ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) is a hip-specific instrument for assessing the present levels of physical activity among patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. When evaluating treatment outcomes in patients with FAI syndrome, it is necessary to use joint-specific instruments and ones that can evaluate the levels of physical activity in these patients, such as the HSAS-Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To validate the HSAS-Brazil among a group of physically active patients after arthroscopic treatment of FAI syndrome. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional research of quantitative and qualitative types using data obtained from July 2018 to October 2019. METHODS: A total of 58 patients of both genders diagnosed with FAI syndrome and who had undergone hip arthroscopy participated in this research. To establish reliability and validity, patients first answered the Brazilian versions of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and HSAS; after a 48-hour interval, they answered the HSAS-Brazil again. RESULTS: For test-retest reliability, the interclass correlation was 0.908 (P < 0.001). The HSAS-Brazil correlated to the NAHS-Brazil (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), as well as the SF-12 (Physical Health) (r = 0.42, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The HSAS-Brazil was validated and proved to be a reliable and valid scale to assess sports activity levels in physically active patients with FAI syndrome after arthroscopic treatment.

Abstract Urban infrastructure is a challenge for municipal managers in Brazil, given the rapid urbanization that has occurred in the country and the population growth in these locations. The inclusion of green characteristics in the urban space has contributed to the human needs of residents in this space, areas that allow the filtering of pollutants in the air and water, greater absorption of rainwater, noise reduction, scenic beauty, among other characteristics that are related to ecosystem services. In this context, the objective of the study is to identify the opportunity cost for the existence of urban green areas. This was done using the methodological resources available in environmental economics, which employs the opportunity cost based on the assessment of the net benefit of conservation. Primary and secondary data were used, the sources being literature and satellite images. Considering the analysis period from 2018 to 2020. The results indicate that the opportunity cost is greater than the amounts that can be collected through the commercialization of ecosystem services, implying that the landowners of the Urban Ecological Corridor projected in the municipality of Dourados - Mato Grosso do Sul, should be financially supported to maintain these services in green areas, given their importance to people's quality of life.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) is a reliable and valid tool for determining the levels of sports activities among patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). OBJECTIVE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the HSAS to the Brazilian Portuguese language. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the State University of Rio de Janeiro. METHODS: The Brazilian version of the HSAS was developed following a process that comprised six steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, review by committee, pretesting and submission of documentation to the developers. The translation phase involved three independent bilingual translators whose mother language was Brazilian Portuguese. The back-translation phase involved three independent translators whose mother language was English. In order to verify comprehension of the questionnaire, 30 undergraduate students in physical education (65% men), with mean age 23.2 years (standard deviation = 6.8), participated in the pre-testing phase. RESULTS: During the translation step, some terms and expressions were changed to obtain cultural equivalence to the original HSAS. In the pre-testing phase, each item of the scale showed a comprehension level of 100%. CONCLUSION: The HSAS was translated from English to the Brazilian Portuguese language and adapted to Brazilian culture. The HSAS validation is ongoing.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Hip Sports Activity Scale (HSAS) is a hip-specific instrument for assessing the present levels of physical activity among patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome. When evaluating treatment outcomes in patients with FAI syndrome, it is necessary to use joint-specific instruments and ones that can evaluate the levels of physical activity in these patients, such as the HSAS-Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To validate the HSAS-Brazil among a group of physically active patients after arthroscopic treatment of FAI syndrome. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional research of quantitative and qualitative types using data obtained from July 2018 to October 2019. METHODS: A total of 58 patients of both genders diagnosed with FAI syndrome and who had undergone hip arthroscopy participated in this research. To establish reliability and validity, patients first answered the Brazilian versions of the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and HSAS; after a 48-hour interval, they answered the HSAS-Brazil again. RESULTS: For test-retest reliability, the interclass correlation was 0.908 (P < 0.001). The HSAS-Brazil correlated to the NAHS-Brazil (r = 0.63, P < 0.001), as well as the SF-12 (Physical Health) (r = 0.42, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The HSAS-Brazil was validated and proved to be a reliable and valid scale to assess sports activity levels in physically active patients with FAI syndrome after arthroscopic treatment.