Abstract Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a medical condition of great relevance, with clinical characteristics of AMI, but without evidence of coronary artery obstruction. The mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and its possible etiologies are important objects of study due to their impact on the morbidity and mortality of affected patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to systematically review MINOCA and its characteristics, with emphasis on the clinical profile of patients, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the syndrome. Methods Relevant articles related to MINOCA were analyzed in the PubMed and LILACS databases. In the initial search stage, 619 eligible articles were obtained, with final inclusion criteria being: original systematic reviews with clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic, or treatment data on MINOCA, published in Portuguese or English, with an abstract, and a publication date limit of September 2020. Results A total of 10 articles classified as systematic reviews that considered clinical data on MINOCA were included in this review. Conclusion After analyzing various literature, the present study provided a tool to better understand MINOCA, not only regarding its casuistry but also in grouping parameters and information that contribute to a healthy approach to this clinical situation. It was possible to identify and better outline the clinical profile of patients who presented this condition and the use of appropriate tools for correct diagnosis and ideal treatment.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze spirituality in the process of illness uncertainty in cancer patients. Methods: This is a qualitative study, in which Merle Mishel’s Theory of Uncertainty of Disease was used as a theoretical framework; and as a methodological reference, the stages of Bardin’s Content Analysis. As a technique for obtaining information, a semi-structured interview was used. Results: Spirituality in the uncertainty of the disease varies from patient to patient and acts in a unique way. They presented readaptation attitudes in their reports. The presence of spirituality in their lives acted as the main force mechanism to deal with the uncertainty of the disease, and this moment was called by Mishel “probabilistic thinking”. Conclusion: Patients demonstrated readaptation attitudes in their reports, and spirituality acted as the main mechanism of strength to deal with uncertainty in the disease

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar espiritualidad en el proceso de la incertidumbre de la enfermedad en el paciente oncológico. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, en la cual fue utilizada como referencial teórico la Teoría de la Incertidumbre Frente a la Enfermedad, de Merle Mishel; y como referencial metodológico, las etapas del Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. Como técnica de obtención de las informaciones, fue usada la entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: La espiritualidad en la incertidumbre de la enfermedad varia de paciente para paciente y actúa de manera singular. Ellos presentaron actitudes de readaptación en sus relatos. La presencia de la espiritualidad en sus vidas actuó como el principal mecanismo de fuerza para lidiar con la incertidumbre de la enfermedad, siendo, eso momento, llamado por Mishel de “pensamiento probabilístico”. Conclusión: Los pacientes demostraron actitudes de readaptación en sus relatos, y la espiritualidad actuó como el principal mecanismo de fuerza para lidiar con la incertidumbre en la enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a espiritualidade no processo da incerteza da doença no paciente oncológico. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual foi utilizada como referencial teórico a Teoria da Incerteza da Doença, de Merle Mishel; e como referencial metodológico, as etapas da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Como técnica de obtenção das informações, foi usada a entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: A espiritualidade na incerteza da doença varia de paciente para paciente e atua de forma singular. Eles apresentaram atitudes de readaptação nos seus relatos. A presença da espiritualidade em suas vidas agiu como o principal mecanismo de força para lidar com a incerteza da doença, sendo, esse momento, chamado por Mishel de “pensamento probabilístico”. Conclusão: Os pacientes demonstraram atitudes de readaptação nos seus relatos, e a espiritualidade atuou como o principal mecanismo de força para lidar com a incerteza na doença.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the effects of rosemary leaf essential oil-based ointments on the healing of rat skin lesions. Methods: Sixty adult male rats, with dorsal excisional skin wounds made surgically under anesthesia, were divided into three groups (n = 20): Sham group (untreated wounds); control group (CG, wounds treated with vehicle); and essential oil (EO) treated group (wounds treated with essential oil-based ointments), administered topically once daily. Skin wounds were evaluated at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days after EO or vehicle treatments. Lesions were analyzed macroscopically for the contraction degree. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of skin wounds were used for histopathological evaluation. Results: Macroscopic evaluation showed wounds edges with thin crust without firmness and yellowish color, along with an improvement in wound contraction in EO group when compared to the other groups. A reduced inflammatory reaction, along with newly formed small diameter capillaries and more organized and elongated collagen fibers, were more frequently observed in EO group than in the other groups. Moreover, blood vessel number and collagen fibers density were significantly higher in EO group. Conclusions: Skin lesion treatment with rosemary leaf essential oil-based ointments accelerates the initial stages of healing, reduces inflammation, and increases angiogenesis, collagen fibers density, and wound contraction in rats.

