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EFFECT OF pH ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WOOD VINEGAR (PYROLIGNEOUS EXTRACT) FROM EUCALYPTUS
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Gama, Gil Sander Próspero

; Pimenta, Alexandre Santos

; Feijó, Francisco Marlon Carneiro

; Santos, Caio Sérgio dos

; Castro, Renato Vinicius de Oliveira

; Azevedo, Tatiane Kelly Barbosa de

; Medeiros, Lúcio César Dantas de

Revista Árvore

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2023, Volume 47 elocation e4711

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the effect of progressive neutralization on the antimicrobial properties against bacteria and yeasts of wood vinegar obtained from the pyrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone I144) wood. Wood samples were carbonized at a heating rate of 0.9 °C min-1 until a final temperature of 450 °C, totalizing 8 hours of carbonization. The raw pyrolysis liquids were left to settle, and the aqueous fraction was separated. Then, the aqueous fraction (raw wood vinegar - WV) was purified to yield the WV. WV samples were collected and neutralized from pH 2.5 until 7.5 (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5, by adding NaOH solution. Through the broth microdilution method, the antimicrobial effect of the neutralized samples at each pH was assessed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus agalactiae (CEPA CLINICA), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (and fungicidal) concentrations were determined through in vitro technics. Results were subjected to logarithmic regression analysis, and statistical models were fitted for each microorganism in the assessed pH range; as pH increased, a progressive decrease in the CIM increased, demanding higher concentrations of WV to inhibit microbial growth. The more resistant strains were S. aureus and S. agalactiae, which required an increase in WV concentration from a minimum of 6.25% at pH 2.5 to reaching 50% at pH 6.0. When at pH 7.0, both strains were not inhibited even at 50% (the highest concentration evaluated in the study). In contrast, C. albicans proved to be the most sensitive strain, starting from 3.12% EP at pH 2.5 and requiring only 25% for inhibition at pH 7.0. The behavior of P. aeruginosa and S. enteritidis followed the pattern of C. albicans, differing only at pH 7.0, where they required 50% of EP. As observed, even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH, the inhibitory activity of EP on microbial growth was maintained to some extent. Nevertheless, even when neutral and slightly alkaline pH values are reached, the inhibitory activity remains at a certain level. Higher pH values of the WV were associated with lower antimicrobial activity. However, its activity remained even at neutral and slightly alkaline pH values.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da neutralização progressiva na atividade antimicrobiana do extrato pirolenhoso (EP) da madeira do híbrido Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis (clone I144). Amostras de madeira foram carbonizadas a uma taxa de aquecimento de 0.9 °C min-1 até a temperatura final de 450 °C, perfazendo 8 horas de carbonização. Os líquidos brutos da carbonização foram deixados em repouso e a fração aquosa foi separada. A fração aquosa correspondente ao EP bruto foi destilada obtendo o EP purificado. Alíquotas de EP purificado foram progressivamente neutralizadas do pH 2.5 até 7.5, respectivamente, 2,5, 3,0, 3,5, 4,0, 4,5, 5,0, 5,5, 6,0, 6,5, 7,0, e 7,5, por meio da adição de NaOH. Com o método da micro-diluição em caldo, o efeito antimicrobiano das amostras neutralizadas em cada pH foi avaliado contra Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus agalactiae (CEPA CLINICA) e Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). As concentrações inibitórias mínimas e as concentrações bactericida e fungicida mínimas foram determinadas por técnicas in vitro. Os resultados foram analisados por regressão logarítmica e modelos estatísticos foram ajustados para cada microrganismo em cada pH. Na determinação da CIM, foi detectada uma perda progressiva da atividade antimicrobiana do EP com a neutralização, exigindo, conforme o pH caminhava para 7.0, concentrações mais elevadas de EP para resultar em inibição. As cepas que demonstraram maior resistência foram S. aureus e S. agalactiae. Esses microrganismos partiram da exigência de concentrações de 6.25% de EP, em pH inicial (2.5), e chegaram a requerer 50% em pH 6.0. Quando em pH 7.0, ambas as cepas não foram inibidas nem a 50% (maior concentração avaliada no estudo). Em contrapartida, C. albicans se mostrou a cepa mais sensível, partindo de 3.12% de EP, em pH de 2.5, e exigindo apenas 25% para inibição em pH 7.0. O comportamento de P. aeruginosa e S. enteritidis acompanhou o padrão da C. albicans, diferenciando-se apenas em pH 7.0, onde exigiram 50% de EP. Como observado, mesmo em pH neutro e ligeiramente alcalino, a atividade inibitória do EP ao crescimento microbiano se manteve em certa extensão.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820230000011

Embolia pulmonar aguda extensa como complicação de COVID-19 oligossintomática: relato de caso
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Barbosa Junior, Ailton Carvalho

; Faria, Lívia Silva de Paula

; Gloria, Larissa Freitas Peixoto

; Silva, Graziella Viana da

; Oliveira, Paulo Henrique Ribeiro de

; Araujo, Fabiano Vieira de

; Pessanha, Felipe Eulalio Baldi

Jornal Vascular Brasileiro

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2021, Volume 20 elocation e20200239

