ABSTRACT In 2019, more than 90% of the world’s population was living in places where pollutant concentrations exceeded the air-quality guidelines. Anthropogenic activity has been the main cause of climate change in the last 20 years, especially in urban centres where industrial activities and motorized traffic mainly occur. This article presents a study of air pollutant dispersion by computational fluid dynamics modelling using OpenFOAM for urban street canyon simulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vegetation on natural ventilation, dispersion and CO2 mitigation. The behavior of pollutants was modeled by the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) and the k − ε fluid turbulence model. The results indicate that aerodynamic effects are more important at lower pollutant wind velocities, as they reduce turbulent dispersion and allow a higher reduction in the concentration of air pollutants. In addition, the direction of the wind, relative to the main axis of the street, had a significant impact on the results found. In general, in the presence of trees, perpendicular winds can lead to higher concentration of pollutants, while parallel winds allow improve air quality, considerably reducing those pollutant concentrations.

ABSTRACT The use of coconut coir dust is a low-cost cultivation practice. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effect of coconut coir dust proportion on foliar secondary metabolite biosynthesis and growth of Passiflora alata Curtis (sweet passion fruit). This Passiflora species possess pharmaceutical relevance and the use of organic-based substrates may promote the production of bioactive compounds in the phytomass. An experiment in a greenhouse was set up with three proportions of coir dust mixed with a commercial substrate for seedlings (CSS) (peat-based) (S1= 1:1:1, CSS: sand: coconut coir dust; S2= 1.5:1.5:1, CSS: sand: coconut coir dust and S3= 1:1, sand: CSS) in seven replicates. After 68 days, growth parameters were measured (height, leaf area, number of leaves, stem diameter, and dry matter), and the harvested leaves were used to prepare ethanolic extracts. The total antioxidant activity and production of phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and saponins were assessed. Unexpectedly, the coir dust supply did not favor the growth and production of secondary metabolites, as the best results were observed in plants grown in S3. Moreover, S3 is efficient in optimizing the growth, metabolite content, and antioxidant capacity of P. alata foliar extracts dispensing coir dust supplementation in the substrate. Therefore, adding coir to CSS is not recommended to enhance the production of secondary metabolites and the growth of P. alata seedlings.

RESUMO O uso de pó de coco é uma prática de cultivo de baixo custo. Por isso, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi definir o efeito da proporção de pó de coco para aumentar a biossíntese de metabólitos secundários foliares e o crescimento de Passiflora alata Curtis (maracujazeiro-doce). Essa Passiflora possui relevância farmacêutica e o uso de substratos orgânicos pode promover o aumento da produção de compostos bioativos na fitomassa. Um experimento foi conduzido com três proporções de pó de coco em substrato comercial para mudas (SCM) (à base de turfa) (S1= 1:1, SCM: areia: pó de coco; S2= 1,5 :1,5:1 , SCM: areia: pó de coco e S3= 1:1, areia: SCM), em sete repetições. Após 68 dias, parâmetros de crescimento foram avaliados (altura, área foliar, número de folhas, diâmetro do caule e matéria seca) e as folhas utilizadas para preparar os extratos etanólicos. Com esses extratos, foi avaliada a atividade antioxidante total e a produção de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, proantocianidinas e saponinas. A adição de pó de coco e substrato comercial para mudas não favoreceu o crescimento e a produção de metabólitos secundários, pois os melhores resultados foram observados em plantas cultivadas apenas em S3. Além disso, esse mesmo substrato foi eficiente para otimizar o crescimento, os teores de metabólitos e a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos foliares de P. alata, dispensando a suplementação de pó de coco no substrato. Portanto, a adição de pó de coco no SCM não é recomendada para aumentar a produção de metabólitos secundários e o crescimento de mudas de P. alata.

