We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with parents’ non-intention to vaccinate their children and adolescents against COVID-19 in Colombia and Peru. We performed a secondary analysis using a database generated by the University of Maryland and Facebook (Facebook, Inc). We included adult (18 and over) Facebook users residing in LAC who responded to the survey between May 20, and November 5, 2021. We included sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, mental health, economic and food insecurity, compliance with mitigation strategies against COVID-19, and practices related to vaccination against this disease. We estimated crude (cPR) and adjusted (aPR) prevalence ratios with their respective 95%CI. We analyzed a sample of 44,678 adults from Colombia and 24,302 from Peru. The prevalence of parents' non-intention to vaccinate their children and adolescents against COVID-19 was 7.41% (n=3,274) for Colombia and 6.64% (n=1,464) for Peru. In Colombia, age above 35 years old, compliance with physical distancing, use of masks, having economic insecurity, anxiety symptoms, having a chronic condition or more comorbidities, and being vaccinated were associated with a lower prevalence of non-intention to vaccinate children and adolescents against COVID-19. In Peru, gender, compliance with physical distancing, use of masks, having economic insecurity, anxiety symptoms, having a chronic condition or more comorbidities, having had COVID-19, and being vaccinated were associated with a higher probability of vaccinating children against COVID-19. Living in a town, a village, or a rural area was associated with a higher prevalence of non-intention to vaccinate children and adolescents against COVID-19. About 9 out of 10 parents in Colombia and Peru intend to vaccinate their children and adolescents against COVID-19. This intention is associated with some factors which are similar between the two countries, as well as other factors and variations among the different regions of each country.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the intention to be vaccinated (ITV) against COVID-19 in Peru. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study using the survey conducted by the University of Maryland, USA, on Facebook. The dependent variable is the ITV. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated, with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using generalized linear models of the Poisson family, in order to evaluate the association of sociodemographic variables, compliance with community mitigation strategies, symptoms of COVID-19, mental health and acceptance of vaccination before the recommendation (AVR) by various actors and health authorities, with the ITV. Results: Data from 17,162 adults were analyzed. The overall prevalence of the ITV was 74.9%. A lower prevalence of the ITV was associated with the female sex (PR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.94-0.97), living in a town (PR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) or village or other rural area (PR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93) and the AVR of politicians (PR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.87-0.92). Conversely, having COVID-19 symptoms (PR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09), economic insecurity (PR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), fears of becoming seriously ill or that a family member becomes seriously ill from COVID-19 (PR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.36-1.64) and the AVR of family and friends (PR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.08-1.12), healthcare workers (PR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.26-1.32), World Health Organization (PR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.29-1.40) and government officials (PR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.15-1.22) was associated with a higher prevalence of the ITV. Conclusions: Three-quarters of the respondents had the ITV. There are potentially modifiable factors that could improve vaccine acceptance.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la intención de vacunación (IDV) contra la COVID-19 en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico utilizando una encuesta realizada por la Universidad de Maryland, EUA, en Facebook. La variable dependiente fue la IDV. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas, con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%), mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson para evaluar la asociación de variables sociodemográficas, el cumplimiento de estrategias comunitarias de mitigación, los síntomas de la COVID-19, la salud mental y la aceptación de la vacunación ante la recomendación (AVR) por diversos actores y autoridades sanitarias. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 17 162 adultos. La prevalencia general de la IDV fue del 74,9%. Se asociaron a una menor prevalencia de la IDV ser de sexo femenino (RP=0,95; IC95%:0,94-0,97), vivir en un pueblo (RP=0,95; IC95%:0,91-0,99) o en una aldea u otra área rural (RP=0,90; IC95%:0,86-0,93) y la AVR de políticos (RP=0,89; IC95%: 0,87-0,92). Contrariamente, tener síntomas de COVID-19 (RP=1,06; IC95%:1,03-1,09), inseguridad económica (RP=1,04; IC95%: 1,01-1,06), miedo a enfermar o que un familiar enferme de COVID-19 (RP=1,49; IC95%: 1,36-1,64) y la AVR de familiares y amigos (RP=1,10; IC95%: 1,08-1,12), trabajadores de la salud (RP=1,29; IC95%: 1,26-1,32), la Organización Mundial de la Salud (RP=1,34; IC95%: 1,29-1,40) y funcionarios del gobierno (RP=1,18; IC95%: 1,15-1,22) se asociaron con mayor prevalencia de IDV. Conclusiones: Tres cuartas partes de los encuestados manifiestan IDV. Existen factores potencialmente modificables que podrían mejorar la aceptación de la vacuna.