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade do sono em indivíduos durante a pandemia de COVID-19 pelo Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP). Buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Web of Science e PEDro, em 22 de maio de 2020. Nas publicações, foram encontrados 208 artigos e, considerando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos ao final 10 artigos, mostrando os efeitos na qualidade do sono durante a pandemia, em populações hospitalizadas, em quarentena e em profissionais de saúde. O IQSP mediu os distúrbios do sono e uma pontuação mais alta indicava uma má qualidade do sono. Foram classificados nove artigos com nível de evidência IV e um como nível III-2. Oito estudos apresentaram um risco de viés “crítico” e dois em “moderado”. Os estudos investigaram diferentes populações e descreveram os resultados como uma má qualidade do sono, considerando o IQSP, sendo os titulares de quarentena e profissionais de saúde como os mais comprometidos. Foi encontrado uma má qualidade do sono nas populações avaliadas nas publicações selecionadas, provavelmente, devido ao COVID-19 contribuir como um fator de risco para saúde mental. Intervenções psicológicas devem ser feitas para minimizar as consequências através do apoio social e capital social.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the sleep quality in individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PEDro databases, on May 22, 2020. In the publications, 208 articles were found and, considering the eligibility criteria, 10 articles were included at the end, showing the effects on sleep quality during the pandemic, in populations hospitalized, quarantined, and in frontline health professionals. The PSQI measured sleep disorders and a higher score indicated poor sleep quality. Nine articles were classified with evidence level IV and one as level III-2. Eight studies present a “serious” risk of bias and two in “moderate”. The studies investigated different populations and described the results as “poor” sleep quality, considering the PSQI on quarantined individuals and frontline health professionals as the most committed. A poor sleep quality was found in the populations evaluated in the selected publications, probably, due to the COVID-19 to contribute as a risk factor for mental health. Psychological interventions must be made to minimize the consequences through social support and social capital.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a qualidade do sono em indivíduos durante a pandemia de COVID-19 pelo Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP). Buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Web of Science e PEDro, em 22 de maio de 2020. Nas publicações, foram encontrados 208 artigos e, considerando os critérios de elegibilidade, foram incluídos ao final 10 artigos, mostrando os efeitos na qualidade do sono durante a pandemia, em populações hospitalizadas, em quarentena e em profissionais de saúde. O IQSP mediu os distúrbios do sono e uma pontuação mais alta indicava uma má qualidade do sono. Foram classificados nove artigos com nível de evidência IV e um como nível III-2. Oito estudos apresentaram um risco de viés “crítico” e dois em “moderado”. Os estudos investigaram diferentes populações e descreveram os resultados como uma má qualidade do sono, considerando o IQSP, sendo os titulares de quarentena e profissionais de saúde como os mais comprometidos. Foi encontrado uma má qualidade do sono nas populações avaliadas nas publicações selecionadas, provavelmente, devido ao COVID-19 contribuir como um fator de risco para saúde mental. Intervenções psicológicas devem ser feitas para minimizar as consequências através do apoio social e capital social.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the sleep quality in individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Searches were conducted in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PEDro databases, on May 22, 2020. In the publications, 208 articles were found and, considering the eligibility criteria, 10 articles were included at the end, showing the effects on sleep quality during the pandemic, in populations hospitalized, quarantined, and in frontline health professionals. The PSQI measured sleep disorders and a higher score indicated poor sleep quality. Nine articles were classified with evidence level IV and one as level III-2. Eight studies present a “serious” risk of bias and two in “moderate”. The studies investigated different populations and described the results as “poor” sleep quality, considering the PSQI on quarantined individuals and frontline health professionals as the most committed. A poor sleep quality was found in the populations evaluated in the selected publications, probably, due to the COVID-19 to contribute as a risk factor for mental health. Psychological interventions must be made to minimize the consequences through social support and social capital.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou as propriedades físico-químicas, citotoxicidade e bioatividade do MTA Angelus (MTA), cimento à base de silicato de cálcio (CSC) e CSC com 30% de óxido de itérbio (CSC/Yb2O3). O tempo de presa foi avaliado usando agulhas Gilmore. A resistência à compressão foi avaliada em uma máquina mecânica. A radiopacidade foi avaliada utilizando radiografias dos materiais e uma escala de alumínio. A solubilidade foi avaliada após imersão em água. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada por meio do ensaio MTT e coloração de vermelho neutro (NR), e a atividade de mineralização por meio da atividade da fosfatase alcalina e a coloração com Vermelho de Alizarina. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes ANOVA, Tukey e Bonferroni (5% de significância). O potencial bioativo foi avaliado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os materiais apresentaram tempo de presa semelhante. O MTA mostrou menor resistência à compressão. MTA e CSC/Yb2O3 apresentaram radiopacidade semelhante. CSC/Yb2O3 apresentou menores valores de solubilidade. A viabilidade celular realizada pelos ensaios de MTT e NR não revelaram efeitos ctotóxicos em todas as diluições, exceto na diluição 1:1 no NR, o qual mostrou baixa viabilidade celular (p<0.05) em todos materiais testados quando comparado ao controle. A atividade de ALP em 1 e 7 dias foi similar ao controle (p>0.05). MTA e CSC tiveram significante aumento na atividade de ALP aos 3 dias quando comarados ao controle (p>0.05). Todos os materiais apresentaram grande produção de nódulos mineralizados quando comparados ao controle (P<0.05). A análise da SEM mostrou estruturas que sugerem a presença de depósitos de fosfato de cálcio na superfície dos materiais demonstrando bioatividade. O Yb2O3 mostrou ser um agente radiopacificador adequado em cimentos à base de silicato de cálcio uma vez que não afetou as propriedades físico-químicas e biológicas e ainda preservou o potencial bioativo desse material.

