14.80 ± 0.80 g were fed to apparent satiety 3 times a day for 6 weeks. Juvenile growth showed no significant differences among treatments. Feed efficiency was only affected by the protein level in the diet, and the best feed efficiency ratio was obtained with the 52% protein diets; the protein efficiency ratio was significantly lower with the 58% protein diets. The hepatosomatic index decreased with increasing protein content, and the peritoneal fat index increased with dietary lipid level. The condition factor was not affected by the dietary protein or lipid level. Hematocrit and total plasma protein were significantly higher at 40% protein; blood glucose and triglycerides were affected by both nutrients. It is concluded that juvenile C. viridis can be fed diets containing 40% protein and 10% lipids and a protein/energy ratio of 20.69 mg·kJ-1, under the experimental conditions of this study.

Resumen. Se llevó a cabo un experimento para evaluar el efecto de varios niveles de proteína y lípidos dietéticos en el rendimiento de juveniles de robalo blanco (Centropomus viridis). Se realizó un diseño factorial 4 × 2 con 4 niveles de proteína (40%, 46%, 52% y 58%) y 2 niveles de lípidos (10% y 13%), con 3 replicados por tratamiento. Los peces con un peso inicial de 14.80 ± 0.80 g se alimentaron a saciedad aparente 3 veces al día durante 6 semanas. El crecimiento de los juveniles no presentó diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos. La eficiencia alimenticia solo fue afectada por el nivel de proteína en la dieta, y la mejor tasa de eficiencia alimenticia se obtuvo con las dietas con 52% de proteína; el índice de eficiencia proteica fue significativamente menor con las dietas con 58% de proteína. El índice hepatosomático disminuyó al aumentar el contenido de proteína, y el índice de grasa peritoneal aumentó con el nivel de lípidos en la dieta. El factor de condición no fue afectado por el nivel de proteína o lípidos dietéticos. El hematocrito y la proteína total del plasma fueron significativamente mayores con las dietas con 40% de proteína; la glucosa y los triglicéridos en la sangre fueron afectados por ambos nutrientes. Se concluye que los juveniles de C. viridis pueden ser alimentados con dietas que contengan 40% de proteína y 10% de lípidos y una relación proteína/energía de 20.69 mg·kJ-1, bajo las condiciones experimentales de este estudio.

https://doi.org/10.7773/cm.y2023.3368

Ontogeny of digestive enzymes in larvae of the Clown Anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris (Perciformes: Pomacentridae)
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Velasco-Blanco, Gabriela

; Álvarez González, Carlos-Alfonso

; De-la-Parra, Maria-Isabel-Abdo

; Rodríguez-Ibarra, Luz-Estela

; Ibarra-Castro, Leonardo

; Maytorena-Verdugo, Claudia-I.

; Arias-Jiménez, José-Natividad

; Peña-Marín, Emyr-Saul

Revista de Biología Tropical

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dec 2023, Volume 71 N. 1 elocation e51085

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: El pez payaso (Amphiprion ocellaris) es la especie de pez más popular en el comercio de acuarios marinos; sin embargo, falta información sobre su fisiología digestiva durante la ontogenia larval, información valiosa necesaria para protocolos de diseño y manejo dietético. Objetivo: Caracterizar las enzimas digestivas tempranas de larvas de A. ocellaris. Métodos: Usamos tres homogenados (con 10 larvas cada uno) y extrajimos 10 muestras por tanque, justo antes de la eclosión hasta el día 38. Analizamos la actividad específica de proteasas ácidas y alcalinas, tripsina, quimotripsina, leucina aminopeptidasa y lipasa; e hicimos zimogramas de proteasas ácidas y alcalinas. Resultados: Detectamos todas las enzimas medidas en la eclosión. La actividad de proteasas ácidas incrementó hasta el día 38. Proteasas alcalinas, tripsina, quimotripsina, y leucina aminopeptidasa tuvieron el mismo patrón, con actividad máxima en el octavo día, decreciendo en el día 38. Hubo picos en la actividad lipasa a los ocho y 30 días. El zimograma ácido tuvo una banda única, apareciendo al octavo día. Se hallaron ocho proteasas alcalinas (154.2, 128.1, 104.0, 59.8, 53.5, 41.9, 36.5 y 25.1 KDa), con siete bandas al primer día, y todas las bandas entre el tercer y octavo día, bajando a dos bandas (41.9 y 25.1 KDa) al día 38. Conclusión: A. ocellaris tiene un estómago funcional al octavo día, y, al día 38, un patrón digestivo omnívoro con tendencias carnívoras.