Abstract This study aimed to develop a protocol for the cryopreservation of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans semen. For this, mature males were hormonally induced with a single dose of carp pituitary extract (5 mg/kg body weight). Semen was collected and evaluated. Two cryoprotectants were tested to compose the diluents: dimethyl acetamide (DMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO), in two concentrations (8% and 10%), + 5.0% glucose + 10% egg yolk. The semen was diluted in a 1: 4 ratio (semen: extender), packed in 0.5 mL straws and frozen in a dry shipper container in liquid nitrogen vapors. After thawing, sperm kinetics, sperm morphology and DNA integrity of cryopreserved sperm were evaluated. Pseudoplatystoma corruscans males produced semen with sperm motility > 80%. After thawing, all treatments provided semen with total sperm motility > 40%, with no significant difference (P < 0.05) between them, as well as between the other sperm kinetic parameters evaluated. The treatments with DMA provided a smaller fragmentation of the DNA of the gametes. Sperm malformations were identified in both fresh and cryopreserved semen, with a slight increase in these malformations being identified in sperm from thawed P. corruscans semen samples.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um protocolo para a criopreservação do sêmen de Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Para tal, machos maduros foram induzidos hormonalmente com uma dose única de extrato de hipófise de carpa (5 mg/kg de peso vivo). O sêmen foi coletado e avaliado. Sendo testados para compor os diluentes, dois crioprotetores: dimetil acetamida (DMA) e dimetil sulfóxido (Me2SO), em duas concentrações (8% e 10%), + 5,0% glicose + 10% gema de ovo. O sêmen foi diluído na proporção 1: 4 (sêmen: extensor), embalado em palhetas de 0,5 mL e congelado em container dryshipper em vapores de nitrogênio líquido. Após o descongelamento, foram avaliados os aspectos cinéticos espermáticos, a morfologia espermática e a integridade do DNA dos espermatozoides criopreservados. Os machos de P. corruscans produziram sêmen com motilidade espermática > 80%. Todos os tratamentos proporcionaram após o descongelamento sêmen com motilidade espermática total > 40%, sem diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre eles, como também entre os demais parâmetros cinéticos espermáticos avaliados. Os tratamentos com DMA proporcionaram uma menor fragmentação do DNA dos gametas. Malformações espermáticas foram identificadas, tanto no sêmen fresco, como no criopreservado, sendo identificado um aumento discreto dessas malformações nos espermatozoides das amostras de sêmen descongeladas de P. corruscans.

ABSTRACT Objective: Analyze craving in smokers with cardiovascular comorbidities submitted to a nutritional approach. Methods: Two groups were randomized and submitted to clinical intervention (n = 32): Group 1 (G1, n = 15): ingested 40 g of chocolate containing 70% cocoa/day and behavioral intervention for smoking cessation for one month; Group 2 (G2, n = 17): control group, only behavioral intervention. Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief) - Brazil version measured total craving and its factors. Anthropometric measurements verified the nutritional interference of the procedure and the serum assessment verified the interference of inflammatory processes related to smoking. The study was registered on the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC): RBR-83jr3. Results: After one month, compared to the initial evaluation, the G1 reduced the craving evaluated by the QSU-Brief and its Factors 1 and 2. Total QSU-Brief: 44.27 ± 15.82 x 27.00 ± 18.03 (p = 0.008); Factor 1: 21.90 ± 7.70 x 12.90 ± 8.87 (p = 0.006); Factor 2: 11.90 ± 6.30 x 7.00 ± 6.63 (0.007). G2 showed a reduction in total QSU-Brief and Factor 1, but not in Factor 2. QSU-Brief total 28.17 ± 17.24 x 19.52 ± 9.50 (p = 0.049); Factor 1: 14.47 ± 8.74 x 9.23 ± 6.11 (p = 0.046). Serum levels of cortisol, leptin, serotonin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and insulin did not show differences (p > 0.05). No anthropometric differences were found. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that daily consumption of chocolate for one month (70%) reduced craving in smokers at the beginning of treatment. Chocolate potentiated the well-known effect of behavioral counseling on Factor 1 (pleasurable drug effects) and also interfered with factor 2 (unpleasant withdrawal effects).

