Resumo: O considerável aumento no consumo de produtos frescos da horticultura intensificou a importância da adoção de inovações tecnológicas na agricultura, em especial no cultivo em Sistema de Plantio Direto de Hortaliças (SPDH). Porém, há dificuldade em encontrar e adotar tecnologias de custo compatível com o tamanho e faturamento das propriedades. Dessa forma, desenvolveu-se este estudo com o objetivo de identificar tecnologias existentes e as condicionantes de adoção de inovação tecnológica no cultivo de hortaliças em SPDH. Realizado mediante revisão sistemática da literatura, do tipo integrativa, a partir das bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science, no período temporal 2009-2019, envolveu análise bibliométrica e de conteúdo do portfólio selecionado. Para tanto, adotou-se o método de análise PRISMA. Dessa busca, 94 artigos foram selecionados para estudo aprofundado, do qual conclui-se que a inovação no desenvolvimento da agricultura no ramo de hortaliças diminui a necessidade de mão de obra, possibilita estabelecer um padrão de produção, aumenta a produtividade e a oferta de produtos com sabor e qualidade exigidos pelas normas. Também proporciona melhora na qualidade de vida dos agricultores. Entretanto, para o SPDH se tornar mais efetivo, necessita-se algumas adaptações tecnológicas. Uma lista de tecnologias e critérios avaliados para sua adoção foi compilada e organizada, auxiliando a estruturação de novas pesquisas no tema e o acesso ao conhecimento específico para agricultores interessados em inovação tecnológica para suas propriedades.

Abstract: The considerable increase in the consumption of fresh horticultural products has intensified the importance of adopting technological innovations in agriculture, especially in the cultivation in a direct planting system for vegetables (SPDH). However, it is difficult to find and adopt technologies at a cost compatible with the size and revenue of the properties. In this way, a study was developed with the objective of identifying existing technologies and the conditions for the adoption of technological innovation in the cultivation of vegetables in SPDH. Carried out through a systematic review of the literature in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, in the period 2009-2019, it involved bibliometric and content analysis of the selected portfolio. For this purpose, the PRISMA analysis method was adopted. From this search, 94 articles were selected for in-depth study, from which it is concluded that innovation in the development of agriculture in the field of vegetables reduces the need for labor, makes it possible to establish a production standard, increase productivity and the supply of products with taste and quality required by the standards. It also improves the quality of life of farmers. However, for the SPDH to become more effective, some technological adaptations are needed. A list of technologies and criteria evaluated for their adoption was compiled and organized, helping the structuring of new research on the subject and access to specific knowledge for farmers interested in technological innovation for their properties.

Abstract The present study aimed to investigate the response of soybean cultivars with different susceptibility levels to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica at varied time intervals by analyzing the initial plant–nematode interaction using antioxidant enzymes as oxidative stress markers. A 4 × 4 × 2 factorial method with 5 repetitions was used to analyze 4 soybean cultivars at 4 different collection times—6, 12, 24, and 48 h—with and without M. javanica inoculation. The parameters evaluated were the activities of antioxidant enzymes phenol peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA); and the number of M. javanica juveniles penetrated into each plant. H2O2 concentration varied among the cultivars with and without inoculation and at different collection times as indicated by MDA concentration and POX and APX activities, demonstrating a rapid response of the host to an infection by M. javanica. Oxidative stress caused by M. javanica did not vary among the soybean cultivars regardless of their susceptibility level; however, the antioxidant enzymes POX and APX responded according to the susceptibility level of the cultivars.

Abstract Weeds can be hosts of root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. The importance of the species Meloidogyne morocciensis parasitizing many crops is recognized, but their reproductive capacity in weeds is not known. The present study hypothesizes the ability of M. morocciensis to parasitize and reproduce in different weed species found in Brazil. The objective was to evaluate the reproduction of M. morocciensis in 36 weed species. The plants were individually inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second stage juveniles and kept in greenhouse for 60 days. The experimental design was completely randomized with twelve replications. The root system of each plant was evaluated for gall index (GI), final nematode population (PF), number of nematode/g of root (NNGR) and reproduction factor (RF). It was verified that M. morocciensis has the capacity to parasite 36 weed species belonging to 16 different botanical families, confirming the hypothesis proposed. From the 36 species evaluated, 77.8% (28) were susceptible (FR ≥ 1.0) to M. morocciensis. The present study is the first to identify different weeds as hosts of M. morocciensis, evidencing its polyphagous habit, indicating species of plants with high capacity to multiply this nematode and that need more attention during the integrated management of these pathogen.