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the intention to be vaccinated (ITV) against COVID-19 in Peru. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study using the survey conducted by the University of Maryland, USA, on Facebook. The dependent variable is the ITV. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated, with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using generalized linear models of the Poisson family, in order to evaluate the association of sociodemographic variables, compliance with community mitigation strategies, symptoms of COVID-19, mental health and acceptance of vaccination before the recommendation (AVR) by various actors and health authorities, with the ITV. Results: Data from 17,162 adults were analyzed. The overall prevalence of the ITV was 74.9%. A lower prevalence of the ITV was associated with the female sex (PR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.94-0.97), living in a town (PR=0.95; 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) or village or other rural area (PR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93) and the AVR of politicians (PR=0.89; 95% CI: 0.87-0.92). Conversely, having COVID-19 symptoms (PR=1.06; 95% CI: 1.03-1.09), economic insecurity (PR=1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06), fears of becoming seriously ill or that a family member becomes seriously ill from COVID-19 (PR=1.49; 95% CI: 1.36-1.64) and the AVR of family and friends (PR=1.10; 95% CI: 1.08-1.12), healthcare workers (PR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.26-1.32), World Health Organization (PR=1.34; 95% CI: 1.29-1.40) and government officials (PR=1.18; 95% CI: 1.15-1.22) was associated with a higher prevalence of the ITV. Conclusions: Three-quarters of the respondents had the ITV. There are potentially modifiable factors that could improve vaccine acceptance.

RESUMEN Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la intención de vacunación (IDV) contra la COVID-19 en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico utilizando una encuesta realizada por la Universidad de Maryland, EUA, en Facebook. La variable dependiente fue la IDV. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas, con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%), mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson para evaluar la asociación de variables sociodemográficas, el cumplimiento de estrategias comunitarias de mitigación, los síntomas de la COVID-19, la salud mental y la aceptación de la vacunación ante la recomendación (AVR) por diversos actores y autoridades sanitarias. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 17 162 adultos. La prevalencia general de la IDV fue del 74,9%. Se asociaron a una menor prevalencia de la IDV ser de sexo femenino (RP=0,95; IC95%:0,94-0,97), vivir en un pueblo (RP=0,95; IC95%:0,91-0,99) o en una aldea u otra área rural (RP=0,90; IC95%:0,86-0,93) y la AVR de políticos (RP=0,89; IC95%: 0,87-0,92). Contrariamente, tener síntomas de COVID-19 (RP=1,06; IC95%:1,03-1,09), inseguridad económica (RP=1,04; IC95%: 1,01-1,06), miedo a enfermar o que un familiar enferme de COVID-19 (RP=1,49; IC95%: 1,36-1,64) y la AVR de familiares y amigos (RP=1,10; IC95%: 1,08-1,12), trabajadores de la salud (RP=1,29; IC95%: 1,26-1,32), la Organización Mundial de la Salud (RP=1,34; IC95%: 1,29-1,40) y funcionarios del gobierno (RP=1,18; IC95%: 1,15-1,22) se asociaron con mayor prevalencia de IDV. Conclusiones: Tres cuartas partes de los encuestados manifiestan IDV. Existen factores potencialmente modificables que podrían mejorar la aceptación de la vacuna.

Abstract Objective To determine the adequacy of compliance with antenatal care (ANC) by pregnant women in Peru and to identify the associated factors. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study of data from the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, in Spanish) was conducted. The dependent variable was adequate compliance with ANC (provided by skilled health care professionals; first ANC visit during the first trimester of pregnancy; six or more ANC visits during pregnancy; ANC visits with appropriate content) by women aged 15 to 49 years in their last delivery within the five years prior to the survey. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a log-binomial regression model. Results A total of 18,386 women were analyzed, 35.0% of whom adequately complied with ANC. The lowest proportion of compliance was found with the content of ANC (42.6%). Sociodemographic factors and those related to pregnancy, such as being in the age groups of 20 to 34 years and 35 to 49 years, havingsecondaryor higher education, belonging to a wealth quintile of the population other than the poorest, being from the Amazon region, not being of native ethnicity, having a second or third pregnancy, and having a desired pregnancy, increased the probability of presenting adequate compliance with ANC. Conclusion Only 3 out of 10women in Peru showed adequate compliancewith ANC. Compliance with the content of ANC must be improved, and strategies must be developed to increase the proportion of adequate compliance with ANC.

