Resumen Introducción: El cáncer de mama (CaMa) es el tipo de cáncer con una alta tasa de mortalidad y su diagnóstico oportuno, permitiría una mayor probabilidad de sobrevivencia. Actualmente hay diversos procedimientos para su detección, sin embargo, una posible alternativa no invasiva mediante la detección de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (COV) en el aliento (exhalómica) de las pacientes se está explorando. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática (hasta junio de 2022) de publicaciones sobre la detección mediante cromatografía de gases de COV en el aliento de mujeres con mama sana, con lesiones benignas o invasoras y en líneas celulares, para buscar potenciales oncometabolitos. Resultados: Existe una gran heterogeneidad de COV (principalmente alcanos) en las pacientes analizadas, además de diferencias entre las distintas poblaciones. Discusión: Aun cuando hay detección de COV exhalados, es necesario un mayor número de estudios. De manera interesante, un grupo de COV son compartidos con otros tipos de cáncer. Conclusiones: Al momento, no se conoce el perfil de COV exhalados asociados con certeza al paciente de CaMa.

Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BrCa) present a highest mortality rate, and its early diagnosis could improve the survival of the patient. At present, there are leading tests used for BrCa detection, but a novel alternative, non-invasive test, such as breath analysis (exhalomic) of volatile organic compounds (VOC) are being taken into consideration. Methods: A systematic review (until June 2022) about VOC detection from breath by using gas chromatography was performed. The goal was to identify probable oncometabolites in the gas sample from healthy breast tissue women, benign or malignant lesions, and including cultured cell lines. Results: There are a complex heterogeneity of exhaled VOC mainly alkanes in the analyzed samples, and between the different populations. Discussion: Even when exhaled VOC are detected, some more works should be performed to have conclusions. Interestingly some VOC are shared with other cancer types. Conclusions: Nowadays, there is no specific BrCa VOC-profile associated for BrCa or benign lesions diagnosis.

ABSTRACT This short-term study evaluated the effect of non-lethal high CO2 concentration on the transcriptional response of immune-related genes of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). Two experimental groups were created: high CO2 (47.67±2.04 mg L−1) and low CO2 (2.0±1.93 mg L−1). Shrimp of 8.85±1.20 g were placed randomly at a density equivalent to 100 individuals m−3 and were monitored at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h. The transcriptional response of immune-related genes was analyzed by qPCR. Gene expression of hemocyanin, prophenoloxidase, and heat shock protein 60 was downregulated at 24 h, suggesting affectations on oxygen transportation, melanization, and protein functioning of L. vannamei under high CO2 concentrations. Also, gene up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide- and β-glucan-binding protein and cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase can impair the bacterial recognition and antioxidant defense of shrimp exposed to high CO2 concentrations. These results suggest that concentration at about 47 mg L−1 of CO2 can significantly influence the transcriptional response modulation of immune-related genes.

RESUMO A cebola é a terceira hortaliça em importância econômica para o Brasil, sendo superada apenas pela batata e o tomate, e responde com aumento de produção ao uso de adubos orgânico e mineral. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de esterco bovino e nitrogênio sobre o crescimento e rendimento da cebola. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2 correspondente a seis doses de esterco bovino (0; 10; 20; 30; 40 e 50 t ha-1), na presença e ausência do nitrogênio, em quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: massa verde e seca da parte aérea, produtividades total e comercial de bulbos, percentagem de bulbos classificados e teor de N foliar. Houve efeito interativo (p ≤ 0,05) das doses de esterco bovino e nitrogênio sobre a massa verde e seca da parte aérea, produtividades total e comercial, para a classificação de bulbos de acordo com o diâmetro transversal e o teor de N em bulbos de cebola. A dose ótima para produtividade comercial de bulbos é de 27 t ha-1 de esterco bovino na presença de nitrogênio.

ABSTRACT Onion is the third vegetable crop in economic importance for Brazil, only behind potato and tomato, and responds with increased production to the use of organic and mineral fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses of cattle manure and nitrogen (N) on onion growth and yield. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in 6 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to six doses of cattle manure (0; 10; 20; 30; 40 and 50 t ha-1), in the presence and absence of N, with four repetitions. The variables studied were: shoot fresh and dry masses, total and marketable bulb yields, percentage of bulbs classified and leaf N content. There was an interactive effect (p ≤ 0.05) of cattle manure and N doses on shoot fresh and dry masses, total and marketable yields, classification of bulbs according to transverse diameter and N concentration in onion bulbs. The optimal dose for marketable yield of bulbs is 27 t ha-1 of cattle manure in the presence of N.