Abstract Meloidogyne javanica is among the most important nematodes that damage soybean, and although genetic resistance is the ideal control measure, there are few cultivars described as resistant among those recommended for southern Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of soybean cultivars to M. javanica. The inoculum of nematodes (Est. J3) was obtained from soybean plants and inoculated into tomato plants cultivar “Santa Cruz”. Thirty-seven soybean cultivars widely used in the South, Southeast and Midwest of Brazil were used in the experiment. For each plant a suspension of 5,000 eggs + juveniles of second stage of M. javanica was inoculated into a sterile soil hole in 2-liter pots with six replications. The evaluation of root weight, number of galls, number of nematodes was 60 days after M. javanica inoculation. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and the averages of each treatment were compared to each other by the Scott-Knott cluster test at 5% probability. Even though M. javanica presented RF> 1.00 in all soybean genotypes tested, different levels of susceptibility were observed. Thus, the lowest reproduction of the root-knot nematode was observed in M 5947 IPRO, HO AMAMBAY IPRO, BMX GARRA IPRO and FPS ATALANTA.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da técnica de breath stacking (BS) associada à fisioterapia de rotina na função pulmonar, volumes pulmonares, pressões respiratórias máximas, sinais vitais, oxigenação periférica, mobilidade toracoabdominal e dor na incisão cirúrgica em pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta, bem como analisar a segurança do BS. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado com 34 pacientes divididos em grupo controle (n = 16), que realizou apenas a fisioterapia convencional, e grupo BS (n = 18), que realizou a fisioterapia convencional e BS. Ambos os grupos realizaram duas sessões diárias desde o 2º dia do pós-operatório até a alta hospitalar. Os desfechos primários foram CVF e Vt. A segurança do BS foi avaliada pela incidência de repercussões gastrointestinais, hemodinâmicas e respiratórias. Resultados: Embora a CVF tenha aumentado significativamente no momento da alta hospitalar em ambos os grupos, o efeito foi maior no grupo BS. Aumentos significativos do VEF1, VEF1/CVF, PFE e FEF25-75% ocorreram apenas no grupo BS. Também houve aumentos significativos do Ve e do Vt no grupo BS, mas não em comparação com os valores do grupo controle no momento da alta. A PImáx e a PEmáx aumentaram significativamente em ambos os grupos, com efeito maior no grupo BS. Houve uma diminuição significativa da FR e um aumento significativo da SpO2 apenas no grupo BS. A SpO2 aumentou agudamente após o BS; entretanto, não foram observadas alterações no grau de dispneia, sinais vitais e sinais de desconforto respiratório, e não foram observadas repercussões gastrointestinais e hemodinâmicas. Conclusões: O BS mostrou-se seguro e eficaz na recuperação da função pulmonar; melhoria dos volumes pulmonares, pressões respiratórias máximas e oxigenação periférica; e redução do trabalho respiratório no pós-operatório de cirurgia abdominal alta.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of the association of the breath stacking (BS) technique associated with routine physiotherapy on pulmonary function, lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, vital signs, peripheral oxygenation, thoracoabdominal mobility, and pain in the surgical incision in patients submitted to upper abdominal surgery during the postoperative period, as well as to analyze BS safety. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial involving 34 patients divided into a control group (CG; n = 16), who underwent conventional physiotherapy only, and the BS group (BSG; n = 18), who underwent conventional physiotherapy and BS. Both groups performed two daily sessions from postoperative day 2 until hospital discharge. The primary outcomes were FVC and Vt. The safety of BS was assessed by the incidence of gastrointestinal, hemodynamic, and respiratory repercussions. Results: Although FVC significantly increased at hospital discharge in both groups, the effect was greater on the BSG. Significant increases in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and FEF25-75% occurred only in the BSG. There were also significant increases in Ve and Vt in the BSG, but not when compared with the CG values at discharge. MIP and MEP significantly increased in both groups, with a greater effect on the BSG. There was a significant decrease in RR, as well as a significant increase in SpO2 only in the BSG. SpO2 acutely increased after BS; however, no changes were observed in the degree of dyspnea, vital signs, or signs of respiratory distress, and no gastrointestinal and hemodynamic repercussions were observed. Conclusions: BS has proven to be safe and effective for recovering pulmonary function; improving lung volumes, maximum respiratory pressures, and peripheral oxygenation; and reducing respiratory work during the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery.