Abstract Introduction: The Clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) is the most popular fish species in the marine aquarium trade; however, there is a lack of information on their digestive physiology during larval ontogeny, valuable information needed for diet design and management protocols. Objective: To characterize the early digestive enzymes of A. ocellaris larvae. Methods: We used three pools (10 larvae each) and extracted 10 samples per tank, from just before hatching to the 38th day. We analyzed the specific activity of acid and alkaline proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, leucine aminopeptidase and lipase; and did acid and alkaline protease zymograms. Results: We detected all measured enzymes at hatching. Acid proteases increased in activity until the 38th day. Alkaline proteases, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and leucine aminopeptidase had the same pattern, and maximum activity on the 8th day, decreasing at the 38th day. Lipase activity peaked on the 8th and 30th day. The acid zymogram had a single band, appearing on the 8th day. A total of eight alkaline proteases were revealed (154.2, 128.1, 104.0, 59.8, 53.5, 41.9, 36.5 and 25.1 KDa), with seven bands on the 1st day and all bands from the 3rd to 8th day, decreasing at two bands (41.9 and 25.1 KDa) in the 38th day. Conclusion: A. ocellaris has a functional stomach on the 8th day, and, on the 38th day, a digestive omnivore pattern with a tendency to carnivory.

https://doi.org/10.15517/rev.biol.trop..v71i1.51085

Structural and histochemical aspects of the Gymnotus carapo tegument (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes)
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COHENE, TANIA BLANCO

; OLEA, GABRIELA

; QUINTANA, CAROLINA FLORES

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 4 elocation e20191259

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present study aims to structurally and histochemically characterize the Gymnotus carapo tegument. 30 specimens were captured and slaughtered by spinal section with anesthesia. The observation was carried out with a stereoscopic microscope and the body surface was photographed. Fragments of the dorsal, ventral and lateral region were fixed in Bouin’s solution for 12 hours and subsequently preserved in 70% alcohol. They were subsequently observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The preparation for SEM was performed following the standardized protocol. Histological preparations were made, and the cuts were colored with H-E, PAS and Coomassie Blue. The images were obtained in an Olympus BX41-ENUTV-4 microscope. From the observations in SEM a plain tegument with pores of different sizes could be evidenced. The scales of the different regions of the body have different ornaments. Microscopically it was composed of a stratified non-keratinized epithelium consisting of two types of morphologically distinct cells: epidermal cells and mucous cells (PAS-Commassie Blue positive). Under the epithelium there is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue with associated chromatophores and more deeply scales. These analyzes are the basis for future studies that will focus on elucidating the events related to integumentary healing in this species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191259

Utilidad del panel FilmArray® BCID en la detección de bacteriemia: estudio multicéntrico latinoamericano
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Soloaga, Rolando

; Algorta, Gabriela

; Badía, Federica

; Blanco, Miriam

; Buele Chica, Dayci

; Carrión, Natalia

; Dagatti, Agostina

; D’Urso, Gustavo

; Decca, Laura

; Galiana, Antonio

; Errecalde, Laura

; Godoy, Darío

; Guelfand, Liliana

; Manchado, Claudio

; Montibello, Silvia

; Mota, María Inés

; Ortellado, Juana

; Parra Vera, Henry

; Pérez Catalán, Sebastián

; Pidone, Juan

; Ramírez Cardoce, Manuel

; Rollet, Raquel

; Rivas Kiese, Myrian

; Segura Retana, Elvira

; Sobrero, Helena

; Togneri, Ana María

; Velázquez Aguayo, Gladys

; Vaustat, Daniela

; Vieytes, Mariela

Acta bioquímica clínica latinoamericana

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sep 2022, Volume 56 N. 3 Pages 302 - 308

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the performance of the BCID panel and to establish the impact of these results on the antimicrobial treatment of patients with bacteremia in 11 hospitals in Latin America. Three hundred and ninety-seven episodes of bacteremia were included and 551 microorganisms isolated from blood cultures were documented. Microbial identification was correct in 91.4% (504/551) of the isolates and in 98.6% (504/511) if only the microorganisms included in the BCID panel are considered. The sensitivity in the detection of the genes mecA, vanA/B and blaKPC was 100% and the specificity was 97%, 100% and 99.6% respectively. Early notification of the outcome allowed therapeutic changes in 242 episodes (60.9%). The BCID panel is a reliable and rapid method for the detection of critical resistance mechanisms and of the microorganisms most frequently isolated from bacteremia and it enables early optimisation of antimicrobial treatment.

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron determinar el desempeño del panel BCID de FilmArray® y establecer el impacto de estos resultados en el tratamiento antimicrobiano de pacientes con bacteriemia en 11 hospitales de Latinoamérica. Se incluyeron 397 episodios de bacteriemia y se documentaron 551 microorganismos aislados de hemocultivos. La identificación microbiana fue correcta en el 91,4% (504/551) de los aislados y en el 98,6% (504/511) si se consideran solo los microorganismos incluidos en el panel BCID. La sensibilidad en la detección de los genes mecA, vanA/B y blaKPC fue del 100% y la especificidad fue del 97%, 100% y 99,6% respectivamente. La notificación temprana del resultado permitió cambios terapéuticos en 242 episodios (60,9%). El panel BCID es un método confiable y rápido para la detección de mecanismos críticos de resistencia y de los microorganismos más frecuentemente aislados de bacteriemias y permite la optimización temprana del tratamiento antimicrobiano.

