Abstract The fungus Puccina graminis f. sp. tritici is the causal agent of wheat (Triticum aestivum) stem rust, it can cause yield losses of up to 40 % in susceptible varieties; it can also mutate and overcome resistance genes, so it is necessary to identify new sources of resistance to fight the virulent races of this pathogen. Bread wheat advanced line Kijil has shown high levels of resistance to stem rust in the stages of seedling and adult plant, but the number of genes that confer such resistance is unknown. The genetics of stem rust resistance was investigated in an F6 population consisting of 99 families derived from the Apav #1 × Kijil cross. Greenhouse and field trials were carried out in El Batán, Texcoco and Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico, respectively, during 2016 and 2017. Genetic analysis indicated that there are four race-specific genes that confer resistance in seedling stage. The first gene was identified as Sr38 and the other three were temporarily designated as SrKj;1, SrKj22+ and SrKjX-, according to the infection types recorded. In adult plant stage, the families positive to Sr38, showed severities of 0 to 20 %, while families carrying SrKj;1, SrKj22+ and SrKjX- genes presented severities from 1 to 30 %, 30 to 60 % and 1 to 30 %, respectively. Additionally, it was determined that there are three genes that confer resistance only in adult plant stage, including Sr2 and Sr58. Families positive to Sr58 displayed severities from 30 to 90 % and only one family presented 5 %; those families positive to Sr2 + Sr58 presented 60 to 100 % severity. According to the results, Kijil is a potential source of resistance to stem rust by conferring high levels of resistance in seedling and adult plant stages.

Resumen El hongo Puccina graminis f. sp. tritici es el agente causal de la roya del tallo del trigo (Triticum aestivum), éste puede causar pérdidas del rendimiento hasta de 40 % en variedades susceptibles, además puede mutar y vencer genes de resistencia, por lo que es necesario identificar nuevas fuentes de resistencia para combatir las razas virulentas de este patógeno. La línea avanzada de trigo harinero Kijil ha mostrado niveles altos de resistencia a roya del tallo en las etapas de plántula y planta adulta pero se desconoce el número de genes que confieren tal resistencia. Se investigó la genética de la resistencia a roya del tallo en una población F6 conformada por 99 familias derivadas de la cruza Apav #1 × Kijil. Los ensayos en invernadero y en campo se llevaron a cabo en El Batán, Texcoco y en Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México, respectivamente, durante 2016 y 2017. El análisis genético indicó que existen cuatro genes de raza específica que confieren resistencia en etapa de plántula. El primer gen se identificó como Sr38 y los otros tres se designaron temporalmente como SrKj;1, SrKj22+ y SrKjX-, de acuerdo con los tipos de infección registrados. En etapa de planta adulta, las familias positivas a Sr38 presentaron niveles de severidad de 0 a 20 %, mientras que las familias portadoras de SrKj;1, SrKj22+ y SrKjX- presentaron severidades de 1 a 30 %, de 30 a 60 % y de 1 a 30 %, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, se determinó que existen tres genes que confieren resistencia sólo en etapa de planta adulta, entre ellos Sr2 y Sr58. Las familias positivas a Sr58 mostraron severidades de 30 a 90 % y sólo una familia presentó 5 %; aquellas familias positivas a Sr2 + Sr58 presentaron de 60 a 100 % de severidad. De acuerdo con los resultados, Kijil es una fuente potencial de resistencia a roya del tallo por conferir altos niveles de resistencia en etapas de plántula y planta adulta.

The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was added to the National Immunization Program in 2011, and effectively administered since 2012. The aim of this study was to describe the post-vaccine epidemiology of pneumococcal invasive disease, in the pediatric population who come for consultation at the "Dr. F. Barreyro" and "SAMIC-Oberá" Hospitals, between May-2013 and April-2014. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained and the suspected cases were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Twenty three cases were diagnosed, a seasonal pattern was observed with peaks in winter and spring. Patients older than 2 years old (82%), the masculine gender (65%), and who were diagnosed with pneumonia(69,6%) prevailed. Penicillin-sensitive pneumococci predominated throughout the study. Two serotypes (1 and 12F) were mainly distinguished. We did not observe any prevalence in the factors considered.It is necessary to continue active surveillance.

En 2011 se incorporó la vacuna 13-valente al Calendario Nacional de Inmunización, con aplicación efectiva desde 2012. El objetivo fue describir la epidemiología de la enfermedad y los factores de riesgo observados en pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad invasiva neumocócica en la población pediátrica que se atiende en el Hospital "Dr. F. Barreyro" y en el Hospital SAMIC-Oberá entre mayo de 2013 y abril de 2014. Se obtuvieron datos clínicos y epidemiológicos de los pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado y se realizaron técnicas de biología molecular para descartar y/o confirmar casos sospechosos. Se diagnosticaron 23 casos, con picos en invierno y primavera. Predominaron los pacientes mayores de 2 años (82%), los varones (65%) y las neumonías (69,6%). Los neumococos sensibles a penicilina preponderaron en todo el estudio. Se distinguieron dos serotipos (1 y 12F). No observamos prevalencia de factores de riesgo considerados. Es necesario continuar con la vigilancia activa.