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o craving em fumantes com comorbidades cardiovasculares submetidos a uma abordagem nutricional. Métodos: Intervenção clínica (n = 32) com dois grupos randomizados: Grupo 1 (G1, n = 15): recebendo 40 g de chocolate contendo 70% de cacau/dia e intervenção comportamental para cessação do tabagismo por um mês; Grupo 2 (G2, n = 17): grupo controle, recebendo apenas intervenção comportamental pelo mesmo período. O Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief) – versão Brasil foi utilizado para avaliar o craving. As medidas antropométricas verificaram a interferência nutricional do procedimento e a avaliação sérica, a interferência de processos inflamatórios relacionados ao tabagismo. O estudo foi registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC), RBR-83jr3. Resultados: Um mês depois, comparado à avaliação inicial, o G1 reduziu o craving total e seus fatores (1 e 2). QSU-Brief total: 44,27 ± 15,82 x 27,00 ± 18,03 (p = 0,008); Fator 1: 21,90 ± 7,70 x 12,90 ± 8,87 (p = 0,006); Fator 2: 11,90 ± 6,30 x 7,00 ± 6,63 (0,007). G2: redução no QSU-Brief total e Fator 1, mas não no Fator 2. QSU-Brief total 28,17 ± 17,24 x 19,52 ± 9,50 (p = 0,049); Fator 1: 14,47 ± 8,74 x 9,23 ± 6,11 (p = 0,046). Níveis séricos de cortisol, leptina, serotonina, proteína C-reativa (PCR) e insulina não apresentaram diferenças (p > 0,05). Não foram encontradas diferenças antropométricas significativas. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que o consumo diário de chocolate por um mês (70%) reduziu o craving em fumantes no início do tratamento. O chocolate potencializou o conhecido efeito do aconselhamento comportamental sobre o Fator 1 (efeitos prazerosos da droga) e também interferiu no fator 2 (efeitos desagradáveis da abstinência).

Abstract The leaf crown borer Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) is an important pest of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) and other palms (Arecaceae) of economic importance, attacking the base of leaves, inflorescences, and infructescences, increasing fruit abortion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial correlation of the infestation rate of E. cyparissias in coconut plantation blocks in the Brazilian Amazon, from January to December 2019, in the city of Santa Izabel, Pará, Brazil. The study area is a farm subdivided into 157 blocks of a commercial plantation of the green dwarf coconut. The Local Moran’s Index was used to evaluate the existence of spatial autocorrelation of the E. cyparissias infestation rate in the 157 blocks with neighboring blocks. The infestation rate was calculated by the ratio between the number of plants attacked by the borer and the total number of plants in a block. There is a significant correlation of the symptomatology of the attack by E. cyparissias in the blocks of the experimental area, which indicates an aggregated pattern of distribution. There is no significant correlation between the attack by the borer and the age of the coconut tree; however there is a significant correlation between the attack by the borer and proximity to forest areas. These results indicate that forest regions are foci of infestation by the borer in coconut plantations.

Resumo A broca-da-coroa-foliar Eupalamides cyparissias (Cramer, 1775) é um importante praga para as culturas do coqueiro (Cocos nucifera Linnaeus) e outras palmeiras (Areacaceae) de importância econômica, atacando a base de folhas, inflorescências e infrutescências acarretando o aumento do abortamento de frutos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a distribuição espacial da taxa de plantas com sintomas de ataque por E. cyparissias das quadras de plantio de coqueiro na Amazônia brasileira, de janeiro a dezembro de 2019, no município de Santa Izabel, Pará, Brasil. A área de estudo é uma fazenda subdividida em 157 quadras de plantio comercial de coqueiro anão verde (C. nucifera). O Índice de Moran Local foi utilizado para avaliar a existência de autocorrelação espacial da variável sintomatologia do ataque de E. cyparissias das 157 quadras com as quadras vizinhas. Há correlação significativa da sintomatologia do ataque por E. cyparissias nas quadras da área experimental, o que indica um padrão de distribuição agregado. Não há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e idade do coqueiro, no entanto há correlação significativa entre o ataque pela broca e proximidade a áreas de mata. Esses resultados indicam que regiões de floresta são focos de infestação pela broca em plantios de coqueiro.