Resumo Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar o desempenho do painel BCID do FilmArray® e estabelecer o impacto desses resultados no tratamento antimicrobiano de pacientes com bacteremia em 11 hospitais da América Latina. Trezentos e noventa e sete episódios de bacteremia foram incluídos e 551 microrganismos isolados de hemoculturas foram documentados. A identificação microbiana foi correta em 91,4% (504/551) dos isolados e em 98,6% (504/511) considerando apenas os microrganismos incluídos no painel BCID. A sensibilidade na detecção dos genes mecA, vanA/B e blaKPC foi de 100% e a especificidade foi de 97%, 100% e 99,6% respectivamente. A notificação precoce do desfecho permitiu mudanças terapêuticas em 242 episódios (60,9%). O painel BCID é um método confiável e rápido para a detecção de mecanismos críticos de resistência e dos microrganismos mais frequentemente isolados da bacteremia e permite a otimização precoce do tratamento antimicrobiano.

Ventilación no invasiva en sala de hospitalización general
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Borsini, Eduardo

; Blanco, Magalí

; Ernst, Glenda

; Robaina, Gabriela

; Sills, Nora

; Bosio, Martín

; Salvado, Alejandro

; Rabec, Claudio

Revista americana de medicina respiratoria

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sep 2022, Volume 22 N. 3 Pages 209 - 217

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical experience has allowed the use of non-invasive ventilation out side the acute-care setting. We describe the clinical profile and evolution of patients who received non-invasive ventilation in a regular ward. Materials and methods: Retrospective study in patients with ventilatory support for one year in a general hospital. Results: Non-invasive ventilation was delivered to 43 patients, 67.4% of which had hy percapnia. The male/female ratio was 1:1. Age and BMI (Body Mass Index) were 68.3 ± 12.4 years and 30.1 ± 12.3 kg/m2, and the main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease and obesity-hypoventilation. One third of patients began non-invasive ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit, and two thirds had been using non-invasive ventilation at their homes before being admitted with exacerba tion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (39.5%) or disease progression (14%). Hospital length of stay was 12.1 ± 7 d (14 ± 9 in survivors and 5.7 ± 3 in deceased patients). Arterial blood gas analysis on admission showed: PaCO2 (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide), 52.7 ± 13.7 mmHg; PaO2 (partial pressure of arterial oxygen), 72.2 ± 16.2 mmHg, and pH, 7.36 ± 0.08. A pH level < 7.35 was found in 18.6%, and PaCO2 > 45 in 57.4%. PaCO2 values upon discharge were lower (46.1 ± 4.6; p > 0.05). The ST (spontaneous-timed) mode was used in 34 patients (79%). The ventilation period was 12.7 ± 10.2 days, using 6.9 ± 3.1 h/d. One third of patients received palliative care (13.9% of mortality). Three patients (7%) were transferred to the Intensive Care Unit due to clinical decline, and thirty-five were discharged with chronic ventilation (94.6%). Conclusions: there were few referrals to the Intensive Care Unit. Hospital mortality was low, and patients who died had advance directives.

RESUMEN Introducción: La experiencia clínica ha permitido la ventilación no invasiva fuera de unidades críticas. Describimos el perfil clínico y evolución de pacientes que recibieron ventilación no invasiva en sala general. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en pacientes con soporte ventilatorio du rante un año en un hospital general. Resultados: Se utilizó ventilación no invasiva en 43 pacientes, 67,4% con hipercap nia. La relación hombre/mujer fue 1:1. La edad y el IMC fueron 68,3 ± 12,4 años y 30,1 ± 12,3 kg/m2 y los diagnósticos principales, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, enfermedad neuromuscular y obesidad-hipoventilación. Un tercio inició la ventilación no invasiva en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, y dos tercios usaban ventilación no invasiva en domicilio antes del ingreso por exacerbación de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (39,5%) o progresión de la enfermedad (14%). La estancia hospi talaria fue 12,1 ± 7 d (14 ± 9 en supervivientes y 5,7 ± 3 en pacientes fallecidos). La gasometría arterial al ingreso reveló PaCO2: 52,7 ± 13,7 mmHg; PaO2: 72,2 ± 16,2 mmHg y pH de 7,36 ± 0,08. Se halló pH < 7,35 en el 18,6% y PaCO2 > 45 en el 57,4%. La PaCO2 al alta fue menor (46,1 ± 4,6; p > 0,05). El modo ST se utilizó en 34 (79%) pacientes. El período de ventilación fue 12,7 ± 10,2 días con uso de 6,9 ± 3,1 h/d. Un tercio recibió cuidados paliativos (13,9% de mortalidad). Tres pacientes (7%) fueron transferidos a la unidad de cuidados intensivos por deterioro clínico y treinta y cinco egresaron con ventilación crónica (94,6%). Conclusiones: Hubo escasas transferencias a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue baja y los que fallecieron tenían instrucciones anticipadas.

https://doi.org/10.56538/ejij9952

Non-Invasive Ventilation in a Regular Hospital Ward
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Borsini, Eduardo

; Blanco, Magalí

; Ernst, Glenda

; Robaina, Gabriela

; Sills, Nora

; Bosio, Martín

; Salvado, Alejandro

; Rabec, Claudio

Revista americana de medicina respiratoria

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sep 2022, Volume 22 N. 3 Pages 289 - 297