ABSTRACT Salinity is recognized as one of the main abiotic stresses, causing declines in the productivity of many crops, such as rice. Considering the importance of rice as a staple food crop, the generalized pattern of salinization in soils around the globe and the sensitivity of the crop to saline soils, the aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity / tolerance of upland rice lines. The upland rice lines used in this work were obtained from the Genetic Improvement Program of the Universidade Federal de Lavras. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with a block design and factorial scheme, with 10 lines and four NaCl treatments (0, 3, 15 and 45 mmol·L-1) on the substrate. Parameters related to the emergence rate, seedling survival rate, growth and architecture, biomass allocation, gas exchange and productivity were evaluated. Salinity levels influenced the emergence and survival rates, especially at the highest levels of NaCl, with lines L1, L4 and L5 showing survival below 60%. These lines were excluded from the experiment, and the other seven lines were carried out until the end of the crop cycle. Grain weight per plant (GWP) was used as an indicator of greater tolerance to salinity, and lines L6, L7 and L8 showed outstanding performance under treatments with increased NaCl. L6 had the highest GWP, while L7 and L8 had less pronounced decreases with increasing NaCl doses. These three lines may be recommended for further studies about the impacts of NaCl on rice production.

ABSTRACT Brejos de Altitude are enclaves of higher altitude humid forests in the semiarid lowlands of the North-eastern of Brazil. They present unique characteristics in terms of soil and air humidity, temperature, vegetation cover, and biodiversity. Due to these conditions, many cattle ranchers and farmers develop activities that have caused habitat loss and fragmentation of biodiversity. In this study, we aimed to describe the diversity of conidial fungi that occur in the leaf litter of the riparian vegetation in a Brejo de Altitude in Pernambuco, Brazil. Decomposing leaf material was collected from the forest floor in the dry and rainy periods of 2019, incubated in moist chambers and observed daily for fungal structures, for up to 45 days, under dissecting microscope and light microscope. Eighty-four taxa of fungi were identified, totaling 335 occurrences. The air and soil temperature, and precipitation showed an influence on the fungal community. Species richness was greater in the dry period and abundance was greater in the rainy period. The multivariate analyses revealed differences in the conidial fungi community between the dry and rainy periods. A high richness of leaf litter conidial fungal was uncovered in this area of humid forest surrounded by the semiarid vegetation of Caatinga.

Resumo: Os sistemas remanescentes de água doce estão historicamente ameaçados, principalmente devido às atividades humanas, como agricultura e urbanização. As consequências de tais atividades são inúmeras, e entre elas há a diminuição de habitats adequados para a fauna ameaçada. No cerrado brasileiro, a odonatofauna de veredas e matas ripárias ainda são pouco exploradas, fato que dificulta os esforços de conservação do grupo. Assim, realizamos um inventário em diversos pontos urbanos e rurais com essas fitofisionomias em Uberlândia, na região do Triângulo Mineiro, oeste de Minas Gerais. No total, foram encontradas 101 espécies de Odonata, sete famílias e 46 gêneros no município, com 76 e 66 espécies, respectivamente, pertencentes a pontos de veredas e de matas. Dessa diversidade, oito espécies foram os primeiros registros no estado de Minas Gerais: Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 1909, Phyllocycla cf. medusa Belle, 1988, Diastatops intensa Montgomery, 1940, Oligoclada pachystigma Karsch, 1890, O. xanthopleura Borror, 1931, Angelagrion nathaliaeLencioni, 2008, Telebasis sanguinalis Calvert, 1909 e Telebasis simulacrum (Calvert, 1909). Nós também coletamos Erythrodiplax anaGuillermo-Ferreira & Vilela 2016, uma espécie listada como em perigo (EN) pela lista vermelha da IUCN. Além disso, incluímos algumas notas taxonômicas de fêmeas de Forcepsioneura machadorum, uma espécie recém-descoberta na região. Nossos resultados contribuem para o banco de dados Odonata no Brasil e destacam a importância dos inventários em ecossistemas aquáticos pouco explorados.