SUMMARY Thls study almed to evaluate the reaction of s¡x grapevine rootstocks (MGT 101-14, Rltcher 110, Paulsen 1103, K 5BB, SO4, Salt creek) and two cultivars (Quebranta and Torontel) to three specles of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne Incógnita, M. arenarla and M.hapla). The experlment was performed as a completely randomlzed deslgn wlth an 8 x 3 factorial scheme and six replicates per treatment. The experimental unit in each replicate comprised a grapevine cutting planted in 3 kg bags with sterilized soil. Cuttings were inoculated with 5000 eggs + juveniles (J2) of M. Incógnita, M. arenarla and M. hapla. Six months after inoculation, plants were removed from the bags, and the reaction was determined by evaluating the number of galls (NG), number of nematodes per gram of root (NNGR), and reproduction factor (RF). The evaluated rootstocks, MGT 101-14, Ritcher 110, Paulsen 1103, K 5BB, SO4 and Salt Creek, were resistant to M. Incógnita, M. arenarla and M. hapla, except for Salt creek, which was susceptible to the latter. The Quebranta and Torontel cultivars were susceptible to the Meloidogyne species under study.

RESUMEN El presente estudio se realizó para evaluar la reacción de seis portainjertos (MGT 101-14, Ritcher 110, Paulsen 1103, K 5BB, SO4, Salt creek) y dos cultivares de vid (Quebranta y Torontel) a tres especies del nematodo de la agalla (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. hapla). El experimento se realizó con un diseño completamente al azar con un esquema factorial de 8 x 3 y seis repeticiones por tratamiento. La unidad experimental en cada repetición estuvo constituida por una estaca de vid plantada en bolsas de 3 kg con sustrato esterilizado. Se inocularon las estacas con 5000 huevos + juveniles (J2) de M. incógnita, M. arenaria y M. hapla. Seis meses después de la inoculación, las plantas se extrajeron de las bolsas y la reacción se determinó evaluando el número de agallas (NA), el número de nematodos por gramo de raíz (NNGR) y el factor de reproducción (FR). Los portainjertos evaluados, MGT 101-14, Ritcher 110, Paulsen 1103, K 5BB, SO4 y Salt Creek, fueron resistentes a M. incógnita, M. arenaria y M. hapla, excepto Salt creek, que fue susceptible a este último. Los cultivares Quebranta y Torontel fueron susceptibles a las especies de Meloidogyne en estudio.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the longitudinal distance between a cutting disc and a fertilizer furrow opener on the operational performance of the furrow opener working at different forward speeds during soil mobilization. The soil in the experimental area was classified as Typic Hapludalf with a loam soil texture. The experiment involved 24 treatment combinations in a 2 × 3 × 4 factorial scheme. These combinations were formed by the interaction of the following factors: furrow opening mechanisms, longitudinal distance from the center of the cutting mechanism to center of the furrow opener, and forward speeds. The effects of the tools on the soil mobilization variables were characterized in three phases: analysis of the natural profile and elevation and mobilization of the soil using a microprofilometer. A statistical analysis of variance was performed on the acquired data and the significance of the factors was verified using an F test. The furrow opener factor significantly substantially influenced all variables, whereas the distance significantly modified only the soil swelling and elevated soil area, with a reduction of approximately 30% in this variable when separating the mechanisms by an additional meter. Likewise, for a hoe furrow opener, the speed significantly influenced only the maximum depth of the furrow. Hence, we recommend the installation of fertilizer furrow openers close to the cutting mechanisms to increase the quality of the furrows produced in seeding operations using the direct planting system.