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical experience has allowed the use of non-invasive ventilation out side the acute-care setting. We describe the clinical profile and evolution of patients who received non-invasive ventilation in a regular ward. Materials and methods: Retrospective study in patients with ventilatory support for one year in a general hospital. Results: Non-invasive ventilation was delivered to 43 patients, 67.4% of which had hy percapnia. The male/female ratio was 1:1. Age and BMI (Body Mass Index) were 68.3 ± 12.4 years and 30.1 ± 12.3 kg/m2, and the main diagnoses were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease and obesity-hypoventilation. One third of patients began non-invasive ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit, and two thirds had been using non-invasive ventilation at their homes before being admitted with exacerba tion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (39.5%) or disease progression (14%). Hospital length of stay was 12.1 ± 7 d (14 ± 9 in survivors and 5.7 ± 3 in deceased pa tients). Arterial blood gas analysis on admission showed: PaCO2 (partial pressure of ar terial carbon dioxide), 52.7 ± 13.7 mmHg; PaO2 (partial pressure of arterial oxygen), 72.2 ± 16.2 mmHg, and pH, 7.36 ± 0.08. A pH level < 7.35 was found in 18.6%, and PaCO2 > 45 in 57.4%. PaCO2 values upon discharge were lower (46.1 ± 4.6; p > 0.05). The ST (spontaneous-timed) mode was used in 34 patients (79%). The ventilation period was 12.7 ± 10.2 days, using 6.9 ± 3.1 h/d. One third of patients received palliative care (13.9% of mortality). Three patients (7%) were transferred to the Intensive Care Unit due to clinical decline, and thirty-five were discharged with chronic ventilation (94.6%). Conclusions: there were few referrals to the Intensive Care Unit. Hospital mortality was low, and patients who died had advance directives.

https://doi.org/10.56538/dava2524

Cambios en las características clínicas y desenlaces de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante dos años de pandemia: experiencia en un hospital venezolano
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Arvelo, María C.

; Montes de Oca, María

; Sánchez-Traslaviña, Laura

; Pujol, Flor H.

; Jaspe, Rossana C.

; Silva, Isabel C.

; Stulin, Irene

; Blanco, Gabriela

; Quevedo, Jennireth

; Valera, Nathalia

; Papa, Irene

; Bacci, Santiago

; de Abreu, Fátima

; Villarroel, Héctor

; Catari, Juan C.

; Lopez, José L.

; Moran, Brigitte

; Cárdenas, Claudio

; Santucci, Saverio

; Viloria, José L.

; García, Eleonora

; Gómez, Jerry

; Martinelli, Antonio

; Guzmán, Manuel

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública

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sep 2022, Volume 39 N. 3 Pages 292 - 301

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar los cambios en las características clínicas y desenlaces intrahospitalarios de los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en un hospital privado de Caracas durante dos años de pandemia. Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19. Se investigó la correspondencia entre las olas de ingresos hospitalarios con las variantes circulantes del SARS-CoV-2 en la población general del Distrito Capital y estado Miranda. Resultados. Se incluyeron 1025 pacientes (569 hombres y 456 mujeres), con edad promedio de 62,9 DE: 16,2 años. Cuatro olas de ingresos hospitalarios fueron identificadas: primera (marzo-noviembre 2020) 150/1025 (14,6%) casos; segunda (diciembre-2020 a mayo-2021) 415/1025 (40,5%) casos; tercera (junio-diciembre 2021) 344/1025 (33,6%) casos; cuarta (enero-febrero 2022) 116/1025 (11,3%) casos. La edad promedio fue mayor en la cuarta ola (primera 64,0±15,7, segunda 61,4±15,8, tercera 62,1±16,5, y cuarta ola 68,5±16,4), mientras que la proporción de pacientes masculinos (primera 66,7%, segunda 58,8%, tercera 50,3%, y cuarta 44,8%), los pacientes con enfermedad grave-crítica (primera 65,3%, segunda 57%, tercera 51,7% y cuarta 44,8%), la estadía intrahospitalaria (primera 9,1±6,0, segunda 9,0±7,3, tercera 8,8±7,7, y cuarta 6,9±5,0 días), los ingresos a la UCI (primera 23,3%, segunda 15,7%, tercera 14,0%, y cuarta 11,2%; p=0,027) y la mortalidad (primera 21.8%, segunda 10,7%, tercera 9,1%, y cuarta 7,1%; p<0,001) disminuyeron progresivamente con el tiempo. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran menor frecuencia de casos severos y mejoría de los desenlaces intrahospitalarios en dos años de pandemia. Es probable que los cambios en las variantes circulantes, las mejoras del manejo de la enfermedad y la vacunación hayan influido sobre estos resultados.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine changes in the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a private hospital in Caracas during two years of the pandemic. Materials and Methods. Retrospective, observational study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19. We evaluated the correspondence between waves of hospital admissions and circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population of the Capital District and Miranda state. Results. A total of 1025 patients (569 men and 456 women) were included, with a mean age of 62.9 SD: 16.2 years. Four waves of hospital admissions were identified: first (March-November 2020) 150/1025 (14.6%) cases; second (December 2020 to May 2021) 415/1025 (40.5%) cases; third (June-December 2021) 344/1025 (33.6%) cases; fourth (January-February 2022) 116/1025 (11.3%) cases. The mean age was higher in the fourth wave (first: 64.0±15.7, second: 61.4±15.8, third: 62.1±16.5, and fourth wave: 68.5±16.4), while the proportion of male patients (first: 66.7%, second: 58.8%, third: 50.3%, and fourth wave: 44.8%), patients with severe-critical illness (first: 65.3%, second: 57%, third: 51.7%, and fourth wave: 44.8%), in-hospital stay (first: 9.1±6.0, second: 9.0±7.3, third: 8.8±7.7, and fourth wave: 6.9±5.0 days), ICU admissions (first: 23.3%, second: 15.7%, third: 14.0%, and fourth wave: 11.2%; p=0.027) and mortality (first: 21. 8%, second: 10.7%, third: 9.1%, and fourth wave: 7.1%; p<0.001) progressively decreased over time. Conclusions. The results show lower frequency of severe cases and improvement of in-hospital outcomes in two years of the pandemic. Changes in circulating variants, improvements in disease management and vaccination are likely to have influenced these results.