Abstract: Remaining freshwater systems are historically under threat mainly due to human activities such as agriculture and urbanization. The consequences of such activities are innumerous, and among them there is a decrease of suitable habitats for threatened fauna. In the Brazilian Cerrado, the odonatofauna of palm swamps and riparian forests are still poorly explored, a fact that difficult conservation efforts of the group. Thus, we performed an inventory in several urban and rural sites containing these phytophysiognomies in Uberlândia, Triângulo Mineiro region, western Minas Gerais state. In total, we found 101 Odonata species, seven families and 46 genera in the municipality, with 76 and 66 species, respectively, belonging to palm swamp and forest sites. From this diversity, eight species were first records in the state of Minas Gerais: Neuraeschna claviforcipata Martin, 1909, Phyllocycla cf. medusaBelle, 1988, Diastatops intensa Montgomery, 1940, Oligoclada pachystigma Karsch, 1890, O. xanthopleura Borror, 1931, Angelagrion nathaliaeLencioni, 2008, Telebasis sanguinalis Calvert, 1909 and Telebasis simulacrum (Calvert, 1909). We also sampled Erythrodiplax anaGuillermo-Ferreira & Vilela 2016, a species listed as endangered (EN) by the IUCN red list. Additionally, we include some taxonomic notes of Forcepsioneura machadorum females, a newly discovered species in the region. Our results contribute to the Odonata database in Brazil and highlights the importance inventories in poorly explored aquatic ecosystems.

Resumo: As aceleradas mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo levaram à perda e fragmentação de habitat das florestas naturais, principalmente devido a uma intensa e rápida expansão de áreas urbanas e ao intensivo manejo agrícola. Esses processos ameaçam fortemente a manutenção da biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistêmicos associados. Entre os serviços ecossistêmicos ameaçados, a polinização tem sido amplamente estudada, pois se trata de um serviço essencial para a produção de alimentos e, consequentemente, para o bem-estar humano. Em um cenário de crescentes mudanças no uso e cobertura do solo, é crucial entender a interação entre essas mudanças, a demanda de polinização por culturas dependentes de insetos e a disponibilidade de polinizadores para garantir que esse serviço ecossistêmico atenda o aumento da demanda produtiva de alimentos. Neste estudo, desenvolvemos um modelo conceitual para evidenciar as relações homem-natureza, especialmente as consequências das mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo sobre a prestação do serviço de polinização. Nós também apresentamos um estudo de caso no estado brasileiro de São Paulo, onde modelamos os efeitos de mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo associados à expansão de agricultura entre os anos de 2012 e 2030 e as demandas e oferta de polinizadores por cultura, para quatorze culturas economicamente importantes. Além disso, sistematizamos uma matriz de serviços ecossistêmicos baseada em conhecimento de especialistas para estimar as influências das mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo na provisão do serviço de polinização. Nossos resultados mostraram que até 2030, a demanda por polinização aumentará em média 40%, enquanto a oferta de polinizadores estimada, usando valores de adequação para as diferentes classes de uso e cobertura do solo, terá uma redução média de 3%. Nossos resultados destacam a importância do diálogo entre agricultores e outros importantes agentes impulsionando as mudanças de uso do solo, governos, instituições e cientistas para encontrar alternativas e estratégias para promover práticas favoráveis aos polinizadores e salvaguardar a prestação de serviços de polinização em cenários futuros de mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo.