Abstract The effect of initial population density (Pi) of the peanut root-knot nematode, Melodoigyne arenaria, on curly leaf parsley growth was assessed in this study. The population densities of M. arenaria ranged from 0 to 64 eggs + second-stage juveniles (J2)/cm3 soil in sterile sandbags. The root gall index (RGI), reproduction factor (RF), fresh leaf weight (FLW), dry leaf weight (DLW), root fresh weight (RFW), root length (RL), leaf height (LH), and chlorophyll index (SPAD) were determined at 90 days after inoculation. FLW, DLW, RFW, LH, and SPAD data were fitted to the Seinhorst equation, y = m + (1 - m) zPi-T, to determine the tolerance limit T = 0.25 eggs +J2/cm3 soil for FLW, DLW, RFW, and LH, with relative means (m) of 0.52, 0.24, 0.22, and 0.4 respectively; conversely, the T value for SPAD was 0.125 eggs + J2/cm3 soil and with a m of 0.26. All biometric variables decreased with an increase in the initial population density (Pi). Nevertheless, the highest RF of M. arenaria in parsley was 78.92 for a Pi = 8 eggs + J2/cm3 soil, with an RGI value of 5 from Pi = 1 eggs + J2/cm3. Curly leaf parsley growth decreased with an increase in Pi of M. arenaria.

Resumen Se realizó él estudió del efecto de poblaciones crecientes (Pi) del nematodo de la agalla Melodoigyne arenaria en el cultivo de perejil crespo, que oscilaron entre 0 y 64 huevos + juveniles del segundo estadio (J2) /cm3 de suelo en bolsas com suelo estéril. A los 90 días después de la inoculación, se determinó, índice de agallamiento (IA), factor de reproducción (FR), peso fresco follaje (PFF), peso seco follaje (PSF), peso fresco raíz (PFR), longitud de raíz (LR) altura foliar (AF) e índice de clorofila (SPAD). Los datos de PFF, PSF, PFR, AF y SPAD se sometieron a la ecuación de Seinhorst, y = m+(1-m) zPi-T, que permitió determinar el límite de tolerancia T = 0.25 huevos +J2/cm3 de suelo para PFF, PSF, PFR y AF, con promedios relativos (m) de 0.52; 0.24; 0.22 y 0.4 respectivamente; por otro lado, el valor de T para SPAD fue de 0.125 huevos+J2/cm3 de suelo y con un m de 0.26. Todas las variables biométricas decrecen al incremento de las poblaciones iniciales (Pi). Asimismo, el mayor FR de M. arenaria en perejil es 78.92 para la Pi = 8 huevos +J2/cm3 de suelo, con un valor de IA de 5 a partir de Pi = 1 huevos+J2/cm3. Conforme se incrementa las Pi de M. arenaria el cultivo de perejil crespo reduce su crecimiento.

RESUMO A buva (Conyza bonariensis L.) é umas das principais plantas daninhas dos sistemas de cultivos conservacionistas, especialmente por sua evolução à resistência ao herbicida glyphosate. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar a resposta de Conyza bonariensis suscetível (S) e resistente (R) ao glyphosate em diferentes estádios a herbicidas alternativos e avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes destes biótipos. Dois estudos foram realizados e repetidos, sendo o primeiro em casa de vegetação em esquema fatorial 2x3x10, sendo A: biótipos de buva (S e R); B: estádios de desenvolvimento (I (1-2 folhas), II (5-6 folhas) e III (30-35 folhas)) e C: herbicidas (glyphosate, chlorimuron-etílico, metsulfuron-methyl, diclosulam, amônio-glufosinato, paraquat, paraquat+diuron, diquat, 2,4-D além de testemunha não aplicada).O segundo estudo foi desenvolvido em laboratório, realizando-se avaliações do potencial fisiológico das sementes, a partir do por peso de mil sementes (PMS), germinação (G), primeira contagem da germinação (PG), índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e emergência (IVE), comprimento da parte aérea (CPA), raiz (CR) e total (CT), matéria seca da parte aérea (MSPA), raízes (MSR) e total (MST), testes de frio e envelhecimento acelerado. O biótipo CR foi eficientemente controlado pelos herbicidas alternativos ao glyphosate, utilizados até o estádio de 6 folhas. As sementes do biótipo CR apresentaram desempenho fisiológico superior em todas as variáveis analisadas, com maior tolerância a condições adversas em seu estabelecimento. O manejo de buva resistente a glyphosate demanda a utilização de estratégias que visem evitar a produção de novas sementes.