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Apesar de a fisiopatologia da coagulopatia associada à doença do coronavírus 2019 (COVID‐19) não ser bem conhecida, a ocorrência de embolia pulmonar (EP) é frequentemente observada. No entanto, foram descritos na literatura poucos casos de pacientes que tiveram COVID-19 oligossintomática, sem nenhum fator de risco para tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) e que apresentaram EP aguda extensa. Relatamos um caso de paciente com COVID-19 oligossintomática, complicada por trombose venosa profunda e, posteriormente, EP aguda extensa, sugerindo que esses quadros devem ser considerados de forma sistemática mesmo em pacientes com COVID-19 oligossintomática e sem fatores de risco conhecidos para TEV.

Abstract Although the pathophysiology of coagulopathy associated with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is not well known, occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequently observed. However, few cases have been described in the literature in which patients who had asymptomatic COVID-19, with no risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), presented extensive acute PE. We report the case of a patient with asymptomatic COVID-19, complicated by deep vein thrombosis and later by extensive acute PE, suggesting that these conditions should be systematically considered, even in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with no known risk factors for VTE.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.200239 243 downloads

Influence of environmental temperature and electrolyte balance on the performance of quails (Coturnix Coturnix Coturnix)
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Barbosa Lima, R

; Silva, JHV da

; Givisiez, PEN

; Martins, TDD

; Saraiva, EP

; Costa, FGP

; Macari, M

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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sep 2014, Volume 16 N. 3 Pages 249 - 256

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

High environmental temperatures have a negative effect on the production efficiency of poultry reared in hot climates. This study evaluated the efficiency of electrolyte supplementation under high environmental temperature conditions by manipulating water and feed electrolyte balance (EB) on the survival and performance of European quails. In experiment 1, a completely randomized experimental design was applied in a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted in four feed EB values (0, 120, 240, 360 mEq/kg), and two environmental temperatures (25 and 34 ºC). Feed electrolyte balance was manipulated by the addition of sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. In experiment 2, birds were randomly distributed according to a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted in five BE values in the drinking water (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 mEq/L) and two environmental temperatures (25 and 34 °C). Only sodium bicarbonate was added to the water to obtain the different BE values. The experiments were carried out simultaneously in environmental chambers at constant temperatures with 20- to 37-d-old quails. Most evaluated parameters were influenced by temperature in both experiments. In experiment 1, EB affected water intake and intestinal length. In experiment 2, EB values influenced (p < 0.05) water intake and heart and liver relative weights. Electrolyte balance values of 120 mEq/kg of feed and of 30 mEq/L of drinking water are recommended to increase water intake of grower European quails reared under hot temperature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1603249-256 3959 downloads

A experiência da educação permanente como estratégia de gestão com os auxiliares de enfermagem
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Pereira, Franciele Malavazi

; Barbosa, Vanessa Baliego de Andrade

; Vernasque, Juliana Ribeiro da Silva

Reme: Revista Mineira de Enfermagem

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mar 2014, Volume 18 N. 1 Pages 228 - 235

Abstract: En Es Pt | Text: En Es Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es | PDF: Pt

This paper describes the experience of continuing education for nursing assistants at a Maternal and Child Hospital from June to October 2012. It is a qualitative study whose data was collected through participant observation and recorded in a field diary following a specific roadmap. It focussed on the participants' attendance, on the use of action-reflection-action model and on evaluation. The project was approved by the research ethics committee of the School of Medicine of Marilia, under protocol No. 638/12. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. Discussion of results used Paulo Freire's concepts (1987). After data analysis using units of meaning and categorization process, two main themes emerged, namely: experiencing action-reflection-action in continuing education groups; and weaknesses of the process of continuing education. Such experiences demonstrate that continuing education in the health services is a powerful strategy to promote changes in work processes, since continuing education programs contribute to a more active stance of individuals, promote co-management and the horizontality of power relations within institutions.

Este trabajo narra la experiencia de educación permanente (EP) realizada con auxiliares de enfermería de un Hospital Materno Infantil entre junio y octubre de 2012. Se trata de un estudio de naturaleza cualitativa cuyos datos fueron recogidos a través de la observación participante. Las notas se apuntaron en un diario de campo, con un guión específico, foco en la frecuencia de los participantes, conducción del grupo con enfoque en la realización de la acción - reflexión - acción y en los momentos de evaluación. El proyecto fue sometido y aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación en seres humanos de la Facultad de Medicina de Marília, protocolo 638/12. Los datos fueron analizados según la técnica de análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. La discusión de los resultados se realizó a la luz de la teoría de Paulo Freire (1987). Después del análisis de datos por medio de las unidades de significado y proceso de clasificación emergieron dos temáticas esenciales: Viviendo el proceso de acción - reflexión - acción en los encuentros de educación permanente y fragilidades encontradas en el proceso de educación permanente. Experiencias como ésta demuestran que la educación permanente en los servicios de salud es una estrategia potente para la promoción de cambios en los procesos de trabajo. De esta forma, el trabajador que tiene la oportunidad de estar en un grupo de EP se ve y se coloca de modo más activo y participativo, proporcionando una gestión más compartida y un poder más horizontal en las instituciones.