Resumo Objetivo Determinar a adequação do cumprimento dos cuidados pré-natais (CPN) por mulheres grávidas no Peru e identificar os fatores associados. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal dos dados da Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde da Família Peruana de 2019 (Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar, ENDES, em espanhol). A variável dependente foi conformidade adequada coma CPN (fornecida por profissionais de saúde qualificados; primeira visita CPN durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez; seis ou mais visitas CPN durante a gravidez; visitas CPN com conteúdo apropriado) por mulheres de 15 a 49 anos em seu último parto nos cinco anos anteriores à pesquisa. Os índices de prevalência bruta e ajustada e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% foram calculados usando um modelo de regressão log-binomial. Resultados Foi analisado um total de 18.386 mulheres, das quais 35,0% cumpriram adequadamente o CPN. A menor proporção de conformidade foi encontrada com o conteúdo de ANC (42,6%). Fatores sociodemográficos e aqueles relacionados à gravidez, como estar na faixa etária de 20 a 34 anos e 35 a 49 anos, ter educação secundária ou superior, pertencer a um quintil de riqueza da população que não a mais pobre, ser da região da selva, não ser de etnia nativa, ter um segundo ou terceiro gravidez, e tendo uma gravidez desejada, aumentou a probabilidade de apresentar conformidade adequada com CPN. Conclusão Apenas 3 em cada 10 mulheres no Peru mostraram conformidade adequada com o CPN. O cumprimento do conteúdo do CPN deve ser melhorado, e estratégias devem ser desenvolvidas para aumentar a proporção de cumprimento adequado com o CPN.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados a la intención de vacunación (IDV) contra la COVID-19 en el Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico utilizando la encuesta realizada por Universidad de Maryland, EUA, en Facebook. Las variables dependientes fueron la IDV. Se calcularon razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas, con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%), mediante modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson, para evaluar la asociación de variables sociodemográficas, cumplimiento de estrategias comunitarias de mitigación, síntomas de COVID-19, salud mental y aceptación de la vacunación ante la recomendación (AVR) por diversos actores y autoridades sanitarias, con la IDV. Resultados: Se analizaron los datos de 17.162 adultos. La prevalencia general de IDV fue de 74,9%. Se asoció a menor prevalencia de IDV el sexo femenino, vivir en un pueblo o zona rural y la AVR de políticos, RP=0,95 (IC95%:0,94-0,96), RP=0,95 (IC95%:0,91-0,99), RP=0,90 (IC95%:0,86-0,93) y RP=0,89 (IC95%:0,87-0,91); respectivamente. Contrariamente, tener síntomas de COVID-19, inseguridad económica, miedo a que un familiar enferme de COVID-19, síntomas depresivos y la AVR de familiares y amigos, trabajadores de la salud, organización mundial de la salud y funcionarios del gobierno se asociaron con mayor prevalencia de IDV, RP=1,05 (IC95%:1,03-1,08), RP=1,03 (IC95%:1,01-1,06), RP=1,48 (IC95%:1,35-1,63), RP=1,03 (IC95%:1,01-1,06), RP=1,10 (IC95%:1,08-1,12), RP=1,29 (IC95%:1,26-1,32), RP=1,34 (IC95%:1,29-1,40) y RP=1,18 (IC95%:1,15-1,21); respectivamente. Conclusión: Tres cuartas partes de los encuestados manifiestan IDV. Existen factores potencialmente modificables que podrían mejorar la aceptación de la vacuna.