ABSTRACT Hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis L.) is a major weed of the conventional crop systems. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to assess the responses of glyphosate-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) C. bonariensis at various developmental stages and evaluate the physiological potential of seeds to propose alternative herbicides for the control of this weed. Two experiments were performed in replicates. The first experiment was performed in a greenhouse, arranged in a 2 x 3 x 10 factorial design. Specifically, two hairy fleabane biotypes (S and R) at different developmental stages (I, II, and III) were subjected to various treatments (glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, metsulfuron-methyl, diclosulam, ammonium glufosinate, paraquat, paraquat+diuron, diquat, 2,4-D, and control). Percentage control was evaluated at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after the application of the treatments (DAT), and shoot dry mass (SDM) was measured at 28 DAT. The second experiment was performed in a laboratory to evaluate the physiological potential of seeds based on the weight of 1000 seeds (TSW); shoot length (SL), radicle length (RL), total length (TL), fresh seedling mass (FSM), dry seedling mass (DSM), accelerated aging (AA) and cold test (CT), and germination (G) in response to cold and accelerated aging. The alternative herbicides tested effectively controlled biotype R up to the stage -I. Seeds of biotype R showed higher physiological potential in terms of all analyzed variables and exhibited greater tolerance to adverse conditions during seedling establishment. Therefore, strategies for the management of glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane should aim at preventing new seed production.

Abstract Nowadays, the concept of high entropy alloys (HEAs) has expanded the limits of metallurgy and high-quality metallurgical HEAs ingots have already been successfully obtained on an industrial scale. High Chromium Cast Irons (HCCI) and Multi-Component Cast Irons (MCCI) are known to be a useful material for applications when abrasion resistance is required. Inspired by the concepts of high-entropy alloys, a base HCCI was modified, by adding other carbide-forming elements, at concentrations higher than what is currently used, in order to develop a new class of white cast iron, High Entropy White Cast Iron (HEWCI). The characterization of carbides precipitated during the HEWCI solidification was performed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron backscattered diffraction (SEM/EDS/EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). With the characterization techniques employed, the as-cast microstructure obtained of HEWCI is composed of approximately 50% of austenite matrix and 50% of different types of carbides, MC, M7C3 and M2C carbides.

ABSTRACT Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an important crop in Peru and is negatively affected by the knot nematode. This studio's objective is to evaluate the reaction of three pepper varieties (Papri King, Papri Queen, and Bell pepper cv. 'Yolo Wonder') to Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. hapla. The experimental design was completely randomized into three pepper varieties and three Meloidogyne spp. with six replicates. The peppers were maintained in a plastic shade house, cultivated in polyethylene bags with 4 kg of sterilized sand, which were inoculated with 5000 eggs and juveniles (J2). At 90 days after inoculation, leaf height (LH), root length (RL), dry leaf weight (DLW), fresh root weight (FRW), chlorophyll index (SPAD), root gall index (RGI), and reproduction factor (RF) were evaluated. The results showed that all pepper varieties were susceptible to M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. hapla. LH, RL, DLW, FRW, and SPAD all indicated a decrease in pepper growth and development, with the highest reduction, observed in the presence of M. incognita, followed by M. arenaria and M. hapla.