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11195

A categoria de lugar e sua relevância para as ciências sociais: uma reflexão a partir de conflitos ambientais em Moatize (Moçambique) e Araxá (Brasil)
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Chizenga, Anselmo Panse

; Blanco, Gabriela

; Almeida, Jalcione

Horizontes Antropológicos

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aug 2022, Volume 28 N. 63 Pages 359 - 395

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O artigo trata das potencialidades da categoria de lugar para os estudos em ciências sociais sobre conflitos ambientais e desenvolvimento. Toma-se como base de análise os efeitos gerados pelos megaempreendimentos de carvão mineral da Vale Moçambique S.A. em Moatize (Moçambique) e de nióbio da Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração em Araxá (Brasil). Busca-se i) estabelecer relação entre os conceitos-categorias de lugar, território e paisagem; ii) rastrear os processos de construção do lugar a partir da mineração; e iii) apresentar modos outros de habitar o lugar que colocam em xeque a lógica mineira. Para isso, coloca-se a categoria de lugar em diálogo com os debates no campo da antropologia da natureza e na abordagem pós-estruturalista. Conclui-se que, junto à produção de lugares mineráveis por processos de redução e enclausuramento, ocorrem processos de desidentificação produzidos pela multiplicidade de práticas dos atores que exploram outros modos de habitar o lugar, coexistindo ou resistindo à lógica mineira.

Abstract This paper discusses the potentialities of the category of ‘place’ within social sciences studies on environmental conflicts and development. The analysis is grounded on the effects produced by two mega-development projects, i.e., coal mining operated by Vale S.A. in Moatize (Mozambique), and niobium extraction operated by Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração in Araxá (Brazil). This article aims at: i) correlating concepts and categories of place, territory, and landscape; ii) tracing processes of construction of places through mining activities; iii) presenting other forms of inhabiting places that confront the logic of mining activities. For such, the category of place is brought into dialog with the discussions presented by the anthropology of nature and the post-structural approach. The findings indicate that, in addition to the production of minable places through processes of reduction and enclosure, processes of disidentification are produced by the multiplicity of practices through which actors explore other manners of inhabiting a place, whether by coexisting or resisting the logic of mining activities.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-71832022000200013

Cambios en las características clínicas y desenlaces de pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 durante dos años de pandemia: experiencia en un hospital venezolano
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Arvelo, María C.

; Montes de Oca, María

; Sánchez-Traslaviña, Laura

; Pujol, Flor H.

; Jaspe, Rossana C.

; Silva, Isabel C.

; Stulin, Irene

; Blanco, Gabriela

; Quevedo, Jennireth

; Valera, Nathalia

; Papa, Irene

; Bacci, Santiago

; de Abreu, Fátima

; Villarroel, Héctor

; Catari, Juan C.

; Lopez, José L.

; Moran, Brigitte

; Cárdenas, Claudio

; Santucci, Saverio

; Viloria, José L.

; García, Eleonora

; Gómez, Jerry

; Martinelli, Antonio

; Guzmán, Manuel

Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica

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jul 2022, Volume 39 N. 3 Pages 292 - 301

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2022.393.11195

10.

Los MOOC y su nivel de implementación en las bibliotecas universitarias de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Área Metropolitana
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Blanco, Nancy

; Romagnoli, Sandra

; de Pedro, Gabriela

; Gregui, Carolina

; Barber, Elsa E.

; Pisano, Silvia

Información, cultura y sociedad

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jun 2022, N. 47 Pages 27 - 43

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The participation of public and private academic libraries in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and its Área Metropolitana in the use and management of Massive and Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is analyzed. MOOCs1 present opportunities and challenges for libraries, such as participating in the implementation of courses, advising on and resolving issues related to copyright and licenses, providing massive access to information resources and 24/7 remote service for those enrolled in MOOCs. An exploratory methodology was adopted in order to prepare an initial diagnosis. The population consisted of 68 information units. The research instrument was designed to collect data with the purpose of exploring the state of development of the topic in the defined scope. The survey included 31 questions and was answered by 39 libraries. The analysis of the information obtained made it possible to produce an approximate idea of the importance of the topic today and the challenges it poses.