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with the intention to vaccinate (ITV) against COVID-19 in Peru. Material and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study using the survey conducted by the University of Maryland, USA, on Facebook. The dependent variables were ITV. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated, with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using generalized linear models of the Poisson family, to evaluate the association of sociodemographic variables, compliance with community mitigation strategies, symptoms of COVID-19, mental health and acceptance of vaccination before the recommendation (AVR) by various actors and health authorities, with the ITV. Results: Data from 17,162 adults were analyzed. The overall prevalence of ITV was 74.9%. A lower prevalence of IDV was associated with the female sex, living in a town or rural area and the AVR of politicians, PR=0.95 (95%CI:0.94-0.96), PR=0.95 (95%CI:0.91-0.99), PR=0.90 (95%CI:0.86-0.93) and PR=0.89 (95%CI:0.87-0.91); respectively. Conversely, having COVID-19 symptoms, economic insecurity, fear of a family member getting sick from COVID-19, depressive symptoms, and the AVR of family and friends, healthcare workers, world health organization and government officials partnered with higher prevalence of ITV, PR=1.05 (95%CI:1.03-1.08), PR=1.03 (95%CI:1.01-1.06), PR=1.48 (95%CI:1.35-1.63), PR = 1.03 (95%CI:1.01-1.06), PR=1.10 (95%CI: 1.08-1.12), PR = 1.29 (95%CI: 1.26-1.32), PR=1.34 (95%CI: 1.29-1.40) and PR=1.18 (95%CI: 1.15-1.21); respectively. Conclusion: Three-quarters of the respondents manifest ITV. There are potentially modifiable factors that could improve vaccine acceptance.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à intenção de vacinar (IDV) contra COVID-19 no Peru.Material e métodos: Estudo transversal analítico a partir de survey realizado pela University of Maryland, EUA, no Facebook. As variáveis ​​dependentes foram IDV. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas, com seus intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%), utilizando modelos lineares generalizados da família Poisson, para avaliar a associação de variáveis ​​sociodemográficas, adesão a estratégias de mitigação da comunidade, sintomas de COVID- 19, saúde mental e aceitação da vacinação antes da recomendação (AVR) por diversos atores e autoridades sanitárias, junto ao IDV.Resultados: Dados de 17.162 adultos foram analisados. A prevalência geral de IDV foi de 74,9%. A menor prevalência de IDV foi associada ao sexo feminino, residente em cidade ou zona rural e ao AVR de políticos, RP = 0,95 (IC95%: 0,94-0,96), RP = 0,95 (IC95%: 0,91-0,99) , RP = 0,90 (IC 95%: 0,86-0,93) e RP = 0,89 (IC 95%: 0,87-0,91); respectivamente. Por outro lado, ter sintomas de COVID-19, insegurança econômica, medo de um membro da família ficar doente por causa de COVID-19, sintomas depressivos e AVR de familiares e amigos, profissionais de saúde, organização mundial de saúde e funcionários do governo em parceria com maior prevalência de IDV, PR = 1,05 (IC 95%: 1,03-1,08), PR = 1,03 (IC 95%: 1,01-1,06), PR = 1,48 (IC 95%: 1,35-1,63), PR = 1,03 (IC 95%: 1,01-1,06 ), RP = 1,10 (IC 95%: 1,08-1,12), RP = 1,29 (IC 95%: 1,26-1,32), RP = 1,34 (IC 95%: 1,29-1,40) e RP = 1,18 (IC 95%: 1,15 -1,21); respectivamente.Conclusão: Três quartos dos entrevistados manifestam IDV. Existem fatores potencialmente modificáveis ​​que podem melhorar a aceitação da vacina.