Abstract Cattle ranching is the primary land-use of deforested areas in the Brazilian Amazon. Deforestation precedes pasture establishment, implying tremendous amounts of greenhouse gas emissions caused by carbon stock losses. Despite several studies addressing carbon storage in forests, there is a lack of data regarding cultivated pastures. Hence, the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions associated with land-use change becomes uncertain. In this study, we assessed the carbon stock of cultivated pastures located in Rondônia, southwestern Brazilian Amazon. A total of 50 squared plots of 1 m² were randomly allocated in cattle ranching farms covered by Oxisols (Dystrophic Yellow and Dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosols). Carbon fraction ranged from 0.36 for belowground biomass to 0.45 gC.g-1 d.m. for aboveground biomass. The average total carbon stock was 5.17 MgC.ha-1, with non-significant differences when stratifying data by soil types. Considering data from the III Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gases, our results suggested that land-use change from primary forests to cultivated pastures resulted in a loss of 192.54 MgC.ha-1, which corresponds to a net emission of 705.98 MgCO2eq.ha-1 to the atmosphere. This study provides valuable information to improve the Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gases.

Abstract The Seis Lagos Carbonatite Complex hosts a lateritic deposit developed over a siderite carbonatite. In the 1980’s, it was estimated to contain 2.89 Bt @ 2.81 wt% Nb2O5. Recent studies have produced new data allowing re-evaluation of the area’s mineral potential. In this work, a geological model has been constructed and new estimates of grades and tonnages are presented. The volume of cavities that occur in the lateritic crust is still unknown, and it was then segmented in possible scenarios ranging from 0 to 63%, impacting estimates of tonnage. The estimations were divided into two domains that vary according to the available data. In Domain 1, it has been estimated between 10.5-28.3 Mt @ 2.97 wt% Nb2O5 and 0.71 wt% REE2O3, and in Domain 2, between 1.40-3.78 Bt @ 1.17 wt% Nb2O5 and 0.46 wt% REE2O3. High grades of Ti, Sn and W were also detected for the lateritic crust. It is estimated that sediments in the Esperança Basin contain 11.8 Mt @ 1.76 wt% REE2O3 and 2.36 wt% P2O5, whereas the siderite carbonatite shows high grades of Nb, REE, Sc and Zn, further increasing the area’s mineral potential. Soil grids on neighboring hills do not show similarly high Nb grades, but do present high grades of REE and P.

Abstract Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the leading cause of canine pyoderma. Honeybee products are common to treat this and other types of infections. High average annual population loss of bees has been observed. This study evaluated antibacterial and antibiofilm profile of Green Propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia against S. pseudintermedius and the chemical similarities among both. Ethanolic extracts were produced and chemically characterized. The isolates were subjected to treatment with the extracts in both planktonic and sessile forms. Green propolis minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.156 mg / mL, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.312mg / mL. Baccharis dracunculifolia extract MIC and MBC was 0.312mg / mL and 2.5 mg / mL, respectivelly. Both extracts reduced SD55 formation of biofilm at minimum inhibitory concentration and at 1/8 minimum inhibitory concentration. The results observed in relation to ED99, were similar for both extracts. Besides that, similar chemical indicators between both extracts, including the presence of Artepellin C, suggest that the Baccharis dracunculifolia extract could be an alternative to the Green Propolis extract in the treatment of staph infections.