Resumen Se analiza la participación de las bibliotecas de universidades públicas y privadas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y su Área Metropolitana en el uso y gestión de Cursos Masivos y Abiertos en Línea (MOOC). Los MOOC plantean a las bibliotecas oportunidades y desafíos, tales como participar en la implementación de los cursos, asesorar y resolver temas vinculados a los derechos de autor y a las licencias, brindar acceso masivo a los recursos de información y el servicio remoto 24/7 para los inscriptos a los MOOC. Se adoptó una metodología de carácter exploratorio, a fin de elaborar un diagnóstico inicial. La población de análisis estuvo conformada por 68 unidades de información. Se diseñó el instrumento para recolectar los datos con el propósito de relevar el estado de desarrollo del tema en el ámbito definido. Se aplicó la encuesta que incluyó 31 preguntas y se trabajó con la información correspondiente a 39 unidades de información de las cuales se obtuvo respuesta. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos permite generar una aproximación a la importancia y a los desafíos del tema en la actualidad.

https://doi.org/10.34096/ics.i47.11640

11.

Facing the Pandemic in Brazil: controversies surrounding “early treatment” and vaccination
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Blanco, Gabriela Dias

; Koch, Eleandra Raquel da Silva

; Prates, Camila Dellagnese

Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology

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2022, Volume 19 elocation e19903

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O artigo investiga as controvérsias que emergem com a notícia do início da produção da primeira vacina contra a Covid-19 no Brasil, a CoronaVac, em 11 de junho de 2020. Apoiando-se na perspectiva da Teoria Ator-Rede, realiza-se um estudo com inspiração na etnografia virtual. Assim, privilegiam-se documentos digitais de órgãos governamentais e entidades médicas, matérias jornalísticas, publicações em grupos da rede social Facebook e escrita de diário de campo virtual. A investigação é finalizada com a aprovação das vacinas CoronaVac e Oxford-AstraZeneca pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. O estudo identifica a construção de factóides por grupos críticos ao distanciamento social, tendo como base o acionamento de argumentos pretensamente científicos. Identifica-se que as alianças estabelecidas entre médicos e o governo federal por meio do Ministério da Saúde procuraram desestabilizar a vacina, enquanto artefato tecnocientífico, performando medicamentos do chamado “tratamento precoce” como a “cura” para a pandemia no Brasil.

Abstract The article investigates the controversies that emerge with the production of the CoronaVac vaccine, the first Covid-19 vaccine available in Brazil, on June 11th, 2020. Based on Actor-Network Theory, this study is inspired by virtual ethnography. We thus privilege digital documents from government agencies and medical entities, specialized publications, publications in Facebook groups, and the writing of a virtual field diary. Our investigation ends with the approval of the CoronaVac and Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccines by the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). We identify the construction of factoids by groups that were critical of social distancing measures, basing themselves on the use of purportedly scientific arguments. The alliances established between doctors and the federal government through the Ministry of Health challenged the vaccine as a technoscientific artifact, and advocated for drugs that were part of the so-called "early treatment" as the "cure" for the pandemic in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-43412022v19e903

12.

Atención integral a escolares con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad: estudio de caso
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Jiménez García, Alina

; Perdomo Blanco, Liset

; Díaz Laportilla, Yailén

; Miño Martos, María Gabriela

EDUMECENTRO

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2022, Volume 14 elocation e1987

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Background: the joint work of the educational and health sector in Cuba directs its efforts towards prevention, and establishes links to improve the quality of life of people suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Objective: to describe partial results of a research carried out in the Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province, based on comprehensive care for schoolchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, through the articulation of primary education with mental health institutions. Methods: the study was carried out with a qualitative approach based on the design of an action research and the case study was used as a research strategy in the period from 2014 to 2019 in four primary education institutions and the respective areas of mental health. Methods of the theoretical and empirical level were used, and among the techniques, the researcher's diary and the analysis of evidence. Results: the obstacles and progress of the research process itself allowed the conception of comprehensive care for schoolchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and the materialization of its effectiveness in the evolution of schoolchildren, the preparation of families and teachers, and the exchange between educational and health institutions. Conclusions: the conception of comprehensive care for schoolchildren with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with a multisectoral perspective from the educational and health sectors involves teachers and health specialists in individualized care to reduce the consequences of the disorder.

RESUMEN Fundamento: la labor conjunta del sector educacional y de la salud en Cuba encamina sus esfuerzos hacia la prevención, y establece vínculos para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que padecen del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Objetivo: describir resultados parciales de una investigación realizada en el municipio Santa Clara, provincia Villa Clara, basada en la atención integral a escolares con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, mediante la articulación de la educación primaria con instituciones de salud mental. Métodos: el estudio fue realizado con un enfoque cualitativo a partir del diseño de una investigación-acción y se utilizó el estudio de caso como estrategia de investigación en el periodo 2014-2019 en cuatro instituciones de la educación primaria y las respectivas áreas de salud mental. Se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico y empírico, y entre las técnicas, el diario del investigador y el análisis de evidencias. Resultados: los obstáculos y progresos del propio proceso investigativo permitieron la concepción de la atención integral a escolares con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad, y la materialización de su efectividad en la evolución de los escolares, la preparación de familias y docentes, y el intercambio entre las instituciones educativas y de salud. Conclusiones: la concepción de la atención integral a escolares con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad con una perspectiva multisectorial desde los sectores educativos y sanitarios involucra a docentes y especialistas de salud en una atención individualizada para reducir las consecuencias del trastorno.

13.