ABSTRACT Background: Peru has been one of the countries with the highest burden of disease due to COVID-19. The Government of Peru has established basic guidelines for the preparation and registration of plans for the surveillance, prevention, and control of COVID-19 at work (PVPC) of Peruvian institutions. Objective: To characterize the PVPC of health sector institutions in Peru. Materials and Methods: retrospective descriptive secondary database study. The PVPCs of the health sector registered in the SISCOVID-Empresas platform of the Ministry of Health of Peru, mandatory registration for the reactivation of activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, were evaluated. Results: 1263 PVPC records from the health sector registered on the SISCOVID-Empresas platform were analyzed. Of the registered PVPCs, 5.8% of companies do not have a supervisor or committee for occupational safety and health, and 38.6% of companies with more than 20 workers do not have a health professional. Conclusions: A high non-compliance with what is required in the PVPCs in institutions of the Peruvian health sector was identified. It is necessary to reinforce and supervise the adequate fulfillment of the PVPC in these institutions.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El Perú ha sido uno de los países con mayor carga de enfermedad por la COVID-19. El Gobierno del Perú ha establecido pautas básicas para la elaboración y registro de los planes para la vigilancia, prevención y control de la COVID-19 en el trabajo (PVPC) de las instituciones del Perú. Objetivo: Caracterizar los PVPC de instituciones del sector salud del Perú. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de base de datos secundaria. Se evaluaron los PVPC del sector salud registrados en la plataforma SISCOVID-Empresas del Ministerio de Salud del Perú, registro obligatorio para la reactivación de actividades durante la pandemia por la COVID-19. Resultados: Se analizaron 1263 registros PVPC del sector salud registrados en la plataforma SISCOVID-Empresas. El 5,8% de empresas no cuenta con supervisor o comité de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, y 38,6% de empresas con más de 20 trabajadores no cuenta con profesional de salud. Conclusiones: Se identificó un elevado incumplimiento de lo requerido en los PVPC en instituciones del sector salud peruano. Se requiere reforzar y fiscalizar el cumplimiento adecuado de los PVPC en estas instituciones.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effect of the Rural and Marginal Urban Health Service (SERUMS) on the physicians’ perception of work in the primary health care (PHC) setting and its associated factors. Materials and methods: A secondary data analysis of a sample of physicians who performed the SERUMS in 2016 was carried out. To evaluate the variable of interest, the scale “Perception of work in the PHC setting” was used, higher scores indicated a negative perception of work in the PHC setting. A baseline survey (before the SERUMS) and a follow-up survey (8-12 months after starting the SERUMS) were applied and differences in both scores were evaluated. Results: Of the 780 respondents, 215 (27.6%) completed the baseline and follow-up survey. The average score increased considerably (from 3.4 to 6.7; p < 0.001), which shows a negative perception of work in the PHC setting after participating in the SERUMS. Of the three parts of the survey, the one regarding perceptions by the physicians working in the PHC and the one about perceptions of medical work in the PHC setting increased the perception scores. No sociodemographic variables were found to be associated with the change in scores. Conclusions: Physicians’ perception about work in the PHC setting deteriorated after participating in the SERUMS. Therefore, strategies to encourage physicians’ interest in working at this level of healthcare should be promoted.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los médicos que realizan el Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud (SERUMS) en Perú sobre el trabajo en el primer nivel de atención (PNA) y sus factores asociados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de datos de una muestra de médicos que realizaron el SERUMS el 2016. Para evaluar la variable de interés se utilizó la escala de «Percepción sobre el trabajo en el PNA», cuyos puntajes más altos indican una peor percepción del trabajo en el PNA. Se aplicó una encuesta basal (antes del SERUMS) y una encuesta de seguimiento (8-12 meses de iniciado el SERUMS) y se evaluaron las diferencias en los puntajes. Resultados: De los 780 encuestados, 215 (27,6%) completaron la encuesta basal y de seguimiento. La media del puntaje incrementó considerablemente (de 3,4 a 6,7; p < 0,001), lo que indica una peor percepción del trabajo en el PNA tras iniciar el SERUMS. De los tres dominios de la encuesta, el de las percepciones sobre el médico que trabaja en el PNA y el de las percepciones sobre el trabajo asistencial en el PNA incrementaron los puntajes de percepción sobre el trabajo en el PNA. No se encontraron variables sociodemográficas asociadas al cambio en los puntajes. Conclusiones: La percepción de los médicos sobre el trabajo en el PNA se deteriora luego de iniciar el SERUMS. Se deben promover estrategias que incentiven el interés de los médicos en este nivel de atención.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the global productivity regarding original articles on maternal near-miss (MNM). Methods We conducted a bibliometric analysis of original articles published from 2008 to November 2019 in the journals indexed in the Scopus database. The averages of the number of articles by author, of the number of authors by article, of the number of citations by article, and the total number of documents with one or more authors were obtained. An analysis of the co-citation of authors and a co-occurrence analysis of the terms included in the titles and abstracts were performed and were presented as network visualization maps. Results A total of 326 original articles were analyzed. There was an increase in the number of articles (p < 0.001; average annual growth rate = 12.54%;). A total of 1,399 authors, an average number of articles per author of 4.29, with an index of authors per document of 0.23, and an index of co-authors per document of 8.16 were identified. A total of 85 countries contributed with original articles on MNM. Among the top ten countries regarding the contribution of articles, five were low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Brazil had the highest volume of production (31.1%;), followed by the US (11.5%;). Terms related to countries and the measurement of the rates and cases of MNM and the associated factors were found in recent years in the analysis of the co-occurrence of terms. Conclusion There was an increase in the production of original articles on MNM, with a significant participation of authors and institutions from LMICs, which reveals a growing interest in the use of MNM indicators to improve the quality of maternal health care.

