Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito do óleo volátil de Alpinia zerumbet (OVAz) na expressão do gene da caveolina-1 e na fibrose muscular. Os ratos foram imobilizados para induzir a fibrose do músculo gastrocnêmio, e foram tratados com OVAz. A qualidade do colágeno foi avaliada com histologia e à expressão do gene caveolina-1 (CAV-1) foi avaliada usando qPCR. A análise histomorfológica indicou uma redução significativa no perímetro, largura e intensidade do colágeno nos grupos tratados. Os resultados dos níveis de expressão sugeriram diminuição nos grupos de lesão e em dois grupos de tratamento (0,0115 µg/g e 0,009 µg/g). No entanto, com a menor concentração (0,0065 µg/g), não foi observada diferença significativa, apresentando níveis semelhantes aos encontrados em tecido saudável. O uso do OVAz foi eficaz para reverter as alterações do colágeno causadas pela fibrose, e sua menor concentração apresentou uma possível tendência de aumento na expressão do CAV-1. Portanto, os resultados mostraram que o OVAz tem potencial para ser uma alternativa não invasiva e de baixo custo para auxiliar no tratamento da fibrose muscular.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of the volatile oil of Alpinia zerumbet (VOAz) on caveolin-1 gene expression and muscular fibrosis. The rats were immobilized to induce fibrosis of the gastrocnemius muscle, and they were treated with VOAz. Collagen quality was assessed by histology and the expression of the caveolin-1 (CAV-1) gene was evaluated using qPCR. Histomorphological analysis indicated a significant reduction in the perimeter, width, and intensity of collagen in the treated groups, thus showing that the oil was effective in regulating the quality of collagen at the three concentrations. The results of expression levels suggested a decrease in the lesioned group and in two treatment groups (0.0115 µg/g and 0.009 µg/g). However, with the lowest concentration (0.0065 µg/g), no significant difference was observed, with levels similar to those found in healthy tissue. Therefore, the results showed that VOAz has the potential to be a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to aid in the treatment of muscular fibrosis.

Resumo Os sabonetes têm um papel importante para a nossa higiene e saúde, pois eles além de ter efeito bactericida, também removem as sujeiras presentes no corpo humano. Avaliar a eficácia de sabonetes com atividade antimicrobiana de diferentes marcas comerciais vendidas no Brasil. Foram realizados ensaios da atividade antimicrobiana dos diferentes sabonetes através do método difusão em ágar frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis e Candida albicans. Todos os sabonetes comerciais testados apresentaram formação de halo de inibição antimicrobiana frente às bactérias S. aureus e P. aeruginosa. Apenas dois sabonetes comerciais apresentaram inibição das espécies A. baumannii e C. albicans. Nenhum dos sete produtos estudados apresentou inibição das bactérias E. cloacae, P. mirabilis e E. coli. Na comparação das informações contidas nas embalagens dos produtos com os resultados obtidos durante a pesquisa realizada foram observadas divergências. Os sabonetes que apresentaram maior eficiência contra os microrganismos testados foram aqueles das apresentações 1 e 2, que se mostraram eficazes contra as espécies de bactérias S. aureus, P. aeruginosa e A. baumannii e contra a espécie de fungo C. albicans. As marcas 3, 4, 5, 6 e 7 apresentaram o mesmo resultado de sensibilidade frente as bactérias das espécies S. aureus e P. aeruginosa, com variação quantitativa apenas do halo de inibição. Houve divergência entre as informações contidas nas embalagens dos sete produtos em estudo e os resultados dos testes experimentais.

Abstract Soaps play an important role in our hygiene and health, as they not only have a bactericidal effect but also remove dirt from the human body. To evaluate the effectiveness of soaps with antimicrobial activity from different commercial brands sold in Brazil. Tests of the antimicrobial activity of different soaps were carried out through diffusion in agar against the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans. All commercial soaps tested transfer antimicrobial inhibition halo formation against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. Only two commercial soaps inhibit the species A. baumannii and C. albicans. None of the seven products studied showed inhibition of E. cloacae, P. mirabilis, and E. coli bacteria. When comparing the information contained in the packaging of the products with the results obtained during a survey, divergences were observed. The soaps that provide greater efficiency against the tested microorganisms were presented in presentations 1 and 2, which become useful against the bacteria species S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii and a fungus species C. albicans. Marks 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 parallel the same sensitivity result opposite as bacteria of the species S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, with quantitative variation only of the inhibition halo. There was a divergence between the information contained in the packaging of the seven products under study and the results of the experimental tests.

ABSTRACT Sweet potato is among the most important food crops in the world. Due to its high genetic diversity, this species has cultivars that can respond in different ways depending on mineral fertilization. Among the nutrients, phosphorus is related to physiological and biochemical processes that can influence the final quality of the product. This study aimed to assess the influence of P doses on the quality and bioactive compounds of sweet potato cultivars - Paraná, BRS Amélia, and BRS Cuia. The pH, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, soluble sugars, and the bioactive compounds - flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids - were evaluated. The P doses influenced sweet potato cultivars. The dose of 120 kg ha-1 promoted increments in the parameters pH, SS, TA, and SS/TA ratio for the cultivar BRS Cuia. The same dose promoted an increase in total soluble sugars for the cultivar BRS Amélia. P dose of 240 kg ha-1 promoted higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in the cultivar Paraná, and there was an increase in carotenoid content at the dose of 60 kg ha-1.

RESUMO A batata-doce está entre as culturas alimentícias mais importantes do mundo. Por apresentar alta diversidade genética, essa espécie possui cultivares que podem responder de maneiras diferentes em função da adubação mineral. Dentre os nutrientes, o fósforo está relacionado com processos fisiológicos e bioquímicos que podem influenciar na qualidade final do produto. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de doses de P na qualidade e compostos bioativos de cultivares de batata-doce - Paraná, BRS Amélia e BRS Cuia. Foram avaliados o pH, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, açúcares solúveis e os compostos bioativos - flavonoides, antocianinas e carotenoides. As doses de P influenciaram as cultivares de batata-doce. A dose de 120 kg ha-1 promoveu incrementos nos parâmetros pH, SS, AT e relação SS/AT para a cultivar BRS Cuia. A mesma dose promoveu incrementos nos açúcares solúveis totais para a cultivar BRS Amélia. A dose de 240 kg ha-1 promoveu maiores teores de flavonoides e antocianinas na cultivar Paraná, e houve aumento no teor de carotenoides na dose de 60 kg ha-1.

Resumen La rinosporidiosis es una enfermedad infecciosa causada por el patógeno protista acuático Rhinosporidium seeberi que habita en agua dulce de lagos o lagunas y el suelo. Es sumamente infrecuente, siendo endémica en India y Sri Lanka, aunque se han visto casos en países de Europa, África y Sudamérica. Predomina en jóvenes de sexo masculino y afecta tanto a humanos como animales. Se caracteriza por la formación de pólipos ro jizos uni o bilaterales, principalmente en cavidad nasal. Los síntomas de presentación en la vía aérea incluyen obstrucción, epistaxis, rinorrea y sensación de cuerpo extraño. Reportamos el caso de un varón de 22 años nativo de Argentina que se presentó a la consulta por insuficiencia ventilatoria nasal, rinorrea y epistaxis. La rinoscopía exhibió una formación polipoide que surgía del tabique septal y ocupaba toda la fosa nasal derecha. Microscópicamente el pólipo estaba revestido por epite lio de tipo respiratorio y pavimentoso y a nivel estromal evidenciaba proceso inflamatorio crónico granulomatoso con presencia de abundantes estructuras quísticas de pared gruesa de entre 100 y 500 μm (esporangios), que contenían en su interior abundantes endosporas. Las técnicas de ácido peryódico de Schiff y Grocott resalta ron dichas estructuras. Dado los antecedentes clínico-epidemiológicos y el cuadro morfológico se arribó al diagnóstico de rinosporidiosis.

Abstract Rhinosporidiosis is an infectious pathology caused by the aquatic protist pathogen Rhinosporidium seeberi that in habits the fresh water of lakes or lagoons and in the soil. It is extremely rare, being endemic in India and Sri Lanka, al though cases have been seen in countries in Europe, Africa and South America. It predominates in young males and affects both humans and animals. It is characterized by the formation of uni- or bilateral reddish polyps, mainly in the nasal cavity. Presenting airway symptoms include obstruc tion, epistaxis, rhinorrhea and foreign body sensation. We report the case of a 22-year-old man from Argentina who presented with nasal ventilatory insufficiency, rhinorrhea and epistaxis. Rhinoscopy revealed a polypoid formation arising from the septal septum and occupying the entire right nostril. Microscopically, the polyp was covered by respiratory and squamous epithelium, and at the stromal level it evidenced a granulomatous chronic inflammatory process with the presence of abundant thick-walled cystic structures between 100 and 500 μm (sporangia), which contained abundant endospores inside. The periodic acid Schiff and Grocott techniques highlighted these structures. Given the clinical-epidemiological background and the morphological picture, the diagnosis of rhinosporidiosis was reached.

RESUMEN Antecedentes : las ventajas de la hepatectomía videolaparoscópica (HVL) hicieron que gane cada vez más campo para el tratamiento de los tumores hepáticos benignos (THB). Objetivo : comparar los resultados perioperatorios de pacientes sometidos a HVL con los de los operados con hepatectomía abierta (HA) por THB, emparejados con propensity score matching (PSM). Material y métodos : estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y comparativo de HA y HVL por THB entre agosto de 2010 y junio de 2021. Se analizaron variables demográficas, preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias. Para evitar sesgos de las distintas covariables entre los grupos se realizó un PSM 1:1. Resultados : de 403 hepatectomías, se analizaron 82 por THB. De ellas 36 (44%) fueron HA y 46 (56%) HVL. Edad media 45 ±14 años, 65% mujeres. Tras realizar el PSM, quedaron dos grupos de 28 pacientes cada uno. En HA, 5 (18%) pacientes requirieron transfusiones y ninguno en HVL (p = 0,01). Las complicaciones mayores se presentaron en 4 (14%) pacientes en HA, y ninguna en HVL (p = 0,03). Se reoperaron 4 (14%) pacientes con HA y ningún paciente con HVL (p = 0,03). La estadía hospitalaria total fue significativamente mayor en las HA (p = 0,04). No se registraron muertes a los 90 días en ninguno de los dos grupos. Conclusión : la HVL por THB es una técnica segura y eficaz, ya que los pacientes presentaron menor requerimiento transfusional, número de reoperaciones, de complicaciones mayores y de estadía hospitalaria que con HA. Por las ventajas encontradas, la HVL podría ser considerada la técnica de elección en cirugía por THB.

ABSTRACT Background : The advantages of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) have increased its use for the treatment of benign liver tumors (BLTs). Objective : The aim of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing LLR with those operated on with open liver resection (OLR) for BLTs using propensity score matching (PSM). Material and methods : We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study comparing OLRs with LLRs performed between August 2010 and June 2021. The demographic, perioperative, intraoperative and postoperative variables were analyzed. We used PSM with 1:1 matching to avoid biases of the different covariates between the groups. Results : Of 303 liver resections, 82 corresponded to BLTs and were included in the analysis; 36 (44%) were OLRs and 46 (56%) were LLRs. Mean age was 45 ±14 years and 65% were women. After PSM, two groups of 28 patients each were constituted. Five patients (18%) in the OLR group and none in the LLR required transfusions (p = 0.01). Major complications, occurred in 4 (14%) patients in the OLR group and in no cases in the LLR group (p = 0.03). Four (14%) undergoing OLR required reoperation versus no patients with LLR (p = 0.03). Total length of hospital stay was significantly longer in OLR (p = 0.04). There were no deaths in any of the groups within 90 days. Conclusion : LLR for BLTs is a safe and effective technique, with lower requirement for transfusions, fewer reoperations and major complications and shorter length of hospital stay than OLR, Therefore, LLR could be considered the surgical technique of choice for BLTs.

ABSTRACT In fruit species, the amount of solar energy absorbed can influence fruit quality; hence, ensuring optimal light distribution management in the canopy of plants is essential. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (i) to analyze the variations in gas exchange through the day and (ii) identify the photosynthetically active photon flux density (PPFD) that promotes higher chlorophyll fluorescence and electron transport rate in jaboticaba seedlings. The experimental design was completely randomized, with treatments consisting of 18 photosynthetic photon flux densities and three evaluations throughout the day. Six replicates were used, with two plants per plot. Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence in P. peruviana were altered due to fluctuating photosynthetic photon flux density (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 175; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1,000; 1,200; 1,400; 1,600; 1,800; and 2,000 μmol m-2 s-1) and environmental conditions throughout the day (8:00 a.m., 12:00 and 4:00 p.m.). The higher PPFD (1,384.6 μmol m-2 s-1) and air temperature (39.74 °C) at noon (12:00 p.m.) favored gas exchange in this species. An increase in PPFD of up to 1,000 μmol m-2 s-1 positively influenced the gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence of P. peruviana.

RESUMO Em espécies fruteiras, é essencial considerar o gerenciamento da distribuição da luz nas copas das plantas, pois a quantidade de energia solar absorvida pode influenciar na qualidade dos frutos. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo foram: (i) analisar as variações das trocas gasosas ao longo do dia; (ii) identificar a densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (PPFD) que promove maior fluorescência da clorofila e maior taxa de transporte de elétrons em mudas de jaboticaba. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo os tratamentos compostos por 18 densidades de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos (0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; 150; 175; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1.000; 1.200; 1.400; 1.600; 1.800 e 2.000 μmol m-2 s-1) e três horários de avaliação ao longo do dia (08:00, 12:00 e 16:00 h). Foram utilizadas seis repetições, considerando duas plantas por parcela útil. Trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a de P. peruviana foram alterados em virtude da PPFD e das condições ambientais ao longo do dia. A alta PPFD (1.384,6 μmol m-2 s-1) e temperatura do ar (39,74 °C) no horário de 12 horas favoreceu as trocas gasosas dessa espécie. O aumento da PPFD até 1.000 µmol m-2 s-1 influenciou positivamente as trocas gasosas e fluorescência da clorofila a de P. peruviana.

RESUMO A área foliar é um parâmetro de fundamental importância para estudos relacionados ao crescimento e fisiologia vegetal. O objetivo do trabalho foi construir equações alométricas que permitam estimar com precisão e rapidez a área foliar do sapotizeiro. Foram coletadas 250 folhas de diferentes formas e tamanhos em árvores matrizes de sapotizeiro localizadas na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, Brazil. Em cada folha, foi mensurado o comprimento, largura, produto entre comprimento e largura (LW), produto entre comprimento e comprimento, produto entre largura e largura, e área foliar. Modelos lineares e não lineares foram utilizados para construção das equações alométricas. As melhores equações foram escolhidas com base nos seguintes critérios: maior coeficiente de determinação, coeficiente de correlação linear de Pearson e índice de concordância de Willmott, e menor critério de informação de Akaike e raiz do quadrado médio do erro. Diante disso, verificou-se que os modelos que utilizaram o produto entre comprimento e largura apresentaram os melhores critérios para estimar a área foliar do sapotizeiro. Buscando reduzir o tempo das análises e maior precisão dos dados, as equações ŷ = 0.664 × LW1.018 e ŷ = 0.713 × LW e utilizando LW são as mais indicadas para estimar a área foliar do sapotizeiro.

ABSTRACT The leaf area is a parameter of fundamental importance in studies on plant growth and physiology. The objective of this study was to build allometric equations for the accurate and fast estimation of sapodilla leaf areas. In total, 250 leaves of different shapes and sizes were collected from sapodilla matrices trees growing at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró-RN, Brazil. For each leaf, the length, width, product of length and width (LW), product of length and length, product of width and width, and leaf area were measured. Linear and nonlinear models were used to construct the allometric equations. The best equations were chosen on the basis of the following criteria: the highest coefficient of determination, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, and Willmott’s index of agreement; and the lowest Akaike information criterion and root mean square error. It was verified that the models that used the LW value presented the best criteria for estimating the leaf area. Specifically, the equations ŷ = 0.664 × LW1.018 and ŷ = 0.713 × LW, which use LW values, are the most suitable for estimating the leaf area of sapodilla quickly and accurately.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of water and oysters from natural banks and oyster farms located on the Island of São Luís, Maranhão (MA), 60 samples were analyzed from September 2020 to February 2021, 30 of water and 30 of oysters (Crassostrea sp.), collected directly from shellfish farmers and owners of oyster farms in the municipalities of the Island of São Luís, MA. For the determination of total coliforms and Escherichia coli in the water samples the Colilert® rapid method was used. For the enumeration of total and thermotolerant coliforms in oysters the Most Probable Number (MPN) method was used and E. coli by biochemical tests (Indol, MV, VP, Citrate). The enumeration of coagulase positive Staphylococcus was performed using Baird Parker medium for isolation and identification, as well as biochemical tests. The geometric mean result of E. coli counts in the water samples ranged from 604.3 to 1,130.8 MPN/100mL, indicating unsatisfactory microbiological quality. As for the oyster samples, 8 (26.7%) out of 30 samples were unfit for consumption, and 4 (13.3%) were contaminated by Salmonella sp. and E. coli, respectively. According to RDC No. 331/19 and IN No. 60 of ANVISA, the results are worrisome for public health and mitigating actions are recommended, such as regular monitoring of the microbiological quality of the water.

Resumo Com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de águas e ostras de bancos naturais e ostreiculturas localizados na ilha de São Luís (MA), foram analisadas no período de setembro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021 60 amostras, sendo 30 de água e 30 de ostras (Crassostrea sp.), coletadas diretamente com os marisqueiros e proprietários de cultivos nos municípios da ilha de São Luís. Para a determinação de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli nas amostras de água, foi utilizado o método rápido Colilert®. A contagem de coliformes totais e termotolerantes em ostras foi realizada pelo método do número mais provável (NMP) e de E. coli por testes bioquímicos (Indol, VM, VP, Citrato). A enumeração de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva ocorreu pelo meio Baird Parker para isolamento e identificação, assim como por testes bioquímicos. A média geométrica do resultado da contagem de E. coli nas amostras de água variou entre 604,3 e 1.130,8 NMP/100 mL, indicando qualidade microbiológica insatisfatória. Quanto às amostras de ostras, oito (26,7%) das 30 amostras estavam impróprias para consumo, sendo quatro (13,3%) contaminadas por Salmonella sp. e E. coli, respectivamente. Segundo a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada nº 331/19 e a Instrução Normativa nº 60 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, os resultados são preocupantes para a saúde pública, e recomendam-se ações mitigadoras, como o monitoramento regular da qualidade microbiológica da água.

ABSTRACT In the Brazilian planted forest sector, most of the species used are from the genus Eucalyptus. Even though Southern Brazil has a suitable climate for species of the genus Pinus, the planting of frost-resistant Eucalyptus species has been increasing annually. The objective of this study was to evaluate the basic density, fiber dimensions, and chemical composition of Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus saligna, and Eucalyptus cloeziana woods. The trees used were from a six-year-old experimental plantation located in Canoinhas, state of Santa Catarina. For each species, three trees were selected, and discs were removed from each tree at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the commercial stem height. To evaluate the quality of the wood, the basic wood density, fiber dimensions, and chemical composition of the wood were determined by comparing the values between species and between the heights in the stem. The highest basic density was that of the wood of E. cloeziana; this species also had the greatest length and width of fibers. E. dunnii had the lowest levels of lignin and the highest levels of holocellulose. The highest lignin content was found in the wood of E. benthamii, E. saligna, and E. cloeziana. The relationship between wood properties and stem height was not relevant. The results highlight the tendency for higher extractives to be found at taller heights (100%), and holocellulose and lignin content are similar at all heights.

RESUMO No setor de florestas plantadas brasileiro, a maioria das espécies utilizadas são do gênero Eucalyptus. Embora o Sul do Brasil tenha clima propicio para espécies do gênero Pinus, o plantio de espécies de Eucalyptus resistentes à geada vem aumentando anualmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a densidade básica, as dimensões das fibras e a composição química da madeira de Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus saligna e Eucalyptus cloeziana. As árvores utilizadas foram provenientes de um plantio experimental de seis anos localizado em Canoinhas, estado de Santa Catarina. Para cada espécie, três árvores foram selecionadas e os discos foram removidos de cada árvore a 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da altura do caule comercial. Para avaliar a qualidade da madeira, a densidade básica, as dimensões das fibras e a composição química foram determinadas comparando-se os valores entre as espécies e entre as alturas no fuste. A maior densidade básica foi a da madeira de E. cloeziana; esta espécie também apresentou o maior comprimento e largura das fibras. E. dunnii apresentou os menores teores de lignina e os maiores teores de holocelulose. O maior teor de lignina foi encontrado na madeira de E. benthamii, E. saligna e E. cloeziana. A relação entre as propriedades da madeira e a altura do fuste não foi relevante. Os resultados destacam a tendência de maiores extrativos serem encontrados nas partes mais altas (100%), e os teores de holocelulose e lignina são similares em todas as alturas.

ABSTRACT Among the main problems that compromise the development of forest species are water and salt stresses, especially in the early stages of development, when seedlings are more sensitive. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological and biochemical changes in Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings subjected to abiotic stresses. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks (RCB), composed of five treatments, with four replicates, and the experimental plot consisted of twenty plants. From the 31st day after sowing, when the seedlings reached approximately 15 cm in height, they began to receive the treatments, which consisted of different levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.3; 2; 4; 6; 8 dS m-1) for salt stress and periods of water restriction (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16 days without irrigation) for water stress. The traits evaluated were: plant height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, total dry matter, Dickson quality index, height/shoot dry matter ratio, total soluble sugars, starch, total amino acids and proline. An increase in the electrical conductivity of irrigation water and days without irrigation compromised the development of E. contortisiliquum seedlings, which was intensified from 2 dS m-1 and four days without irrigation for salt and water stresses, respectively. The mechanism of survival of E. contortisiliquum to abiotic stresses involves reduction in the growth and quality of seedlings, with activation of biochemical defense mechanisms of the species.

Abstract Introduction: Optimized allocation of medical resources to patients with COVID-19 has been a critical concern since the onset of the pandemic. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the authors used data from a Brazilian tertiary university hospital to explore predictors of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and hospital mortality in patients admitted for COVID-19. Our primary aim was to create and validate prediction scores for use in hospitals and emergency departments to aid clinical decisions and resource allocation. Results: The study cohort included 3,022 participants, of whom 2,485 were admitted to the ICU; 1968 survived, and 1054 died in the hospital. From the complete cohort, 1,496 patients were randomly assigned to the derivation sample and 1,526 to the validation sample. The final scores included age, comorbidities, and baseline laboratory data. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were very similar for the derivation and validation samples. Scores for ICU admission had a 75% accuracy in the validation sample, whereas scores for death had a 77% accuracy in the validation sample. The authors found that including baseline flu-like symptoms in the scores added no significant benefit to their accuracy. Furthermore, our scores were more accurate than the previously published NEWS-2 and 4C Mortality Scores. Discussion and conclusions: The authors developed and validated prognostic scores that use readily available clinical and laboratory information to predict ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19. These scores can become valuable tools to support clinical decisions and improve the allocation of limited health resources.

ABSTRACT The curve of cumulative cases of individuals infected by COVID-19 shows similar growth to the logistic curve in the period referring to each epidemic “wave”, as each peak of active cases is called. Considering that in pandemic scenarios it is common to seek control measures based on previous experiences, in this paper we model the curve of cumulative cases through a logistic model with infected removal to include the control measures in the dynamics. This model is based on fractional differential equations to also include the memory effect. We study the scenario of the first two “waves” in the analyzed countries: Brazil, China, Italy, and Switzerland. Scenarios with and without control measures are compared, proving the importance of control measures such as isolation. Moreover, this model makes it possible to determine the portion of the population that did not participate in the dynamics of the spread of the disease, as well as to analyze how the number of infected people reduced in each country.

Multiple environmental problems are caused by the accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in river water on its way to the ocean. The objective of this work was to determine the N and P loads in 12 hydrographic basins that flow into estuaries along the northeastern coast of Brazil using established methods. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic loads trends in the hydrographic basins of 12 tropical rivers in northeastern Brazil over 27 years (1990-2016) were evaluated. The results indicated an annual average increase of +1.1% in population density, while precipitation showed no significant trend. The anthropogenic loads were 21 and 112 times higher than natural inputs for N and P, respectively. Anthropogenic sources accounted for ~ 96% of all contributions. The positive trends of these loads (mainly wastewater) represented an annual average increase of 1.1% for N and 1.2% for P, for all river basins included in this study. These percentages represent average annual loads of 251 t N yr-1 and 54.8 t P yr-1. The time series of N and P in the study region showed trends that point to a constant increase, implying a greater contribution of these loads to the adjacent coastal region year after year.

Abstract This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of crude extracts from Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) seeds on eggs and larvae of A. aegypti, and also verified the phytochemical profile and the presence of lectins in the extract. The 0.15 M NaCl saline solution was used as the extracting substance. For tests with eggs and larvae, the crude extract was used in its raw form (RCE) and boiled at 100º C for 5 min (BCE). Concentrations of 4.68; 9.37; 18.75; 28.13; 37.13 and 46.89 mg/mL, with distilled water as a negative control. Assays were performed in triplicate. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, Tukey's test and Log-Probit analysis to determine LC50 and LC90. BCE showed better results on eggs than RCE, managing to prevent the hatching of larvae in 81.66% ± 10.40 of treated eggs, at a concentration of 46.89 mg/mL. The LC50 and LC90 were set at 35.95 and 52.67 mg/mL, respectively. In tests with larvae, concentrations of 46.89 and 37.13 mg/mL, for RCE and BCE, caused 100% mortality in 24 hours of exposure. Larval mortality at the other concentrations increased with exposure time extending to 48 h. RCE, at 48 h exposure is the most promising extract on larvae (E = 72.77%, LC90 = 10.86 mg/mL). In RCE, the presence of lectins and secondary metabolites: flavonoids, xanthones and phenols, were detected. The results demonstrate the potential of E. contortisiliquum seed extracts with ovicidal and larvicidal action on A. aegypti.

Resumo Esse estudo avaliou a atividade inseticida dos extratos brutos das sementes de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) sobre ovos e larvas do A. aegypti, verificou também o perfil fitoquímico e a presença de lectinas no extrato. A solução salina de NaCl 0,15 M foi utilizada como substância extratora. Para os ensaios com ovos e larvas, o extrato bruto foi utilizado na forma crua (RCE) e fervida a 100º C por 5 min (BCE). Foram testadas as concentrações de 4,68; 9,37; 18,75; 28,13; 37,13 e 46,89 mg/mL, tendo a água destilada como controle negativo. Os ensaios foram realizados em triplicada. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, Teste de Tukey e análise Log-Probit para determinar CL50 e 90. O BCE apresentou melhores resultados sobre os ovos do que o RCE, conseguindo impedir a eclosão das larvas de 81,66% ± 10,40 dos ovos tratados, na concentração de 46,89 mg/mL. As respectivas CL50 e 90, foram definidas em 35,95 e 52,67 mg/mL, respectivamente. Nos testes com larvas, as concentrações de 46,89 e 37,13 mg/mL, para RCE e BCE, causaram 100% de mortalidade em 24 horas de exposição. A mortalidade larval nas demais concentrações aumentou com o tempo de exposição estendendo-se para 48 h. RCE, com 48 h de exposição é o extrato mais promissor sobre as larvas (E = 72,77%, CL90 = 10,86 mg/mL). Em RCE, a presença de lectinas e os metabólitos secundários: flavonoides, xantonas e fenóis, foram detectadas. Os resultados demonstram o potencial dos extratos das sementes de E. contortisiliquum com ação ovicida e larvicida sobre o A. aegypti.

Abstract Objective To analyze the association of self-perceived depressive feelings and cognitive performance with prevalence of depressive symptoms among quilombola elderly people. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with elderly people from 11 communities in Bequimão-MA. Socioeconomic and health conditions, self-perception of depressive feelings, cognitive performance by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and prevalence of depressive symptoms by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) were investigated. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated with a confidence interval of 95% by Poisson regression with robust variance. Results A total of 59.5% of the elderly people were females, 50.6% were up to 69 years old and 83.7% were classified in socioeconomic status E. Moreover, 45.7% reported feeling “down” or “without perspective”; 12.1% had altered cognitive performance and 46.4% were screened as depressed by the GDS-30. Based on the GDS-30, 65.0% of the elderly people reported perception of depressive feelings associated depression, as well as 70% of them showed altered cognitive performance. In the adjusted analysis, depression evaluated by the GDS-30 was associated with self-perceived depressive feelings (PR= 2.02; 95% CI: 1.26-3.26), but not with the MMSE (PR= 1.64; 95% CI: 0.90-3.01). Conclusion There was a high prevalence of self-perceived depressive feelings and depressive symptoms identified by the GDS-30. The association between these variables points to the importance of monitoring the mental health of quilombola elderly people.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação da autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos e desempenho cognitivo comprometido com a prevalência de depressão em idosos quilombolas. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado com 168 idosos de 11 comunidades de Bequimão-MA. Foram investigadas condições socioeconômicas e de saúde, como autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos, desempenho cognitivo comprometido pelo Mini Mental (MEEM) e prevalência de depressão pela Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-30). Razões de prevalência bruta e ajustada foram calculadas com intervalo de confiança de 95% por regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados A maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino (59,5%), tinham até 69 anos (50,6%), não tinham escolaridade (54,2%) e estavam no mais baixo estrato socioeconômico (classe E= 83,7%). O relato de sentir-se “para baixo” ou “sem perspectiva” foi feito por 45,7% dos idosos; 12,1% apresentaram desempenho cognitivo comprometido e 46,4% foram identificados com depressão pela GDS-30. Foram identificados com depressão com base na GDS-30, 65,0% dos idosos que relataram autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos, e 70% daqueles com desempenho cognitivo comprometido. Na análise ajustada por condições socioeconômicas, a depressão avaliada pela GDS-30 esteve associada à autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos (RP= 2,02; IC 95%: 1,26-3,26), mas não ao MEEM (RP= 1,64; IC 95%: 0.90-3.01). Conclusão Verificou-se alta prevalência de autopercepção de sentimentos depressivos e de depressão identificada pela GDS-30. A associação entre essas variáveis aponta para a importância da triagem e manejo da saúde mental dos idosos quilombolas.