Obtención de bio-grasa lubricante para motores a partir de subproductos de la palma africana
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Cabrera-Blanco, Osmir

; Patiño-Altafuya, Dennise Gabriela

; Alcorta-Cuello, Diana Rosa

; Cuello-Pérez, Maribel

Tecnología Química

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aug 2021, Volume 41 N. 2 Pages 463 - 479

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Lubricating greases are vital elements for proper operation and for extending the life of engines. At present, most of the lubricating greases on the market use mineral oil as base oil, which means that the disposal of these greases, after use, pollutes the environment, in addition to increasing prices, due to the increase in the prices of oil and its derivatives in the market generate a higher cost in the acquisition of these. The objective of this work was to obtain a lubricating bio-grease for engines, from by-products of African palm oil. For this, was used sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium soaps and, as base oil, as by-products from palm were used: crude oil, Stearin or Olein; In addition, mineral oil was used as a control. Different formulations were obtained using combinations of the oils, both in obtaining soaps and in obtaining bio-greases. As conclusions, it can be stated that a lubricating bio-grease was obtained with a composition of 93% crude palm oil, 6% sodium hydroxide and 1% defoamer, which presented physicochemical characteristics similar to commercial lubricating greases. In addition, according to the classification of the National Institute of Lubricating Greases, it could be classified as grade 2 lubricating bio-grease, that is a soft grease suitable for use in bearings, and valves, which are not subjected to high pressures or loads.

RESUMEN Las grasas lubricantes son elementos vitales para un buen funcionamiento y para alargar la vida útil de los motores. En la actualidad la mayoría de las grasas lubricantes que existen en el mercado utilizan como aceite base al aceite mineral, lo cual hace que el deshecho de estas grasas, después de su utilización, contamine el medio ambiente, además de que el aumento de los precios del petróleo y sus derivados en el mercado generan mayor costo en la adquisición de estas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener una bio-grasa lubricante para motores, a partir de subproductos de palma africana. Para cumplir dicho objetivo, se utilizó al hidróxido de sodio para la obtención de jabones de sodio y como aceite base, como subproductos de la palma se utilizó: al aceite crudo, estearina u oleína; además se utilizó al aceite mineral como control. Se obtuvieron diferentes formulaciones utilizando combinaciones de los aceites, tanto, en la obtención de jabones, como en la obtención de la grasa. Como conclusiones se puede plantear que se obtuvo una grasa lubricante con una composición del 93% de aceite crudo de palma, 6% de hidróxido de sodio y 1% de antiespumante, que presentó características físico-químicas similares a las grasas lubricantes comerciales. Además, según la clasificación del Instituto Nacional de Grasas Lubricantes, se pudo clasificar como bio-grasa lubricante de grado 2, es decir, es una grasa blanda apta para su empleo en rodamientos, cojinetes y válvulas, que no sean sometidos a altas presiones ni cargas.

14.

Efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en ejercicio contrarresistencia
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Espinoza Acuña, Gabriela

; Sánchez Ureña, Braulio

; Rojas Valverde, Daniel

; Gutiérrez Vargas, Juan Carlos

; Cordero Duarte, Kevin

; Blanco Romero, Luis

MHSalud

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jun 2021, Volume 18 N. 1 Pages 1 - 18

Abstract: Es Pt En | Text: Es Pt En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumen El propósito de esta investigación fue comparar el efecto agudo del estiramiento estático y dinámico entre series sobre el rendimiento y la percepción de esfuerzo en la ejecución de un ejercicio de contrarresistencia. Participaron un total de 30 sujetos masculinos físicamente activos y aparentemente sanos con experiencia mínima de cuatro meses en el entrenamiento contrarresistencia, con un promedio de edad: 23.4 ± 3.2 años, un peso: 71.7 ± 6.0 kg, talla: 172 ± 6.1cm, porcentaje de grasa: 16.3 ± 5.3 % y masa magra: 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Díez sujetos en cada grupo fueron asignados de manera aleatoria a las condiciones experimentales grupo control (sin estiramiento entre series), grupo con estiramiento estático entre series (EE) y grupo con estiramiento dinámico entre series (ED) al ser los grupos homogéneos en nivel de fuerza en el 1RM (F (2,29) = 0.77, p = .47), los sujetos fueron sometidos a un estímulo de 4 series al fallo con el 80 % del 1RM . Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA de una vía. Los resultados obtenidos indican que no se registraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el comportamiento de las variables relacionadas con el rendimiento: (F (2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp 2 = .02), en el índice de fatiga, (F (2,29) = 2.25, p = .12, ωp 2 = .07) en el número total de repeticiones, tampoco se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en cuanto a la percepción de esfuerzo (F (2,29) = 0.46, p = .63, ωp 2 = -.03). Se concluye que el rendimiento expresado en el índice de fatiga y el número total de repeticiones, así como la percepción de esfuerzo, no se ven afectados de manera aguda por el uso de estiramiento entre series, sea de tipo estático o dinámico.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito agudo do alongamento estático e dinâmico entre series sobre o desempenho e o esforço percebido na execução de um exercício de contra-resistência. Um total de 30 indivíduos do sexo masculino fisicamente ativos e aparentemente saudáveis, com pelo menos quatro meses de experiência em treinamento de contra-resistência, com idade média: 23,4 ± 3,2 anos, peso: 71,7 ± 6,0 kg, altura: 172 ± 6,1cm, percentual de gordura: 16,3 ± 5,3 % e massa magra: 34,5 ± 3,2 kg. Dez sujeitos em cada grupo foram designados aleatoriamente para o grupo de controle de condições experimentais (sem alongamento entre séries), grupo de alongamento estático entre séries (EE) e grupo de alongamento dinâmico entre séries (ED), pois os grupos foram homogêneos no nível de força a 1RM (F(2,29) = 0,77, p = .47), os sujeitos foram submetidos a um estímulo de 4 séries em caso de falha com 80% de 1RM . Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de uma ANOVA de uma via. Os resultados indicam que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no comportamento das variáveis relacionadas ao desempenho: (F(2,29) = 1,37, p = .27, ωp2 = .02), no índice de fadiga, (F(2,29) = 2,25, p = .12, ωp2 = .07) no número total de repetições, nem houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas na percepção do esforço (F(2,29) = 0,46, p = .63, ωp2 = -.03). Conclui-se que o desempenho expresso no índice de fadiga e o número total de repetições, bem como a percepção de esforço, não são agudamente afetados pelo uso de alongamento entre conjuntos, seja estático ou dinâmico.