ABSTRACT Objective : To evaluate the Peruvian scientific production on Helicobacter pylori. Materials and methods : Bibliometric analysis of original articles published until September 8, 2020, in journals indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO. Bibliometric indicators were obtained. Likewise, analysis of the co-citation of authors and co-occurrence of terms with the terms included in the title and the abstract of publications was performed. Results : Data from 180 original articles were analyzed. An increase in the number of articles on H. pylori was found (R2 = 0.64, an average annual growth rate of 8.01%). A total of 777 authors were identified, with an average number of articles per author of 0.18, and a collaboration index of 5.64. The average number of citations per original article was 1.91. The Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia was the institution with the highest number of original articles (63.2%). The analysis of co-occurrence of terms found terms related to gastric cancer during the whole study period and, for recent years, terms related to the treatment of H. pylori infection and water sources. Conclusion : There is an increase in Peruvian production in original articles on H. pylori. In recent years, the study of the eradication of H. pylori and the transmission of the agent from water sources have been topics of interest.

RESUMEN Objetivo : Evaluar la producción científica peruana sobre Helicobacter pylori. Materiales y métodos : Análisis bibliométrico de artículos originales publicados hasta el 8 de setiembre de 2020 en revistas indexadas en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS y SciELO. Se obtuvieron indicadores bibliométricos. Asimismo, se realizó un análisis de la co-citación de autores y co- ocurrencia de términos con los términos incluidos en el título y el resumen de las publicaciones. Resultados : Se analizaron datos de 180 artículos originales. Se encontró un aumento en el número de artículos sobre H. pylori (R2 = 0,64, una tasa de crecimiento anual promedio de 8,01%). Se identificaron un total de 777 autores, con una media de artículos por autor de 0,18 y un índice de colaboración de 5,64. El número medio de citas por artículo original fue de 1,91. La Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia fue la institución con mayor número de artículos originales (63,2%). El análisis de co-ocurrencia de términos encontró términos relacionados con el cáncer gástrico durante todo el período de estudio y, en los últimos años, términos relacionados con el tratamiento de la infección por H. pylori y fuentes de agua. Conclusión : Existe un aumento en la producción peruana de artículos originales sobre H. pylori. En los últimos años, el estudio de la erradicación de H. pylori y la transmisión del agente desde fuentes de agua han sido temas de interés.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effect of the Rural and Marginal Urban Health Service (SERUMS) on the physicians’ perception of work in the primary health care (PHC) setting and its associated factors. Materials and methods: A secondary data analysis of a sample of physicians who performed the SERUMS in 2016 was carried out. To evaluate the variable of interest, the scale “Perception of work in the PHC setting” was used, higher scores indicated a negative perception of work in the PHC setting. A baseline survey (before the SERUMS) and a follow-up survey (8-12 months after starting the SERUMS) were applied and differences in both scores were evaluated. Results: Of the 780 respondents, 215 (27.6%) completed the baseline and follow-up survey. The average score increased considerably (from 3.4 to 6.7; p < 0.001), which shows a negative perception of work in the PHC setting after participating in the SERUMS. Of the three parts of the survey, the one regarding perceptions by the physicians working in the PHC and the one about perceptions of medical work in the PHC setting increased the perception scores. No sociodemographic variables were found to be associated with the change in scores. Conclusions: Physicians’ perception about work in the PHC setting deteriorated after participating in the SERUMS. Therefore, strategies to encourage physicians’ interest in working at this level of healthcare should be promoted.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de los médicos que realizan el Servicio Rural y Urbano Marginal de Salud (SERUMS) en Perú sobre el trabajo en el primer nivel de atención (PNA) y sus factores asociados. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de datos de una muestra de médicos que realizaron el SERUMS el 2016. Para evaluar la variable de interés se utilizó la escala de «Percepción sobre el trabajo en el PNA», cuyos puntajes más altos indican una peor percepción del trabajo en el PNA. Se aplicó una encuesta basal (antes del SERUMS) y una encuesta de seguimiento (8-12 meses de iniciado el SERUMS) y se evaluaron las diferencias en los puntajes. Resultados: De los 780 encuestados, 215 (27,6%) completaron la encuesta basal y de seguimiento. La media del puntaje incrementó considerablemente (de 3,4 a 6,7; p < 0,001), lo que indica una peor percepción del trabajo en el PNA tras iniciar el SERUMS. De los tres dominios de la encuesta, el de las percepciones sobre el médico que trabaja en el PNA y el de las percepciones sobre el trabajo asistencial en el PNA incrementaron los puntajes de percepción sobre el trabajo en el PNA. No se encontraron variables sociodemográficas asociadas al cambio en los puntajes. Conclusiones: La percepción de los médicos sobre el trabajo en el PNA se deteriora luego de iniciar el SERUMS. Se deben promover estrategias que incentiven el interés de los médicos en este nivel de atención.