Abstract: Stable isotopes have been widely used in the literature both to discuss current ocean circulation processes, as well as to reconstitute paleoceanographic parameters. The distribution of oxygen and deuterium stable isotopes in seawater (δ18Osw and δDsw) at the Western Tropical South Atlantic border was investigated to better understand the main fractionation processes of these isotopes and establish a regional salinity and δ18Osw relation to improve the paleoceanographic knowledge in the region. This study was conducted during a quasi-synoptic oceanographic cruise in which 98 discrete seawater samples were collected in the core of the main water masses for stable isotope analysis. A strong correlation between δ18Osw and δD was found, which made it possible to extrapolate the results for δ18Osw to δD. Although it was not possible to distinguish the water masses based only on their isotopic signatures, the water masses had a strong salinity and δ18Osw relation, and compared with previous studies, a seasonal pattern was observed. Paleosalinity differences of up to 0.2 psu between Summer and Winter are reported. Considering the limitations of the current techniques to seasonally separate the samples for the paleoceanographic studies, an intermediate Mixing Line for the Tropical South Atlantic (SSS = 1.942* δ18Osw + 34.56) was proposed to reduce the estimated errors associated with these seasonal variations.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se eupafolina e hispidulina, flavonas extraídas do Eupatorium littorale Cabrera, Asteraceae, possuíam a capacidade de alterar propriedades das membranas biológicas e promover efeitos citotóxicos. Eupafolina (50-200 µM) reduziu em aproximadamente 30% a velocidade e amplitude do inchamento mitocondrial induzido por valinomicina e 60-100% o inchamento mitocondrial dependente de substrato. Além disso, eupafolina na dose de 200 µM reduziu a transição de permeabilidade mitocondrial em 35% entretanto, a hispidulina não alterou este parâmetro em todas as doses testadas. A avaliação da transição de fase dos lipossomas de DMPC com a sonda DPH demonstrou que ambas as flavonas afetam a fase gel e fluida. Quando lipossomas de membranas mitocondriais e a sonda DPH-PA foram utilizados, houve aumento da polarização de fluorescência promovido pela hispidulina. Eupafolina e hispidulina, na dose de 100 µM, promoveram 40% de redução da viabilidade de células HeLa em 24 h. Nossos resultados sugerem que eupafolina e hispidulina têm efeitos citotóxicos que podem ser explicados em parte pelas alterações promovidas por estas flavonas sobre propriedades de membranas biológicas e sobre a bioenergética mitocondrial.

The aim of this study was to determine whether eupafolin and hispidulin, flavones extracted from Eupatorium littorale Cabrera, Asteraceae, have the ability to change properties of biological membranes and promote cytotoxic effects. Eupafolin (50-200 µM) decreased approximately 30% the rate and total amplitude of valinomycin induced swelling and 60-100% the energy-dependent mitochondrial swelling. Moreover, eupafolin (200 µM) reduced 35% the mitochondrial permeability transition, and hispidulin did not change this parameter in any of the doses tested. The evaluation of phase transition of DMPC liposomes with the probe DPH demonstrated that hispidulin and eupafolin affect gel and fluid phase. With mitochondrial membrane as model, hispidulin increased the polarization of fluorescence when used DPH-PA probe. Eupafolin and hispidulin (100 µM) promoted a reduction of 40% in cellular viability of HeLa cells in 24 h. Our results suggest that eupafolin and hispidulin have cytotoxic effects that can be explained, in part, by alterations promoted on biological membranes properties and mitochondrial bioenergetics.

After myocardial infarction (MI), activation of the immune system and inflammatory mechanisms, among others, can lead to ventricular remodeling and heart failure (HF). The interaction between these systemic alterations and corresponding changes in the heart has not been extensively examined in the setting of chronic ischemia. The main purpose of this study was to investigate alterations in cardiac gene and systemic cytokine profile in mice with post-ischemic HF. Plasma was tested for IgM and IgG anti-heart reactive repertoire and inflammatory cytokines. Heart samples were assayed for gene expression by analyzing hybridization to AECOM 32k mouse microarrays. Ischemic HF significantly increased the levels of total serum IgM (by 5.2-fold) and total IgG (by 3.6-fold) associated with a relatively high content of anti-heart specificity. A comparable increase was observed in the levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β (3.8X) and TNF-α (6.0X). IFN-γ was also increased by 3.1-fold in the MI group. However, IL-4 and IL-10 were not significantly different between the MI and sham-operated groups. Chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8 were 1.4- and 13-fold increased, respectively, in the plasma of infarcted mice. We identified 2079 well annotated unigenes that were significantly regulated by post-ischemic HF. Complement activation and immune response were among the most up-regulated processes. Interestingly, 21 of the 101 quantified unigenes involved in the inflammatory response were significantly up-regulated and none were down-regulated. These data indicate that post-ischemic heart remodeling is accompanied by immune-mediated mechanisms that act both systemically and locally.