RESUMO A Educação Física Escolar é analisada como um Direito Humano nas Bases Curriculares da Educação Básica no Chile. A metodología escolhida é a hermenéutica/dialética aplicado a 2 corpus: Bases Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Física e Saúde e o marco jurídico dos Direitos Humanos, através de: análise documental, análise indutiva de conteúdo. Conclui-se que a educação física escolar pode constituir um direito humano, devido à sua defesa da dignidade, da não discriminação, do respeito pela diversidade, entre outros. No entanto, no processo de desenho do currículo, os Direitos Humanos perdem sua presença nas Bases Curriculares Nacionais, devido à circunstância política de seu enunciado e à falta de uma Abordagem Baseada nos Direitos Humanos (ABDH).

ABSTRACT School Physical Education is analyzed as a Human Right in the Curriculum Foundations for Primary Education in Chile. A hermeneutical/dialectical methodology is applied in 2 text corpus - National Curriculum Foundations for both Physical Education and Health and the legal framework of Human Rights - to which they are applied: document-like strategy, inductive content analysis. It is concluded that School Physical Education could constitute a human right, for his defense of the dignity, non-discrimination, and respect to diversity, among other categories. However, in the curriculum design process, Human Rights lose their presence in the National Curricular Bases, due to the political circumstance of their enunciation and the lack of a Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA).

RESUMEN Resumen Se analiza la Educación Física Escolar como un Derecho Humano en las Bases Curriculares de Educación Básica en Chile. Se utiliza una metodología hermenéutica/dialéctica en 2 corpus -Bases Curriculares Nacionales de Educación Física y Salud y marco jurídico de Derechos Humanos- mediante una estrategia documental y un análisis de contenido inductivo. Se concluye que la Educación Física Escolar podría constituir un Derecho Humano, por su defensa de la dignidad, no discriminación, respeto a la diversidad, entre otros. Sin embargo, en el proceso de diseño curricular los Derechos Humanos pierden la presencia que poseen en las Bases Curriculares Nacionales, debido a la circunstancia política de su enunciación y a la carencia de un Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos (EBDH).

ABSTRACT Lifestyle behaviours among women who take care of their home duties (housewives) and women who are currently working in paid employment is unknown in the Chilean population. The aim of this study was, therefore, to characterise adiposity, lifestyle behaviours and physical activity levels in housewives and women with paid employment in Chile. A total of 2,231 women from the National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this study. Adiposity markers (body weight, body mass index and waist circumference), lifestyle behaviors and physical activity were measured using self-reported questionnaires. The main findings of this study was that housewives had a higher body mass index (27,9 vs. 20,0 kg/m2, p<0,0001) and waist circumference (98,3 vs. 95,6 cm, p<0,0001) than women with paid-employment. Physical activity levels were lower (transport PA 42,5 vs. 51,5 min/day, p= 0,009, moderate PA 94,2 vs. 128,4 min/ day, p<0,0001 and vigorous PA 25,06 vs. 53,49 min/day, p<0,0001) and sedentary-related behaviours (2,71 vs. 3,26 hours/day, p<0,0001) were higher in housewives compare to women with paid-employment. Dietary behaviors showed that housewives consume less alcohol (30,5 vs. 43,2 g/day, p= 0,021) than women with paid-employment.

RESUMEN En Chile existe escasa evidencia en relación a las características de los estilos de vida en mujeres dueñas de casa versus mujeres con trabajos renumerados. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar marcadores de adiposidad, hábitos de consumo asociados a estilos de vida y nivel de actividad física (AF) en mujeres dueñas de casa y trabajadoras remuneradas chilenas. Se compararon variables de adiposidad como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), peso corporal, perímetro de cintura (PC), estilos de vida y niveles de AF (transporte, moderada y vigorosa intensidad y tiempo sedente) de 2.232 participantes de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010. Las dueñas de casa, en comparación con las trabajadoras renumeradas, presentaron un mayor IMC (27,9 vs. 20,0 kg/m2, p<0,0001) y PC (98,3 vs. 95,6 cm, p<0,0001). El tiempo destinado a la práctica de AF de trasporte (42,5 vs. 51,5 min/día, p= 0,009), moderada (94,2 vs. 128,4 min/día, p<0,0001) y vigorosa (25,06 vs. 53,49 min/día, p<0,0001) fue menor en dueñas de casa que en trabajadoras renumeradas. Por el contrario, las dueñas de casa destinaron menor tiempo al desarrollo de actividades sedentes (2,71 vs. 3,26 horas/día, p<0,0001), además mostraron un menor consumo de alcohol (30,5 vs. 43,2 g/día, p= 0,021) en comparación a trabajadoras renumeradas.

Abstract The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of a Small Sided Games (SSG) extracurricular program based on football in the self-determined motivation and state of flow. The program lasted 11 weeks and 47 adolescents from Playa Ancha (Valparaiso, Chile) (15.57 ± .72 years). A quasi-experimental design pre-post test was used with a control group. In order to evaluate the motivation, the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) was used, and, to analyze the flow, the Flow State Scale was used (FSS). The results obtained indicated positive effects of the program on intrinsic regulation, introjected regulation, amotivation, the perception of the challenge-skill balance, the distortion of time and the autotelic experience. These data suggest that sports participation in extracurricular hours could have a positive impact on self-determined motivation and the state of flow, improving the experience of physical-sporting practice in the school context.

Resumen El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar los efectos de un programa extraescolar de Small Sided Games (SSGs) basado en el fútbol sobre la motivación autodeterminada y el estado de flow. El programa tuvo una duración de 11 semanas y participaron 47 adolescentes varones del sector de Playa Ancha (Valparaíso, Chile) (15.57 ± .72 años). Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental pre-post test con un grupo control. Para evaluar la motivación se utilizó el Cuestionario de Regulación de la Conducta en el Ejercicio (BREQ-3) y para analizar el estado de flow se utilizó la Escala de Estado de Flow (FSS). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron efectos positivos del programa sobre la regulación intrínseca, la regulación introyectada, la desmotivación, la percepción del equilibrio reto-habilidad, la distorsión del tiempo y la experiencia autotélica. Estos datos sugieren que la participación deportiva en horario extraescolar podría incidir positivamente en la motivación autodeterminada y el estado de flow, mejorando la experiencia de práctica físico-deportiva en el contexto escolar.

Background: The regular practice of physical activity contributes to weight control and improves maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), socialization and quality of life. Aim: To determine the effect of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on body composition and VO2max in a group of overweight school-age males. Material and Methods: We studied fifty-five overweight males aged 15.6 ± 0.7 years. Participants were divided in two groups (experimental and control groups). The intervention in the experimental group was the practice of small-sided games during 60 minutes, two days per week and during 11 weeks. At baseline and the end of the intervention, body composition was measured using bioimpedance and VO2max was calculated using the Course Navette test. Results: A 7% reduction in the percentage of body fat and a 9% increase in VO2max were observed in the experimental group (p < 0.01). No changes were recorded in the control group. Conclusions: Eleven weeks of small-sided exercises performed twice per week increased VO2max and reduced fat mass in overweight adolescents.