ABSTRACT The Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) of the Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) has completed seven brief reports by means of rapid reviews of evidence regarding the potentially effective therapies against SARS-CoV-2 in order to provide current and relevant information for decision makers, clinicians, researchers and the academic community in Peru. The therapeutic agents evaluated were chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, oseltamivir, interferon, atazanavir and anti SARS-CoV-2 serum. Evidence identification included the review of PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Additionally, manual search was carried out on websites from groups dedicated to research and education on health, as well as in the main specialized societies or institutions, such as, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Furthermore, in order to reduce publication bias, the websites: www.clinicaltrials.gov and http://apps.who.int/trialsearch were searched to identify in-progress or unpublished clinical trials. Finally, a "snowball" strategy was performed by reviewing the reference lists of the systematic reviews, primary studies and selected narrative reviews to identify relevant information. The latest review (March 27, 2020) showed that there is no evidence to recommend any medication for patients´ treatment with COVID-19. More evidence, preferably high-quality randomized clinical trials, is needed for decision-making against SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) ha desarrollado siete informes breves mediante revisiones rápidas de evidencia sobre los agentes potencialmente terapéuticos contra el SARS-CoV-2 con la finalidad de brindar información actual y relevante para los decisores, clínicos, investigadores y la comunidad académica en el Perú. Los agentes terapéuticos evaluados incluyeron cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, oseltamivir, interferón, atazanavir y plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2. La identificación de evidencia incluyó la revisión de las bases electrónicas PubMed y Cochrane Library. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda manual en las páginas web de grupos dedicados a la investigación y educación en salud, así como, en las principales sociedades o instituciones especializadas, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés). Asimismo, para disminuir el sesgo de publicación, se buscó en las páginas web www.clinicaltrials.gov y http://apps.who.int/trialsearch, para identificar ensayos clínicos en desarrollo o que no hayan sido publicados aún. Finalmente, se consideró extraer información con una estrategia de «bola de nieve» mediante la revisión de las listas de referencias de las revisiones sistemáticas, estudios primarios y revisiones narrativas que sean de relevancia. A la fecha de la última revisión (27 de marzo de 2020), no se dispone de evidencia para recomendar un medicamento específico para el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. Se necesita de mayor evidencia, preferentemente ensayos clínicos de buena calidad, para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas contra el SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT The Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) of the Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) has completed seven brief reports by means of rapid reviews of evidence regarding the potentially effective therapies against SARS-CoV-2 in order to provide current and relevant information for decision makers, clinicians, researchers and the academic community in Peru. The therapeutic agents evaluated were chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, oseltamivir, interferon, atazanavir and anti SARS-CoV-2 serum. Evidence identification included the review of PubMed and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Additionally, manual search was carried out on websites from groups dedicated to research and education on health, as well as in the main specialized societies or institutions, such as, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Furthermore, in order to reduce publication bias, the websites: www.clinicaltrials.gov and http://apps.who.int/trialsearch were searched to identify in-progress or unpublished clinical trials. Finally, a "snowball" strategy was performed by reviewing the reference lists of the systematic reviews, primary studies and selected narrative reviews to identify relevant information. The latest review (March 27, 2020) showed that there is no evidence to recommend any medication for patients´ treatment with COVID-19. More evidence, preferably high-quality randomized clinical trials, is needed for