RESUMEN El pimiento (Capsicum annuum) es un cultivo importante en Perú y se ve afectado por el nematodo agallador. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la reacción de tres variedades de pimiento (Papri King, Papri Queen y Bell pepper cv. "Yolo Wonder") a Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita y M. hapla. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar en tres variedades de pi miento y tres especies Meloidogyne spp. con seis réplicas. Los pimientos se mantuvieron en un espacio con sombra de plástico, cultivados en bolsas de polietileno con 4 kg de arena esterilizada, que se inocularon con 5000 huevos y juveniles (J2). 90 días después de la inoculación se evaluó la altura de hoja (AH), longitud de raíz (LR), peso de hoja seca (PHS), peso de raíz fresca (PRF), índice de clorofila (SPAD), índice de agallas de raíz (IG) y factor de reproducción (FR). Los resultados mostraron que todas las variedades de pimiento eran susceptibles a M. incognita, M. arenaria y M. hapla. AH, LR, PHS, PRF y SPAD indicaron una disminución en el crecimiento y desarrollo del pimiento, con la mayor reducción observada en presencia de M. incognita, seguido de M. arenaria y M. hapla.

ABSTRACT Chlorophylls and carotenoids are the main photosynthetic pigments in plants, and photosynthetic potential can be used to determine the nitrogen fixation or cycling capacity of cover crops. Therefore, this study quantified and compared the content of photosynthetic pigments in Raphanus sativus and Vicia sativa by using two different methods, namely the extraction method and measurements with a portable chlorophyll meter, and determined whether the results of these two methods showed a significant correlation. Photosynthetic pigments were measured, using both methods, in a greenhouse and laboratory, at four developmental stages: the vegetative stages I (30 days after sowing [DAS]), II (60DAS), and III (90DAS), and the reproductive stage (150DAS). The determination of the photosynthetic pigment content in R. sativus and V. sativa, obtained from the extraction method and chlorophyll index, revealed significant differences depending on the developmental stage in both species. Furthermore, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids determined using the extraction method showed high coefficients of correlation with the total chlorophyll index determined using the portable chlorophyll meter. Therefore, the portable chlorophyll meter can be used for the accurate evaluation of the photosynthetic potential of Raphanus sativus and Vicia sativa, which also saves time and reagents.

Abstract Currently, the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) at Peru does not have studies related to the reaction of Meloidogyne spp. This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of five quinoa cultivars (‘Salcedo INIA’, ‘Choclito’, ‘Huariponcho’, ‘Negra Collana’, and ‘Kcancolla’) to Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, and Meloidogyne hapla. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomized design, with five quinoa cultivars and three species of Meloidogyne spp. with six repetitions. Quinoa plants were kept in a mesh house and placed in polyethylene bags with 3,000 dm³of sterile soil inoculated with 5,000 eggs + juveniles (J2). After 90 days of inoculation, the number of nematodes per gram of root, number of galls, and the reproduction factor (final population/initial population) were determined. All quinoa cultivars were susceptible to M. incognita and resistant to M. arenaria and M. hapla, except for ‘Negra Collana’, which was susceptible to M. arenaria, and ‘Salcedo INIA’’ and ‘Huariponcho’, susceptible to M. hapla.

Resumen Actualmente el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) en el Perú, no cuenta con estudios relacionados a la reacción de Meloidogyne spp. La investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la reacción de cultivares de quinua (‘Salcedo INIA’, ‘Choclito’, ‘Huariponcho’, ‘Negra Collana’ y ‘Kcancolla’) a Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne arenaria y Meloidogyne hapla. Las plantas de quinua se manejaron en casa malla y fueron colocadas en bolsas de polietileno con 3.000 dm³ de suelo estéril, los cuales fueron inoculados con 5.000 huevos + juveniles (J2). Después de los 90 días de la inoculación, se determinó el número de nematodos por gramo de raíz, número de agallas y factor de reproducción (población final / población inicial). Todos los cultivares de quinua son clasificados como susceptibles a M. incognita, resistentes a M. arenaria y M. hapla a excepción de Negra Collana siendo considerado susceptible a M. arenaria, asimismo, ‘Salcedo INIA’ y ‘Huariponcho’ son considerados susceptibles a M. hapla.