Low cardiac output syndrome is a potential complication in cardiac surgery patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This guide provides recommendations for the management of these patients, immediately after surgery and following admission to the ICU. The recommendations are grouped into different sections, addressing from the most basic concepts such as definition of the disorder to the different sections of basic and advanced monitoring, and culminating with the complex management of this syndrome. We propose an algorithm for initial management, as well as two others for ventricular failure (predominantly left or right). Most of the recommendations are based on expert consensus, due to the lack of randomized trials of adequate design and sample size in patients of this kind. The quality of evidence and strength of the recommendations were based on the GRADE methodology. The guide is presented as a list of recommendations (with the level of evidence for each recommendation) for each question on the selected topic. For each question, justification of the recommendations is then provided.

El síndrome de bajo gasto cardiaco es una potencial complicación de los pacientes intervenidos de cirugía cardiaca y asocia un aumento de la morbimortalidad. La presente guía pretende proporcionar recomendaciones para el manejo de estos pacientes, en el postoperatorio inmediato, ingresados en UCI. Las recomendaciones se han agrupado en diferentes apartados, tratando de dar respuesta desde los conceptos más básicos como es la definición a los diferentes apartados de monitorización básica y avanzada, y terminando con el complejo manejo de este síndrome. Se propone un algoritmo de manejo inicial, así como otros de fracaso ventricular predominantemente izquierdo o derecho. La mayor parte de las recomendaciones están basadas en el consenso de expertos, debido a la falta de estudios clínicos aleatorizados, de adecuado diseño y tamaño muestral en este grupo de pacientes. La calidad de la evidencia y la fuerza de las recomendaciones se realizó siguiendo la metodología GRADE. La guía se presenta como una lista de recomendaciones (y nivel de evidencia de cada recomendación) para cada pregunta del tema seleccionado. A continuación, en cada pregunta, se procede a la justificación de las recomendaciones.

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da doença no Estado de Rondônia. O Estado foi estratificado em três circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito produtor foram amostradas aleatoriamente cerca de 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas, foi escolhido, de forma aleatória, um número pré-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total, foram amostrados 9.717 animais, provenientes de 927 propriedades. Em cada propriedade amostrada foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para verificar o tipo de exploração e as práticas zootécnicas e sanitárias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infecção pela doença. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e o reteste dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo, se pelo menos um animal foi reagente às duas provas sorológicas. As prevalências de focos e de animais infectados do Estado foram de 35,2% [32,1-38,4%] e 6,2% [4,9-7,6%], respectivamente. Os resultados para os circuitos pecuários foram: circuito 1, 41,9% [36,3-47,6%] e 8,3% [5,9-10,8%]; circuito 2, 31,7% [26,5-37,2%] e 5,9% [4,3-7,6%]; circuito 3, 31,9% [26,7-37,4%] e 4,6% [2,5-6,6%]. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco foram: histórico de aborto (OR= 1,42 [1,04-1,95]) e exploração de corte (OR= 1,75 [1,30-2,38]).

A study to characterize the brucellosis epidemiological situation in the State of Rondônia was carried out. The State was divided into three regions. Three hundred herds were randomly sampled in each region. A pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. From 927 herds and 9,717 serum samples were collected. In each herd, it was applied an epidemiological questionnaire regarding herd features and also husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies to Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all RBT-positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. The prevalences of infected herds and animals in Rondônia State were 35.2% [32.1-38.4%] and 6.2% [4.9-7.6%], respectively. In the regions, the prevalences of infected herds and animals were, respectively: region 1, 41.9% [36.3-47.6%] and 8.3% [5.9-10.8%]; region 2, 31.7% [26.5-37.2%] and 5.9% [4.3-7.6%]; and region 3, 31.9% [26.7-37.4%] and 4.6% [2.5-6.6%]. The risk factors (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection were: recent history of abortion (OR= 1.42 [1.04-1.95]) and beef herd (OR=1.75 [1.30-2.38]).

The thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) readers used in the Laboratory of External Dosimetry of the Center of Protection and Hygiene from the Radiations are old-fashioned. The data obtained by this equipment must be manually written down in order to subsequently, process them and these data do not remain registered in any memory for future analysis. This paper describes the design and creation of a system that connects these TLD readers to a personal computer. The system includes a data acquisition card with several analogue input channels, counters, timers as well as digital inputs/outputs and software, in order to control the acquisition and processing of the data.

Los lectores de dosímetros termoluminiscentes (TLD) que se usan en el Laboratorio de Dosimetría Externa del Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones son antiguos. Los datos obtenidos con estos equipos deben ser tomados manualmente para ser procesados y no quedan registrados en ninguna otra parte para su futuro análisis. Este trabajo describe el diseño y construcción de un sistema que conecta estos lectores de TLD a una computadora personal. Este sistema incluye una tarjeta de adquisición de datos con varios canales de entradas analógicas, contadores - temporizadores, así como entradas/salidas digitales y además un programa encargado del control de la adquisición y el procesamiento de los datos.