decision-making against SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMEN El Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) ha desarrollado siete informes breves mediante revisiones rápidas de evidencia sobre los agentes potencialmente terapéuticos contra el SARS-CoV-2 con la finalidad de brindar información actual y relevante para los decisores, clínicos, investigadores y la comunidad académica en el Perú. Los agentes terapéuticos evaluados incluyeron cloroquina/hidroxicloroquina, lopinavir/ritonavir, tocilizumab, oseltamivir, interferón, atazanavir y plasma anti-SARS-CoV-2. La identificación de evidencia incluyó la revisión de las bases electrónicas PubMed y Cochrane Library. Adicionalmente, se realizó una búsqueda manual en las páginas web de grupos dedicados a la investigación y educación en salud, así como, en las principales sociedades o instituciones especializadas, como la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés). Asimismo, para disminuir el sesgo de publicación, se buscó en las páginas web www.clinicaltrials.gov y http://apps.who.int/trialsearch, para identificar ensayos clínicos en desarrollo o que no hayan sido publicados aún. Finalmente, se consideró extraer información con una estrategia de «bola de nieve» mediante la revisión de las listas de referencias de las revisiones sistemáticas, estudios primarios y revisiones narrativas que sean de relevancia. A la fecha de la última revisión (27 de marzo de 2020), no se dispone de evidencia para recomendar un medicamento específico para el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. Se necesita de mayor evidencia, preferentemente ensayos clínicos de buena calidad, para la toma de decisiones terapéuticas contra el SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract Objetives: To estimate the association between having knowledge about cervical cancer (CC) and having a Pap test (PAP) in Peruvian women over 30 years old. Materials and Methods: A secondary analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey of the years 2015 to 2017 was carried out. The level of knowledge was evaluated using the questions, do you think that cancer can be prevented?, Have you ever heard of CC?, Have you ever heard of human papillomavirus (HPV)? And do you think HPV can cause CC? The dependent variable was the realization of a PAP in the last two years. To estimate the association, generalized linear models of the raw and adjusted Poisson family were used. The measure of association was the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with its respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Data from 21 563 women were analyzed. The prevalence of having performed a PAP in the last two years was 52.4%. It was found that, those who responded that cancer can be prevented (aPR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17), who had heard of CC (aPR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.14-1 , 40) or HPV (aPR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13-1.28) or who responded that HPV could cause CC (aPR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11-1.33) had a higher prevalence of having performed a PAP in the last two years. Conclusions: Having knowledge about CC and HPV has been associated with having performed a PAP in the last two years.

Resumen Objetivos: Estimar la asociación entre tener conocimientos acerca del cáncer de cuello uterino (CaCu) y re alizarse una prueba de Papanicolaou (PAP) en mujeres peruanas mayores de 30 años. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar de los años 2015 al 2017. El nivel conocimiento fue evaluado utilizando las preguntas: ¿considera usted que el cáncer se puede prevenir?, ¿alguna vez ha oído hablar del CaCu?, ¿alguna vez ha oído hablar del virus del papiloma humano (VPH)? y ¿considera que el VPH puede causar CaCu? La variable dependiente fue la realización de un PAP en los dos últimos años. Para estimar la asociación se utilizaron modelos lineales generalizados de la familia Poisson crudos y ajustados. La medida de asociación fue la razón de prevalencia ajustada (RPa) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 21 563 mujeres. La prevalencia de haberse realizado un PAP en los últimos dos años fue 52,4%. Se encontró que, quienes respondieron que se puede prevenir el cáncer (RPa = 1,09; IC 95%: 1,01-1,17), que habían oído hablar del CaCu (RPa = 1,27; IC 95%: 1,14-1,40) o del VPH (RPa = 1,20; IC 95%:1,13-1,28) o que respondieron que el VPH podía causar CaCu (RPa = 1,21; IC 95%: 1,11 1,33) tuvieron una mayor prevalencia de haberse realizado un PAP en los últimos dos años. Conclusiones: Tener conocimientos sobre CaCu y VPH se asoció con haberse realizado un PAP en los últimos dos años.