Abstract This study evaluated physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity and bioactivity of MTA Angelus (MTA), calcium silicate-based cement (CSC) and CSC with 30% Ytterbium oxide (CSC/Yb2O3). Setting time was evaluated using Gilmore needles. Compressive strength was evaluated in a mechanical machine. Radiopacity was evaluated using radiographs of materials and an aluminum scale. Solubility was evaluated after immersion in water. Cell viability was evaluated by means of MTT assay and neutral red staining, and the mineralization activity by using alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red staining. The data were submitted to ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni tests (5% significance). The bioactive potential was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The materials presented similar setting time. MTA showed the lowest compressive strength. MTA and CSC/Yb2O3 presented similar radiopacity. CSC/Yb2O3 showed low solubility. Saos-2 cell viability tests showed no cytotoxic effect, except to 1:1 dilution in NR assay which had lower cell viability when compared to the control. ALP at 1 and 7 days was similar to the control. MTA and CSC had greater ALP activity at 3 days when compared to control. All the materials present higher mineralized nodules when compared with the control. SEM analysis showed structures suggesting the presence of calcium phosphate on the surface of materials demonstrating bioactivity. Ytterbium oxide proved to be a properly radiopacifying agent for calcium silicate-based cement since it did not affected the physicochemical and biological properties besides preserving the bioactive potential of this material.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união de materiais retrobturadores. Quarenta fatias de 2 mm de espessura foram obtidas a partir de dentes unirradiculares humanos. Após o preparo do canal radicular usando uma broca cilíndrica de 1,5 mm de diâmetro, as paredes de dentina foram preparadas usando uma ponta de ultra-som diamantada (CVD T0F-2). As amostras foram divididas de acordo com os materiais (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) e óxido de zinco e eugenol (ZOE). O teste de push-out foi realizado utilizando uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos (EMIC DL 2000) com velocidade de 1 mm/min. O tipo de falha foi avaliado em estereomicroscópio. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey, com níveis de variância de 5%. MTAA (19,18 MPa), MTAS (19,13 MPa) e S26 (15,91 MPa) apresentaram os maiores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). ZOE (9,50 MPa) apresentou os menores valores de resistência de união (p<0,05). A falha adesiva foi prevalente em todos os grupos, com exceção do ZOE, que apresentou falhas mistas. Concluiu-se que os materiais retrobturadores MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer e Sealer 26 apresentam maior resistência de união às paredes dentinárias que o óxido de zinco e eugenol após o preparo retrógrado.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of root-end filling materials. Forty 2-mm-thick slices were obtained from human single-rooted teeth. After root canal preparation using a 1.5 mm diameter cylindrical drill, the dentinal walls were prepared by diamond ultrasonic tip (CVD T0F-2). The specimens were divided according the material (n=10): MTA Angelus (MTAA), MTA Sealer (MTAS, experimental), Sealer 26 (S26) and zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE). The push-out test was performed in a mechanical test machine (EMIC DL 2000) at 1 mm/min speed. The failure type was evaluated by stereomicroscopy. The results were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey test, at 5% significance level. MTAA (19.18 MPa), MTAS (19.13 MPa) and S26 (15.91 MPa) showed higher bond strength (p<0.05). ZOE (9.50 MPa) showed the least bond strength values (p<0.05). Adhesive failure was prevalent in all groups, except for ZOE, which showed mixed failures. It was concluded that root-end filling materials MTA Angelus, MTA Sealer and Sealer 26 showed higher bond strength to dentinal walls than zinc oxide and eugenol cement after retrograde preparation.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Mineral Trióxido Agregado (MTA) é composto por cimento Portland (CP) e um radiopacificador (óxido de bismuto).OBJETIVO: Avaliar tempo de presa, solubilidade, pH, liberação de íons Cálcio e radiopacidade do cimento Portland puro ou associado a quatro radiopacificadores (sulfato de bário, carbonato de bismuto, óxido de bismuto e iodofórmio), comparados ao MTA branco (Angelus, Londrina, Brasil).MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A proporção empregada CP/radiopacificador foi de 4:1 em peso, (80% de cimento Portland e 20% de radiopacificador). A especificação 57 da ADA foi usada para avaliação do tempo de presa. A solubilidade foi analisada segundo a especificação ISO 6876/2001. A avaliação do pH foi realizada com peagâmetro digital e a liberação de íons Ca++foi verificada por meio de espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. A radiopacidade foi determinada em milímetros de alumínio (mm/Al). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de Análise de Variância e Tukey, nível de significância 5%.RESULTADO: O sulfato de bário não alterou o tempo de presa final do CP. Radiopacidade inferior ao mínimo recomendado pelas normas da ADA nº 57 e ISO 6876/2001 foi observada para CP e CP associado com sulfato de bário. O CP associado ao iodofórmio apresentou solubilidade acima dos 3% recomendados pela ISO 6876/2001. Todos os materiais proporcionaram alcalinização do meio e promoveram liberação de íons cálcio.CONCLUSÃO: Carbonato de bismuto ou óxido de bismuto proporcionaram tempo de presa inicial, solubilidade, pH, liberação de íons Cálcio e radiopacidade adequados quando associados ao CP.