Abstract: Rapid land-use/land cover changes (LULCC) have led to habitat loss and fragmentation in the natural forest areas, which are mainly due to the intense and rapid expansion of urban areas and intense agricultural management. These processes are strongly threatening biodiversity maintenance and the ecosystem services provided by them. Among the ecosystem services under threat, pollination has been widely studied since this service is essential to promote food production and, therefore, human well-being. In a scenario of increasing LULCC it is crucial to understand the interplay between these changes, pollination demand by insect-dependent crops and pollinator availability to ensure these ecosystem services meet the increased demand for food production. In this study, we developed a conceptual model to disentangle the relationships between human-nature, especially LULCC, and its consequences, to the delivery of pollination service. We also presented a case study in the Brazilian São Paulo state, where we modeled the effects of predicted LULCC associated to agriculture expansion between the years 2012 and 2030 on pollinator demand by crops and pollinator supply, for fourteen economically important crops. Additionally, we systematized an expert-based Ecosystem Service matrix to estimate the influences of LULCC on the provision of pollination. Our results showed that by 2030, the demand for pollination will increase by 40% on average, while pollinator supply, estimated using suitability values for the different land-use/cover classes, will show, on average, a 3% decrease. Our results highlight the importance of considering the dialogue among stakeholders, governments, institutions, and scientists to find alternatives and strategies to promote pollinator-friendly practices and safeguard the provision of pollination services in a future under LULCC.

Abstract Aims: The purpose of our study was to compare the hip and knee muscle activity before and after a hip abduction exercise program in women with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Methods: Eleven women with PFP were included in our pre/post design study. Participants were assessed before and after 12-week hip abduction exercise program. All participants performed 6 stair climbing repetitions, 3 sets of rope jumps over 30 s and 5 sets of 8 squats to standardize the physical activity level before data collection. We recorded the electromyographic activity from gluteus medius, vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) for double-legged squat with and without isometric hip abduction. Additionally, participants were asked to perform a step-down test to assess objective function (maximum number of repetitions over 30 s) and completed a clinical evaluation. Results: Longer duration of VM (Mean difference [95% CI]) = -0.97 [-1.48; -0.46], ES [effect size] = 0.66) and VL (-0.81 [-1.35; -0.27], ES = 0.54) were found after the hip abduction exercise program only for free squat. The participants also performed higher number of step-down repetitions (-3.54 [-5.84; -1.25], ES = 1.03) after the hip abduction exercise program and showed improvement in pain reports. Conclusion: A 12-week hip abduction exercise program changed the quadriceps muscle activation pattern and improved pain and objective function of women with PFP. The exercises promoted a longer VM and VL activation duration. Additionally, they promoted a clinical improvement in the patients with PFP.

Abstract Dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) are widely distributed among freshwater ecosystems of tropical and temperate environments. They are also particularly sensitive to anthropogenic changes. The objective of this study was to inventory the odonate fauna of a section of the Sucupira Reservoir on Rio Uberabinha, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to document the species composition of the odonate fauna during the dry and rainy seasons. The study also aimed to describe the distribution of the sampled species in Brazilian states. Sampling took place in August and September of 2017 (dry season) and in February and March of 2018 (rainy season), and recorded 860 individuals of 43 species belonging to 26 genera and six families. Six new records representing the families Gomphidae, Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae were recorded for the state of Minas Gerais. Seventeen species were collected only during the rainy season and eight only during the dry season, while 18 species were found in both seasons. The rainy season had greater abundance, with four times as many individuals as the dry season. This study increases the number of records for Odonata in the Minas Gerais state, and reinforces the trend for greater predominance of this group during the rainy season in this biome.

Resumo: Odonata é considerada a segunda ordem de insetos com maior número de espécies de insetos aquáticos. Sua riqueza global é estimada em cerca de 6.000 espécies descritas. A odonatofauna encontrada no Brasil representa cerca de 14% da riqueza mundial, no entanto, o conhecimento sobre a distribuição de libélulas brasileiras ainda é incipiente. Este estudo teve como objetivo um inventário das espécies de libélulas presentes em habitats aquáticos de uma Área Preservada de acordo com o Código Florestal Brasileiro, localizada no bioma Cerrado do Triângulo Mineiro, em Minas Gerais. Na estação seca, de abril a junho de 2017, foram coletados 680 espécimes pertencentes a 36 espécies e seis famílias. Entre as espécies coletadas, Elasmothemis williamsoni foi observada pela primeira vez no Estado de Minas Gerais, e foi encontrada também uma nova espécie de gênero Tigriagrion (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) que está sendo descrita. Considerando o rápido avanço da agricultura sobre os sistemas naturais do Cerrado, as listas de espécies podem ser importantes para definir áreas prioritárias para a conservação de espécies de Odonata.