Resumo Ensaios práticos de enzimas para detectar contaminação subletal de peixes neotropicais são da maior importância. Assim, ensaiamos a atividade da glutationa S-transferase (GST) em citosóis de fígado e de rim de Piaractus mesopotamicus injetados com metilparation ou benzo[a]pireno usando 1-cloro-2,4-dinitrobenzeno (CDNB), o substrato usual para ensaiar uma denominada atividade geral de GST. Desde que para indicar alterações na atividade de uma isoenzima, é necessário o substrato mais reativo, também usamos dois substratos alternativos, o 1,2-dicloro-4-nitrobenzeno (DCNB) e o ácido etacrínico (ETHA). As atividades com CDNB ou ETHA não mudaram. Entretanto, ensaios com DCNB mostraram que metilparation decresceu a atividade de GST no fígado em 24, 48 e 96 horas depois da injeção. O DCNB também revelou que sete dias depois da injeção de benzo[a]pireno a atividade da GST aumentou no fígado, normalizando depois de 14 dias. Benzo[a]pireno, mas não metilparation, aumentou as atividades com DCNB no citosol dos rins sete e 14 dias depois da injeção. Assim, uma atividade de GST ensaiada com DCNB diminuída no fígado correspondeu à contaminação de P. mesopotamicus com metilparation. O aumento dessa atividade de GST no fígado e nos rins está correlacionada com contaminação do pacu por hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos.

Abstract Functional enzyme assays to detect sublethal poisoning of Neotropical fish are paramount. Accordingly, we assayed a glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in liver and kidney cytosols from Piaractus mesopotamicus injected with methyl parathion or benzo[a]pyrene using the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), which is the usual substrate for assaying a known general activity of GST. Since the most reactive substrate is required to reveal specific changes in enzyme activity, we also used two alternative substrates, 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) and ethacrynic acid (ETHA). Activities with CDNB or ETHA did not change. However, assays with DCNB showed that methyl parathion caused a decrease in GST activity in the liver on the 24th, 48th and 96th hour after the injection. DCNB also revealed that GST activity in the liver increased seven days after benzo[a]pyrene injection, coming down to normal after fourteen days. Benzo[a]pyrene, but not methyl parathion, increased the activities with DCNB in cytosol from the kidney seven and fourteen days after the injection. Thus, a decreased liver GST activity assayed with DCNB corresponded to contamination of P. mesopotamicus with methyl parathion. The increase of this GST activity in the liver and the kidney correlates to pacu contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do ácido abscísico (ABA) nas trocas gasosas e na atividade de enzimas antioxidantes de mudas de Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms sob deficiência hídrica e sua influência no potencial de recuperação das mudas. O experimento foi conduzido com quatro tratamentos, sendo eles irrigação diária ou restrição hídrica sem e com 10 μM ABA. As mudas sob déficit hídrico + ABA apresentaram maior ajuste à seca e ao serem re-irrigadas restabeleceram o metabolismo fotossintético e o potencial hídrico. O ABA minimizou a redução do metabolismo fotossintético e do potencial da água na folha, porém, não aumentou a atividade antioxidante de mudas de O. arborea sob déficit hídrico. Esses resultados sugerem que esta espécie apresenta plasticidade fisiológica, o que lhe permite sobreviver em ambientes sujeitos a déficit hídrico temporário, independente da suplementação de ABA. Sugerimos que outras doses de ABA sejam avaliadas para ampliar os efeitos benéficos do ABA sobre esta espécie.

Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on gas exchange and the activity of antioxidant enzymes of Ormosia arborea (Vell.) Harms seedlings under water deficit and its influence on the recovery potential of the seedlings. The experiment was conducted using four treatments, being daily irrigation or water restriction without and with 10 μM ABA. Seedlings under water deficit + ABA showed greater adjustment to drought, and when re-irrigated, they restored photosynthetic metabolism and water potential. ABA minimizes the reduction in the photosynthetic metabolism and water potential of the leaf, however, it does not increase the antioxidant activity of the O. arborea seedlings under water deficit. These results suggest that this species exhibits plasticity, which enables it to survive also in environments subjected to temporary water deficit regardless of the supplementation of ABA. We suggest that other doses of ABA be researched to expand the beneficial effect of ABA on this species.

Abstract Aim: To investigate the effects of caffeine (CAF) ingestion on anaerobic work capacity (AWC) and muscular endurance in the bench press exercise at predictive intensities equivalent to 20, 25, and 30% of 1RM. Methods: Thirteen males (age: 23 ± 3 years; body mass 83.5 ± 4.9 kg; height 172.8 ± 5.0 cm and 1RM 82 ± 24 kg) had their 1RM test evaluated in the bench press exercise and the time until failure was performed at intensities equivalent to 20%, 25%, and 30% of 1RM to CAF (350mg) or placebo (PLA, cellulose). AWC was measured from the linear equation: “Force = Critical Force + (AWC x 1/timeout)”. Results: CAF enhanced the time until failure at 20% of 1RM (PLA = 202.6 ± 29.1s; CAF = 243.2 ± 20.6s), but there was no ergogenic effect at 25% (PLA = 188.8 ± 23.5 s; CAF = 195.6 ± 27.1 s), and 30% (PLA = 147.4 ± 15.8 s; CAF = 145.4 ± 14.8 s). AWC in CAF was lower than PLA (PLA = 6378.0 ± 1214.9 J; CAF = 3246.4 ± 1389.7 J; p = 0.03; Effect size = 0.88). Critical Force (N) was not different between treatments PLA 29.97 ± 11.54% of 1RM and CAF 3.74 ± 3.69% of 1 RM (p=0.47; Effect size= 0.28). Conclusion: Acute CAF intake (350mg) reduces the AWC and increases the time until failure at 20% of 1 RM, but not Critical Force and muscular endurance at 25% and 30% of 1 RM in the bench press.

Abstract In this work we propose a new method to separate iron losses by removing low frequency tests and reducing the number of experiments. The article deals with methodologies that use numerical methods to find the mathematical model coefficients of magnetic loss separation in hysteresis loss (Wh), eddy current loss (Wed) and excess loss (Wex). Three methodologies are presented and depend on experimental tests such as (i) varying magnetic induction Bm and constant supply frequency (f) of 50 Hz, (ii) constant magnetic induction around 1 T and varying frequency. The first methodology is based on Newton’s method to solve the numerical system generated with experimental data from two laboratory experiments. These data were reported in past references. Another two methodologies are based on genetic algorithms (GA). One of them depends on experimental data from both experiments and the another depends on experimental data only from experiment (i). Results indicate that genetic algorithms method presents excellent solutions in comparison with other ones. The GA method with two tests allows a better representation of the experimental behavior of the sample with maximum errors varying from 1.10% to 0.20%. In GA method with one test, minimization varied from 6.924 × 10−05 to 3.186 × 10−05.

RESUMO A pustulose palmoplantar (PPP) é uma doença crónica e recorrente das palmas e plantas, que tende a ser díficil de tratar. Classicamente era descrita como um subtipo de psoríase. Actualmente é considerada uma entidade distinta, embora psoríase em placas afecte concomitantemente muitos doentes com PPP. Uma relação entre dermite de contacto alérgica (DCA) e PPP já foi descrita, e a primeira acarreta um potencial de perpeptuar a última. Aqui descrevemos dois casos de pustulose plantar de tratamento díficil. Subjacente à natureza refractária da dermatose, encontrava-se uma sensitização alergénica ao dicromato de potássio e ao cloreto de cobalto. Sapatos e palmilhas de cabedal eram comumente usadas pelas doentes, e ambos os alergénios referidos são utilizados na indústria do cabedal. Remissão clínica foi atingida em ambos os casos com evicção alergénica. O testes epicutâneos devem ser considerados em casos de PPP refractários ao tratamento. Se for demonstrada sensibilização relevante, medidas de evicção alergénica são obrigatórias.

ABSTRACT Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic and relapsing disease of the palms and soles, which tends to be difficult to treat. Classically it was described as a subtype of psoriasis. Nowadays it is regarded as a separate entity, although plaque-type psoriasis affects concomitantly many patients with PPP. A link between allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and PPP has been described, and the former may encompass a potential to perpetuate the latter. Hereby we report two cases of difficult to treat plantar pustulosis. Underneath the dermatosis’s refractive nature was an allergic sensitization to potassium dichromate and cobalt chloride. Leather shoes and leather insoles were commonly worn, and both allergens are employed by the leather industry. Clinical remission was achieved in both cases with allergen eviction. Patch testing must be considered in cases of PPP without response to treatment. If relevant sensitization is found, allergen eviction measures are mandatory.

RESUMO Os padrões de atividade diária são elementos importantes do comportamento das espécies que refletem como elas interagem com seu ambiente e com outras espécies relacionadas. Investigar esses padrões é crucial para entender como as mudanças ambientais ou na comunidade podem afetar esse comportamento em cada espécie em particular. Dentro da família Felidae, os felinos silvestres de menor porte sofrem com uma grande lacuna de estudos nesse sentido, e pesquisas se tornam fundamentais para avaliar como eles respondem às condições e pressões locais. Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) é uma espécie ameaçada de extinção classificada como Vulnerável (VU) em nível regional e mundial, sendo ameaçada principalmente pela perda e fragmentação de seus habitats. O objetivo deste estudo é documentar o padrão de atividade diária de L. guttulus na Reserva Biológica do Lami e verificar a influência da sazonalidade e da temperatura nestes padrões. Nós também tentamos identificar o número de indivíduos usando a reserva biológica durante o período monitorado e avaliar o tempo de permanência destes na área. Obtivemos 25 registros independentes para L. guttulus, sendo a única espécie de felídeo silvestre registrada no local durante o período amostrado. No geral a espécie apresentou um hábito catemeral com atividade ao longo das 24 horas do dia, mas com uma maior atividade crepuscular/noturna nas estações da primavera e verão. A relação entre a atividade da espécie e a temperatura mostrou que mais de 70% dos registros foram obtidos em uma estreita faixa de temperatura de 10-17°C. Nós identificamos pelo menos dois indivíduos que permaneceram no local durante quatro a seis meses no ano, com maior frequência de detecção nos meses entre agosto e novembro. Nossos resultados demonstram algumas tendências interessantes sobre a atividade temporal de L. guttulus, sugerindo uma flexibilidade sazonal, e demonstram também a importância da reserva biológica para a preservação desta espécie no limite sul de sua distribuição.

ABSTRACT Daily activity patterns are important elements of species behavior that reflect how they interact with their environment and with other related species. To investigate these patterns is crucial to understand how environmental or community changes may affect this behavior in each particular species. Within the Felidae family, research becomes fundamental to assess how small wild cats respond to local conditions and pressures, once there is a large gap in studies addressing such issues. Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872) is an endangered species classified as Vulnerable (VU) at a regional and global level, being threatened mainly by the loss and fragmentation of its habitats. The aim of this study is to document the daily activity patterns of L. guttulus at the Lami Biological Reserve, and the influence of seasonality and temperature on those patterns. We also aimed to quantify how many individuals were using the Biological Reserve during the study period and evaluate their permanence in the area. We obtained 25 independent records for L. guttulus, which was the only cat species recorded at the site during the study period. In general, the species presented a cathemeral habit, being active throughout the 24 hours of the day, but with a more crepuscular/nocturnal activity in the spring and summer. The relationship between the species’ activity and temperature showed that more than 70% of the records were obtained in a narrow range of 10-17°C. We identified at least two individuals that remained at the site from four to six months of the year, with a higher detection frequency between August and November. Our results showed some interesting trends for the temporal activity of L. guttulus, suggesting flexibility related to seasonality, and the importance of the biological reserve to the preservation of this cat species in the southern limit of its distribution.