Abstract The main objective of this study was to compare the acute effect of static and dynamic inter-set stretching on performance during resistance training. Thirty physically active and apparently healthy male subjects took part in the study with a minimum experience of four months in resistance training. The mean of age was 23.4 ± 3.2 years; the body mass was 71.7 ± 6.0 kg; the height was 172 ± 6.1cm; the body fat percentage represented 16. 3 ± 5.3%; and the lean mass was 34.5 ± 3.2 kg. Then, subjects were randomly distributed in groups: control group (without stretching inter series), group with static inter series stretching (SS), and group with dynamic inter series stretching (DS). The groups were homogeneous in the 1RM (F (2.29) = 0.77, p = .47). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the behavior of the variables related to performance: (F (2,29) = 1.37, p = .27, ωp 2 = .02) in the fatigue index, (F (2,29) = 2.25, p =.12, ωp 2 = .07) in the total number of repetitions. Neither significant differences were observed in the perceived exertion (F (2,29) = 0.46, p =.63, ωp 2 = -.03). It is concluded that the performance expressed in the fatigue index and total number of repetitions, as well as the perceived exertion, is not acutely affected by the use of inter-series static or dynamic stretching.

https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.18-1.1

15.

Crónica de una invisibilidad anunciada. ¿De qué depende la calidad de una revista científica?
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Mollo Brisco, Gabriela Fernanda

; Solari, Estefanía

; Blanco, Daniela

Ciencia, docencia y tecnología

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jun 2021, N. 62 Pages 17 - 18

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar se a classificação atribuída pelo indicador SCImagoJournal Rank (SJR) a cada uma de suas publicações está relacionada à disciplina, tipo de publicação e região de origem da publicação. Trabalhamos com uma população de 31.971 publicações. Uma análise de Pearson Chi-Square e um Modelo Logit foram realizados para corroborar a hipótese nula (Ho): a hierarquia da publicação não pode ser explicada por meio de disciplina, tipo de publicação e região. Os principais resultados permitiram rejeitar o Ho, concluindo-se que o ranking das publicações pode ser explicado por meio de disciplina, tipo de publicação e região, sendo mais provável a publicação da Europa ou da América do Norte. pertencer ao grupo de publicações com a melhor classificação (Q1 e Q2), enquanto que se vier da América Latina, Europa Oriental, região asiática, Oriente Médio, África e região do Pacífico, terá efeitos negativos.

Abstract The purpose of this work is to determine whether the classification assigned by the SCImagoJournal Rank (SJR) indicator to each of its publications is related to the discipline, type of publication and region of origin of the publication. We worked with a population of 31,971 publications. A Pearson Chi-Square analysis and a Logit Model were performed in order to corroborate the null hypothesis (Ho): the hierarchy of the publication cannot be explained through discipline, type of publication and region. The main results allowed to reject the Ho, so it is concluded that the ranking of the publications can be explained through the discipline, the type of publication and the region, so the publication comes from Europe or North America is more likely of belonging to the group of publications with the best classification (Q1 and Q2), while if the publication comes from Latin America, Eastern Europe, the Asian Region, the Middle East, Africa and the Pacific Region, it has negative effects.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si en los principales sitios de calificadores de publicaciones científicas (puntualmente el SCImago Journal & Country Rank) operan otras variables que no están directamente asociadas a la calidad editorial y científica de las publicaciones. Se toman para ellos las variables independientes «disciplina», «tipo de publicación» y «región» a la que pertenecen las publicaciones. Se procedió a realizar tres análisis estadísticos diferentes sobre una población de 31.971 publicaciones que conforman la base de las revistas que se publican en el ranking SJR con fecha de corte 11/11/2019. Los análisis realizados fueron: i) análisis de frecuencias, ii) pruebas Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, y iii) la aplicación de un Modelo Logit. Los resultados hallados evidencian vinculación significativa entre estas variables y la calificación obtenida por las publicaciones incluidas en la base de datos.

https://doi.org/10.33255/3262/717 8 downloads

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