Abstract: Odonata is considered, among the aquatic insect orders, the second largest group in number of species. Its global richness is estimated in about 6,000 described species. The Brazilian richness represents around 14% of the world's odonatofauna, however, the knowledge on Brazilian dragonflies distribution is still poor. This study purpose an inventory of the dragonflies species present in aquatic habitats from a Preserved Area according to the Brazilian Forest Code, located in the Cerrado biome at Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. In the dry season, from April to June of 2017, we collected 680 specimens belonging to 36 species and six families. Among the collected species, Elasmothemis williamsoni was observed by the first time in Minas Gerais State, and we also found a new species of Tigriagrion (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) which is being described by taxonomists. Considering the fast agricultural advance over natural Cerrado systems, species lists can be important to define priority conservation areas for odonate species.

Abstract Salmonella Gallinarum is a host-restrict pathogen that causes fowl typhoid, a severe systemic disease that is one of the major concerns to the poultry industry worldwide. When infecting the bird, SG makes use of evasion mechanisms to survive and to replicate within macrophages. In this context, phoPQ genes encode a two-component regulatory system (PhoPQ) that regulates virulence genes responsible for adaptation of Salmonella spp. to antimicrobial factors such as low pH, antimicrobial peptides and deprivation of bivalent cations. The role of the mentioned genes to SG remains to be investigated. In the present study a phoPQ-depleted SG strain (SG ΔphoPQ) was constructed and its virulence assessed in twenty-day-old laying hens susceptible to fowl typhoid. SG ΔphoPQ did cause neither clinical signs nor mortality in birds orally challenged, being non-pathogenic. Furthermore, this strain was not recovered from livers or spleens. On the other hand, chickens challenged subcutaneously with the mutant strain had discreet to moderate pathological changes and also low bacterial counts in liver and spleen tissues. These findings show that SG ΔphoPQ is attenuated to susceptible chickens and suggest that these genes are important during chicken infection by SG.

Resumo Objetivo Elaborar, validar e avaliar uma cartilha educativa para a promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil. Método Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido a partir da elaboração, validação e avaliação do material educativo por 30 juízes de conteúdo e três técnicos. Para validação, avaliou-se clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica, calculando-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para cada item; e aplicou-se o instrumento Suitability Assesment of Materials (SAM) para avaliação da cartilha. Resultados A cartilha teve como título “Você é capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho!” e foi elaborada tendo como referencial a Teoria da Autoeficácia. Os juízes de conteúdo atribuíram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) global de 0,88 para clareza da linguagem, 0,91 para pertinência prática e 0,92 para relevância teórica; e os juízes técnicos atribuíram IVC de 0,96, 1,00 e 1,00 para os mesmos itens avaliados, respectivamente. A avaliação dos juízes de conteúdo e técnicos a partir do SAM classificou o material como “superior”, com média de 88,7% e 90,1%, respectivamente. Conclusão A cartilha apresenta conteúdo e aparência adequados para a promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil.

Abstract Objective Elaborate, validate and evaluate an educational reader to promote maternal self-efficacy in the prevention of childhood diarrhea. Method Methodological study, developed based on the elaboration, validation and evaluation of educational material by 30 content judges and three technicians. For the validation, the clarity of the language, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance were considered, calculating the Content Validity Index for each item; and the tool Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) was applied to evaluate the reader. Results The reader was titled “You can prevent diarrhea in you child” was elaborated in the framework of Self-Efficacy Theory. The content judges attributed a global Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.88 for language clarity, 0.91 for practical pertinence and 0.92 for theoretical relevance; and the technical judges attributed CVI of 0.96, 1.00 and 1.00 for the same items assessed, respectively. The assessment of the content and technical judges based on the SAM tool classified the material as “superior”, with average coefficients of 88.7% and 90.1%, respectively. Conclusion The reader was considered appropriate in terms of face and content validation to promote maternal self-efficacy in the prevention of childhood diarrhea.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar, validar y evaluar una libreta educativa para la promoción de la Autoeficacia materna en la prevención de la diarrea infantil. Método Estudio metodológico desarrollado partiendo de la elaboración, validación y evaluación del material educativo por 30 expertos en contenido y tres técnicos. Para la validación se evaluó claridad del lenguaje, adecuación práctica y relevancia teórica, calculándose el Índice de Validez de Contenido para cada ítem; y se aplicó el instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) para evaluación de la libreta. Resultados La libreta se tituló “¡Tú eres capaz de prevenir la diarrea de tu hijo!”, y fue elaborada sobre el referencial de la Teoría de la Autoeficacia. Los expertos en contenido le otorgaron Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) global de 0,88 a la claridad del lenguaje, 0,91 a adecuación práctica y 0,92 a relevancia teórica; y los técnicos puntuaron con IVC de 0,96, 1,00 y 1,00 a los mismos ítems evaluados, respectivamente. La evaluación de los expertos en contenido y técnicos a partir del SAM clasificaron al material como “superior”, con promedio de 88,7% y 90,1%, respectivamente. Conclusión La libreta ofrece contenido y apariencia adecuados para promoción de Autoeficacia materna en la prevención de la diarrea infantil.

Abstract Objective Elaborate, validate and evaluate an educational reader to promote maternal self-efficacy in the prevention of childhood diarrhea. Method Methodological study, developed based on the elaboration, validation and evaluation of educational material by 30 content judges and three technicians. For the validation, the clarity of the language, practical pertinence and theoretical relevance were considered, calculating the Content Validity Index for each item; and the tool Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) was applied to evaluate the reader. Results The reader was titled “You can prevent diarrhea in you child” was elaborated in the framework of Self-Efficacy Theory. The content judges attributed a global Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.88 for language clarity, 0.91 for practical pertinence and 0.92 for theoretical relevance; and the technical judges attributed CVI of 0.96, 1.00 and 1.00 for the same items assessed, respectively. The assessment of the content and technical judges based on the SAM tool classified the material as “superior”, with average coefficients of 88.7% and 90.1%, respectively. Conclusion The reader was considered appropriate in terms of face and content validation to promote maternal self-efficacy in the prevention of childhood diarrhea.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar, validar y evaluar una libreta educativa para la promoción de la Autoeficacia materna en la prevención de la diarrea infantil. Método Estudio metodológico desarrollado partiendo de la elaboración, validación y evaluación del material educativo por 30 expertos en contenido y tres técnicos. Para la validación se evaluó claridad del lenguaje, adecuación práctica y relevancia teórica, calculándose el Índice de Validez de Contenido para cada ítem; y se aplicó el instrumento Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) para evaluación de la libreta. Resultados La libreta se tituló “¡Tú eres capaz de prevenir la diarrea de tu hijo!”, y fue elaborada sobre el referencial de la Teoría de la Autoeficacia. Los expertos en contenido le otorgaron Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) global de 0,88 a la claridad del lenguaje, 0,91 a adecuación práctica y 0,92 a relevancia teórica; y los técnicos puntuaron con IVC de 0,96, 1,00 y 1,00 a los mismos ítems evaluados, respectivamente. La evaluación de los expertos en contenido y técnicos a partir del SAM clasificaron al material como “superior”, con promedio de 88,7% y 90,1%, respectivamente. Conclusión La libreta ofrece contenido y apariencia adecuados para promoción de Autoeficacia materna en la prevención de la diarrea infantil.