Resumen El sobrepeso y la obesidad presentan causas multifactoriales y su control y/o adhesión al tratamiento nutricional pueden estar relacionados con las estrategias de afrontamiento y la autoeficacia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y autoeficacia entre mujeres que estaban en atención nutricional en un servicio-escuela interdisciplinario. Método: Se trata de una investigación descriptiva y correlacional, de abordaje cuantitativo y corte transversal, de la cual participaron 24 mujeres adultas con sobrepeso y obesidad, que respondieron al Cuestionario en Datos Sociodemográficos y Clínicos; Weigth Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnarie (WEL Bellace, 2005; Clark et al., 1991); y Escala Modos de Enfrentamiento de problemas (Seidl, Trócolli, & Zannon, 2001). Resultados: Los análisis descriptivos indicaron mayores medias en el afrontamiento enfocado en el problema, mayor autoeficacia frente a actividades positivas y menor autoeficacia en resistir al alimento frente a emociones negativas. También hubo asociación negativa entre focalización en la emoción y emociones negativas, incomodidad física y presión social. Discusión y Conclusión: Se destaca la importancia de la promoción de estrategias de afrontamiento que propicien mayor percepción de autoeficacia, con el objetivo de promover mayor adhesión al tratamiento y mantenimiento de ganancias.

Abstract Overweight and obesity include multifactorial causes and their control and/or nutritional treatment may be related to coping strategies and self-efficacy. Objective: In this sense, the aim of this study was investigate a relationship between coping strategies and self-efficacy among women who are in nutritional care in an interdisciplinary school service. Method: The study has a cross-sectional descriptive and quantitative character, involving 24 overweight or obese adult women, who answered the Socio-demographic and Clinical Data Questionnaire, Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire (WEL Bellace, 2005; Clark et al., 1991) and the Ways of Coping Checklist (Seidl, Trócolli, & Zannon, 2001). Results: Descriptive analyzes indicated higher means in problem-focused coping, higher self-efficacy in relation to positive activities and less self-efficacy in resisting food in the face of negative emotions. The use of problem-focused strategies was positively associated with all variables of self-efficacy (WEL), the emotion-focused coping was negatively related to self-efficacy in face to negative emotions, physical discomfort and social pressure. Discussion and Conclusion: The data highlight the importance of promoting coping strategies that improve self-efficacy perception, in order to promote greater adherence to treatment and maintenance of gains.

Resumen O sobrepeso e a obesidade apresentam causa multifatorial e seu controle e adesão ao tratamento nutricional podem estar relacionados com as estratégias de enfrentamento e a autoeficácia. Objetivo: Frente a isto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação entre estratégias de enfrentamento e a autoeficácia em mulheres que estavam em atendimento nutricional em um serviço-escola interdisciplinar. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e correlacional, de abordagem quantitativa e corte transversal, do qual participaram 24 mulheres adultas com sobrepeso ou obesidade, as quais responderam ao Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e Clínicos, ao Weigth Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnarie WEL (Bellace, 2005; Clark et al., 1991) e a Escala de Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas (Seidl, Trócolli, & Zannon, 2001). Resultados: As análises descritivas indicaram maiores médias de enfrentamento focado no problema, maior autoeficácia frente a atividades positivas e menor autoeficácia em resistir ao alimento frente a emoções negativas. Também houve associação negativa entre enfrentamento focado na emoção e emoções negativas, incomodo físico e pressão social. Discussão e Conclusão: Destaca-se a importância de promoção de estratégias de enfrentamento que propiciem maior percepção de autoeficácia, com o objetivo de promover maior adesão ao tratamento e manutenção de conquistas.

ABSTRACT Faced with the increasing demand for renewable energy, researchers have developed several ways to generate them, such as biogas. Thus, the present study aims to demonstrate the economic viability of electricity generation from biodigesters in a pig farm to contribute to sustainable development by reducing pollution in the environment. Studies focused on biomass derived from pig waste are still scarce. Moreover, one of the motivations of the present study is the fact that Brazil is a major producer and exporter of pig meat, with most of the production taking place in the south and southeast regions. The methodology used is defined as exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and applied. The scientific procedures were documentary and bibliographic research, case study, and cost analysis. An economic management model was developed using financial management instruments such as cash flow, internal rate of return, and simple and discounted payback, confirming the economic viability of the investment made for generating energy from animal biomass produced in a pig farm located in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul.