ABSTRACT. With the rise of world fish farming, the national scenario is favorable for using native fish for intensive farming. Among the catfish, the Amazonian Jundiá (Leiarius marmoratus) is a robust candidate, easy to grow and with good organoleptic characteristics in its flesh. For productive success in captivity, it is necessary to consider some questions about the species, such as genetic variability, which must have an acceptable level in a breeding stock, in order to maintain a good diversity; this reduces losses due to inbreeding and low diversity. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of commercial stocks of L. marmoratus from the State of Mato Grosso through microsatellite molecular markers. We analyzed 143 individuals from three stocks. The mean heterozygosity and the inbreeding coefficients observed were 0.060; 0.084; 0.141; and 0.539; 0.562; 0.514, respectively, for the stocks of Campo Verde, Juína, and Nova Mutum. The Deviation in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in most of the loci in the three populations. Considering the genetic differentiation, it is concluded that the three populations are very close genetically, which requires introduction of new genetic material in the stocks to enrich them genetically for a later reproductive program.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) alimentado com dietas contendo sorgo em substituição ao milho, suplementadas ou não com fitase. O experimento foi realizado com 360 jundiás, com peso médio inicial de 16,02±0,58 g, alimentados com dietas compostas por 0, 50 e 100% de sorgo de baixo tanino, em substituição ao milho, com ou sem a suplementação de fitase (1.500 UFA por quilograma da dieta). Dietas com suplementação de fitase ou com 100% de sorgo reduziram a deposição de gordura visceral e a massa hepática nos machos. Nas fêmeas, o mesmo efeito foi observado quanto às dietas com suplementação de fitase. As fêmeas alimentadas com dietas apenas com sorgo, suplementadas ou não com fitase, apresentaram ovócitos maiores. Foram encontrados machos e fêmeas nas fases finais de desenvolvimento e maturação gonadal, em todos os tratamentos. A substituição do milho pelo sorgo não afeta a qualidade seminal nem a taxa de fertilização dos gametas. Portanto, a substituição completa do milho pelo sorgo de baixo tanino pode ser efetuada sem afetar os parâmetros reprodutivos e os índices somáticos do jundiá.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the reproductive performance of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed diets containing sorghum, as a replacement for corn, supplemented or not with phytase. The experiment was carried out with 360 fish, with 16.02±0.58 g mean initial weight, fed diets in which low-tannin sorghum replaced corn at 0, 50, and 100%, with or without phytase supplementation (1,500 FTU per kilogram of feed). Diets supplemented with phytase or with 100% sorghum led to a reduction of visceral fat deposition and hepatic mass in males. In females, similar results were observed for diets containing phytase. Females fed sorghum-only diets, supplemented or not with phytase, had bigger oocytes. Males and females at the developing and final stages of gonadal maturation were found in all treatments. The replacement of corn by sorghum affects neither semen quality nor the fertilization rate of gametes. Therefore, complete replacement of corn with low-tannin sorghum in the diet can be performed without compromising the reproductive performance or the somatic indexes of silver catfish.

ABSTRACT Brycon hilarii, popularly called piraputanga in Brazil, is a species distributed throughout the whole basin of the river Paraguay. In recent years, the species has been on a repopulation program due to its remarkable decline as a wild species in the region. Assessment of the genetic diversity of broodstock and fingerling stocks in repopulation programs is basic to avoid genetic impacts on wild populations. The genetic variability of the wild population and of the broodstock and fingerling stocks of B. hilarii in a repopulation program in the river Itiquira MT Brazil will be determined. Seven microsatellite loci produced 52 polymorphic alleles and heterozygosity revealed rates between 0.5794 and 0.7204. FIS did not register any endogamy in the broodstock but it was present in fingerlings and wild populations. Intra- and inter-specific genetic variability rates were higher within each combination but not between groups. Grouping in fingerling groups had a lower density when compared to the others. There is a higher genetic proximity between the natural population and broodstock (0.0237) when the distance between populations was analyzed, even though the two were greatly distant from the fingerling group (0.2622 - 0.2617). Results show that the wild population and the broodstock had high genetic variability and low genetic divergence; contrastingly, fingerlings showed mild genetic variability and great divergence when compared to other groups, indicating that they were not adequately constituted.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes crioprotetores na viabilidade de embriões de dourado (Salminus brasiliensis). Foram testadas dez soluções crioprotetoras. Para cada solução, 300 embriões foram selecionados na fase do fechamento do blastóporo, e mais 300 embriões foram utilizados como controle negativo. Após o resfriamento (-8ºC por 6 horas), os embriões foram reidratados diretamente na incubadora até a eclosão. O melhor resultado é obtido com solução crioprotetora com 9% de metanol associado a 17% de sacarose, o que resultou em taxa de eclosão de larvas de 67,06%.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants on the viability of dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) embryos. Ten cryoprotectant solutions were tested. For each solution, 300 embryos were selected at the closing of the blastopore stage, and 300 more embryos were used as a negative control. After cooling (-8ºC for 6 hours), the embryos were rehydrated directly in the incubator until hatching. The best result is obtained with the cryoprotectant solution containing 9% methanol associated with 17% sucrose, resulting in a larvae hatching rate of 67.06%.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade genética em quatro estoques de tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum) de diferentes regiões do Brasil, por meio de marcador RAPD. Foram utilizados 10 iniciadores para analisar 116 indivíduos, coletados de pisciculturas nos municípios de Urupá, RO, Teixeirópolis, RO, Neópolis, SE e Sorriso, MT. Foram encontradas diferenças nas frequências de 67 fragmentos, com um fragmento exclusivo em Sorriso e dois em Neópolis. Observaram-se altos valores de polimorfismo (72,92 a 83,33%), diversidade genética de Nei (0,27 a 0,30) e índice de Shannon (0,39 a 0,45). A análise da variância molecular, demonstrou que a maior parte da variação está dentro de cada estoque e não entre os estoques. A identidade e a distância genética entre os agrupamentos variou de 0,93 a 0,98 e 0,02 a 0,07, respectivamente, com menos distância entre os agrupamentos Urupá x Sorriso e entre Teixerópolis x Neópolis. A diferenciação genética variou de baixa a moderada (Fst = 0,03 a 0,15) e o número de migrantes por geração foi alto (Nm = 5,96 a 24,3), entre os agrupamentos. Os estoques apresentam alta variabilidade e baixa diferenciação e distância genética entre si.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of four broodstocks of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) from different regions of Brazil using RAPD markers. Ten primers were used to analyze 116 individuals, collected from fish cultures of three municipalities in Brazil: Urupá, RO; Teixeirópolis, RO; Neópolis, SE; and Sorriso, MT. Differences in the frequencies of 67 fragments were found, with a unique fragment in Sorriso and two in Neópolis. High values of polymorphism (72.92 to 83.33%), Nei's genetic diversity (from 0.27 to 0.30) and Shannon index (from 0.39 to 0.45) were observed. Analysis of molecular variance showed that most of the variation is within each broodstock and not among them. The identity and genetic distance among the groups ranged from 0.93 to 0.98 and from 0.02 to 0.07, respectively, with less distance between clusters Urupá x Sorriso and Teixerópolis x Neópolis. Genetic differentiation ranged from low to moderate (Fst = 0.03 to 0.15) and the number of migrants per generation was high (Nm = 5.96 to 24.3) among the groups. Stocks have high variability and low genetic differentiation and distance among them.

Los programas de repoblamiento de ríos vienen siendo usados con mayor frecuencia como métodos de conservación de la ictiofauna. Sin embargo, el monitoreo genético y evaluación de procedimientos reproductivos son necesarios para obtener resultados viables en los ecosistemas impactados negativamente por el hombre. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la diversidad genética de Brycon orbignyanus utilizado en programas de repoblamiento, en el sistema reproductivo semi-natural (SRSN), con el marcador RAPD. Fueron analizados 15 reproductores (Rp;10 machos y 5 hembras) y 95 larvas de la progenie. El SRSN permitió la obtención de una baja mortalidad de los Rp utilizados en el cruzamiento y todos presentaron desova/espermiación. Los 9 iniciadores utilizados produjeron 90 fragmentos (fg), de los cuales 73,33% fueron polimórficos. Encontrándose diferencias (P<0,05) en la frecuencia de 17 fg, sin la presencia de fg exclusivos. El índice de diversidad genética de Shannon y porcentaje de fg polimórficos fueron inferiores en los individuos de la progenie. La similaridad genética fue mayor en la progenie. El análisis de variancia molecular mostró que la mayor parte de la variación está dentro de cada lote (81,49%) y no entre los lotes (18,51%). La identidad y distancia genética fue 0,953 y 0,049, respectivamente. A pesar que el SRSN permitió la obtención de una baja mortalidad y adecuado comportamiento reproductivo de los Rp, hubo disminución de la variabilidad genética en la progenie por el efecto del bajo número de Rp utilizados durante la reproducción y por la baja variabilidad genética existente entre ellos

The stock enhancement programs are being used more frequently as methods of fish conservation. However, the genetic monitoring and the reproductive procedures evaluation are necessary to achieve viable and reliable results. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Brycon orbignyanus used in stock enhancement programs, in the semi-natural reproductive system, with the RAPD marker. Fifteen broodstocks (10 male and 5 female) and 95 larvae of the offspring were analyzed. The semi-natural reproductive system allowed the obtaining of a low mortality of the broodstocks using in the mating and all presented spawing/spermiation. The nine primers used yielded 90 fragments, of which 73,33% were polymorphic. Differences (P <0,05) in the frequency of 17 fragments were observed, without the presence of exclusive fragments. The Shannon genetic diversity index and percentage of polymorphic fragments were lower in the offspring individuals. Genetic similarity was higher in the offspring. The analysis of molecular variance results showed that the major part of the genetic variation is within the groups (81,49%) and not between them (18,51%). The identity and genetic distance among the groups were 0,953 and 0,049; respectively. In spite of the semi-natural reproductive system to allow the decrease of mortality and an appropriate reproductive broodstocks behavior, was decrease of the genetic variability in the offspring for the effect of the small number of broodstocks used during the reproduction and for the low existent genetic variability among them