Resumo Objetivo Elaborar, validar e avaliar uma cartilha educativa para a promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil. Método Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido a partir da elaboração, validação e avaliação do material educativo por 30 juízes de conteúdo e três técnicos. Para validação, avaliou-se clareza da linguagem, pertinência prática e relevância teórica, calculando-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo para cada item; e aplicou-se o instrumento Suitability Assesment of Materials (SAM) para avaliação da cartilha. Resultados A cartilha teve como título “Você é capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho!” e foi elaborada tendo como referencial a Teoria da Autoeficácia. Os juízes de conteúdo atribuíram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) global de 0,88 para clareza da linguagem, 0,91 para pertinência prática e 0,92 para relevância teórica; e os juízes técnicos atribuíram IVC de 0,96, 1,00 e 1,00 para os mesmos itens avaliados, respectivamente. A avaliação dos juízes de conteúdo e técnicos a partir do SAM classificou o material como “superior”, com média de 88,7% e 90,1%, respectivamente. Conclusão A cartilha apresenta conteúdo e aparência adequados para a promoção da autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil.

RESUMO Objetivo: validar uma cartilha educativa, quanto a conteúdo e aparência, elaborada para promover a autoeficácia materna na prevenção da diarreia infantil. Método: estudo metodológico com participação de 31 mães de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade, no qual se procedeu à validação da cartilha Você é capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho! a partir do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC), sendo avaliada quanto aos domínios compreensão, atratividade, autoeficácia, aceitação cultural e persuasão. Resultados: a cartilha foi considerada clara e relevante, com média de concordância de 99,4% e 99,8%, respectivamente. O IVC global foi de 0,99, evidenciando nível satisfatório de concordância entre as mães. A avaliação dos domínios gerou resultados satisfatórios. Conclusão: a cartilha foi considerada válida pelo público-alvo, podendo ser implementada para promoção da confiança materna em prevenir a diarreia infantil.

ABSTRACT Objective: to validate an educational primer, regarding content and design, for promoting maternal self-efficacy in preventing childhood diarrhea. Method: methodological study composed of 31 mothers of children under five years of age, in which the validation of the primer You can prevent diarrhea in your child! was carried out from the Content Validity Index (CVI), being evaluated as to the domains understanding, attractiveness, self-efficacy, cultural acceptance, and persuasion. Results: the primer was considered relevant and clear, with average concordance of 99.4% and 99.8%, respectively. The overall CVI was of 0.99, evidencing satisfactory level of agreement between the mothers. The assessment of domains generated satisfactory results. Conclusion: the primer was considered valid by the target audience; thus, it can be implemented for promoting maternal confidence to prevent childhood diarrhea.

RESUMEN Objetivo: validar una cartilla educativa, cuanto al contenido y la apariencia, elaborada para promocionar la autoeficacia materna en la prevención de la diarrea infantil. Método: Estudio metodológico con participación de 31 madres de niños menores de cinco años de edad, en el cual se ha procedido a la validez de la cartilla ¡Usted es capaz de prevenir la diarrea en su hijo! (en portugués: Você é capaz de prevenir a diarreia no seu filho!) desde el Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC), siendo evaluada cuanto a los dominios comprensión, atracción, autoeficacia, aceptación cultural y persuasión. Resultados: La cartilla ha sido considerada clara y relevante, con el promedio de concordancia del 99,4% y del 99,8%, respectivamente. El IVC global ha sido de 0,99, evidenciando nivel satisfactorio de concordancia entre las madres. La evaluación de los dominios ha generado resultados satisfactorios. Conclusión: La cartilla ha sido considerada válida por el público-objetivo, pudiendo ser implementada para promoción de la confiabilidad materna en prevenir la diarrea infantil.

ABSTRACT In the search for new anti-schistosomal agents, a series of fifteen ortho-nitrobenzyl derivatives was assayed in vitro against both the schistosomulum (somule) and adult forms of Schistosoma mansoni. Compounds 8 and 12 showed significant activity against somules at low micromolar concentrations, but none was active against adults. The SAR demonstrated that the compounds most active against the parasite were mutagenic to the human cell line RKO-AS45-1 only at concentrations 10- to 40-fold higher than the worm-killing dose. Given their electrophilicity, compounds were also screened as inhibitors of the S. mansoni cysteine protease (cathepsin B1) in vitro. Amides 5 and 15 exhibited a modest inhibition activity with values of 55.7 and 50.6 % at 100 µM, respectively. The nitrobenzyl compounds evaluated in this work can be regarded as hits in the search for more active and safe anti-schistosomal agents.