INTRODUCTION: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is composed of Portland cement (PC), and a radiopacifier (bismuth oxide).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the setting time, solubility, pH, calcium ion release and radiopacity of pure Portland cement and its association to four radiopacifiers, (Barium sulfate, bismuth carbonate, bismuth oxide and iodoform), and White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil).MATERIAL AND METHOD: The ratio CP/radiopacifier used was 4:1 by weight (80% Portland cement and 20% radiopacifier). The setting time was evaluated according the specification ADA 57. The solubility was analyzed according to ISO 6876/2001 specification. The pH was evaluated using a digital pHmeter and the release of Ca++ ions by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The radiopacity was measured in millimeters of aluminum (mm/Al). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests using 5% of significance level.RESULT: Barium sulfate did not alter the final setting time of the PC. Observed radiopacity was less than the minimum recommended by ADA 57 and ISO 6876/2001 for CP and CP associated with barium sulfate. The PC associated with iodoform showed solubility above the 3% recommended by ISO 6876/2001. All materials provided alkalinization and promoted calcium ion release.CONCLUSION: Bismuth carbonate and bismuth oxide provided proper initial setting time, solubility, pH, calcium ion release and radiopacity when combined with CP.

Foi avaliada neste estudo a presença de caspase-3-clivada no coração de ratos irradiados durante o declínio da função ventricular. Ratas Wistar foram irradiadas com uma dose única de radiação (15 Gy) diretamente no coração e as análises molecular, histológica e fisiológica foram realizadas treze meses pós a irradiação dos animais. As expressões de procolágeno tipo I, TGF-ß1 e caspase-3-clivada foram analisadas usando Western blotting. Alterações cardíacas estruturais e funcionais foram investigadas por meio de ecocardiografia e microscopia eletrônica. No grupo irradiado, os níveis de procolágeno tipo I, TGF-ß1 e caspase-3-clivada estão aumentados Alterações histológicas importantes (degeneração do tecido cardíaco e deposição de colágeno) e funcionais (fração de ejeção reduzida) foram observadas. Dados sugerem que o declínio da função cardíaca após a exposição à radiação ionizante está relacionado, em parte, com aumento do colágeno e da caspase-3-clivada.

The caspase-3-cleaved presence was evaluated in this study in the heart of irradiated rats, during the decline of ventricular function. Female Wistar rats were irradiated with a single dose of radiation (15 Gy) delivered directly to the heart and the molecular, histological and physiological evaluations were performed at thirteen months post-irradiation. The expressions of procollagen type I, TGF-ß1 and caspase-3-cleaved were analyzed using Western blotting. Cardiac structural and functional alterations were investigated by echocardiography and electron microscopy. In the irradiated group, the levels of procollagen type I, TGF-ß1 and caspase-3-cleaved are increased. Significant histological changes (degeneration of heart tissue and collagen deposition) and functional (reduced ejection fraction) were observed. Data suggest that the cardiac function decline after exposure to ionizing radiation is related, in part, to increased collagen and increased caspase-3-cleaved.

Electromagnetic radiation (in the form of pulsed magnetic fields, radiofrequency and intense pulsed light) and mechanical agents (such as sonic waves) have been used in physical therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of low-intensity magnetic fields, sonic and radiofrequency waves, and intense pulsed light on the survival of Escherichia coli cultures and on the electrophoretic mobility of plasmid DNA. Exponentially growing E. coli AB1157 cultures and plasmid DNA samples were exposed to these physical agents and 0.9% NaCl (negative control) and SnCl2 (positive control) solutions. Aliquots of the cultures were diluted and spread onto a solidified rich medium. The colony-forming units were counted after overnight incubation and the survival fraction was calculated. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to visualise and quantify the plasmid topological forms. The results suggest that these agents do not alter the survival of E. coli cells or plasmid DNA electrophoresis mobility. Moreover, they do not protect against the lesive action of SnCl2. These physical agents therefore had no cytotoxic or genotoxic effects under the conditions studied.

Among nonpharmacological strategy to manage fibromyalgia, exercise (aerobic) has shown efficacy. Whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise has been proposed as a potential clinical intervention. WBV would induce increase in growth hormone (GH). An impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-GH-Insulin Growth Factor-1(IGF-1) axis has been implicated in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia. This article aims to review the studies on exploring the relationship between WBV and fibromyalgia. Literature searches were performed in the PubMed database on 04/03/2010 using terms related to "pain", "whole body vibration" and "fibromyalgia". An important number of publications were identified with the term "pain" and in comparison, only a small number of articles were found related to "fibromyalgia". Three publications found with "whole body vibration" and fibromyalgia were analyzed.There are reports describing increase in serum IGF-1 following exposure to WBV in elderly patients. However, one randomized fibromyalgia trial revealed no changes in serum IGF-1 levels in women undergoing WBV. Due to the paucity of available, effective therapies for fibromyalgia, further studies that explore the relationship between the neuroendocrine system, fibromyalgia and WBV are merited.

Cassia angustifolia Vahl (senna) is a natural product that contains sennosides, which are active components that affect the intestinal tract and induce diarrhea. Authors have shown that senna produces DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) lesions in Escherichia coli cultures and can act as an antifungal agent. Natural drugs can alter the labeling of blood constituents with technetium-99m (99mTc) and can affect the biodistribution of radiopharmaceuticals. In this work, we have evaluated the influence of a senna extract on the radiolabeling of blood constituents and on the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4)in Wistar rats. Twelve animals were treated with senna extract for 7 days. Blood samples were withdrawn from the animals and the radiolabeling procedure was carried out. The senna extract did not modify the radiolabeling of the blood constituents. A biodistributional assay was performed by administering Na99mTcO4 and determining its activity in different organs and in blood. The senna extract altered the biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 in the thyroid, liver, pancreas, lungs and blood. These results are associated with properties of the chemical substances present in the aqueous senna extract. Although these assays were performed in animals, our findings suggest that caution should be exercised when nuclear medicine examinations using Na99mTcO4 are conducted in patients who are using senna extract.

Este trabalho avaliou o efeito do tratamento in vitro e in vivo com AAS na morfologia dos eritrócitos. Amostras de sangue ou ratos Wistar foram tratadas com AAS por uma hora. Amostras sangüíneas ou animais tratados com salina foram utilizados como grupos controle. Distensões de sangue foram preparadas, fixadas, coradas e a análise morfológica qualitativa e quantitativa dos eritrócitos foi realizada em microscópio óptico. Os dados mostraram que o tratamento in vitro por uma hora com AAS na maior dose utilizada modificou significativamente (p<0.05) a relação perímetro/área dos eritrócitos. Não foram obtidas alterações morfológicas com o tratamento in vivo. O uso do AAS em doses altas poderia interferir na forma dos eritrócitos.

This work evaluated the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with ASA on the morphology of the red blood cells. Blood samples or Wistar rats were treated with ASA for one hour. Blood samples or animals treated with saline were used as control group. Blood smears were prepared, fixed, stained and the qualitative and quantitative morphology of red blood cells were evaluated under optical microscopy. Data showed that the in vitro treatment for one hour with ASA at higher dose used significantly (p<0.05) modified the perimeter/area ratio of the red blood cells. No morphological alterations were obtained with the in vivo treatment. ASA use at highest doses could interfere on shape of red blood cells.