Este trabalho relata a experiência da educação permanente (EP) realizada com os auxiliares de enfermagem no Hospital Materno-Infantil no período de junho a outubro do ano de 2012. Trata-se de estudo de natureza qualitativa e optou-se em realizar a coleta de dados a partir da observação participante, que foi toda registrada em diário de campo com roteiro específico, com foco na frequência dos participantes, condução do grupo com enfoque na realização da ação-reflexão-ação e nos momentos de avaliação. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, protocolo número 638/12. Os dados foram analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Utilizou-se Paulo Freire (1987) para iluminar a discussão dos resultados. Após a análise dos dados por meio das unidades de significado e processo de categorização emergiram duas temáticas essenciais, sendo elas: vivenciando o processo de ação-reflexão-ação nos encontros de educação permanente e fragilidades encontradas no processo de educação permanente. Experiências como esta demonstram que a educação permanente nos serviços de saúde é uma estratégia potente para a promoção de mudanças nos processos de trabalho, no sentido de que o trabalhador que tem a oportunidade de estar num grupo de EP se enxerga e se posiciona de modo mais ativo e participativo, proporcionando gestão mais compartilhada e poder mais horizontalizado nas instituições.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20140018 9 downloads

Motor performance and habitual physical activity in individuals with Parkinson's disease
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Guimarães, A. V.

; Barbosa, A. R.

Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte

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sep 2013, Volume 6 N. 3 Pages 96 - 100

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Objetive. To investigate the association between motor performance and habitual physical activity in individuals of mild and moderate stage of the Parkinson's disease (PD). Method. This cross-sectional study involved subjects with PD, between stages 0 to 3 of the modified scale of Hoehn and Yahr. Motor performance tests used were: handgrip strength, evaluated by dynamometer (kg) and the test "chair stand" (seconds) (sit and standing test). The Baecke questionnaire analyzed the scores of habitual physical activity in the last 12 months (occupational physical activity - OPA; leisure time exercise - LTE; leisure and locomotion activity - LLA; and total score - TS). Results. Thirty-six individuals with PD took part in the study (13 women). The time of the disease diagnosis was higher in individuals classified in moderate stage of PD (2-3) than in individuals on mild stage (0 -1.5) (p = 0.04). In individuals in the mild stage of the disease, the linear regression showed the association between: handgrip strength and the scores LTE (R² = 0.31, p = 0.013) and TS (R²= 0.34, p = 0.009) of habitual physical activity; and performance in the "chair stand" test and TS (R² = 0.46, p = 0.003) of habitual physical activity. Conclusion. There is an association between the motor performance and total score of habitual physical activity in individuals with mild stage of the PD. The results suggest that the higher total habitual physical activity score, the better is the handgrip strength, and lesser is the runtime of "chair stand" test.

Objetivo. Investigar la asociación entre el desempeño motor y actividad física habitual (AFH) en individuos en los grados leve y moderado de la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Método. El estudio contó con individuos con EP, entre los grados 0-3 de la escala modificada de Hoehn y Yahr. Las pruebas de desempeño motor utilizados fueron: fuerza de la mano, evaluada por el dinamómetro (kg) y la prueba de "sentarse y levantarse" (segundos). El cuestionario Baecke analizó las puntuaciones de AFH en los últimos 12 meses (actividad física laboral - AFL; ejercicios físicos de ocio EFO; actividades de ocio y locomoción - AOL, y puntaje total - PT). Resultados. Treinta y seis personas con EP participaron en el estudio (13 mujeres). El tiempo medio de diagnóstico fue mayor en los individuos clasificados en el grado moderado de la EP (2-3), comparado con los individuos en el grado leve (0-1,5) (p = 0,04). En los individuos con grado leve de la enfermedad, la regresión lineal mostró la asociación entre: a) fuerza de mano y el puntaje de EFO (R² = 0,31; p = 0,013) y PT (R² = 0,34; p = 0,009) de AFH; b) desempeño en la prueba "sentarse y levantarse" y PT (R² = 0,46; p = 0,003) de la actividad física habitual. Conclusión. Existe asociación entre el desempeño motor y PT de la AFH, en individuos en el grado leve de la EP. Los resultados sugieren que cuanto mayor es el PT de la AFH, mejor es la fuerza de mano y, más reducido es el tiempo de ejecución en la prueba de "sentarse y levantarse".

655 downloads

I Diretriz de Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar e Cuidados Cardiovasculares de Emergência da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia
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Gonzalez, MM

; Timerman, S

; Gianotto-Oliveira, R

; Polastri, TF

; Canesin, MF

; Schimidt, A

; Siqueira, AW

; Pispico, A

; Longo, A

; Pieri, A

; Reis, A

; Tanaka, ACS

; Santos, AM

; Quilici, AP

; Ribeiro, ACL

; Barreto, ACP

; Pazin-Filho, A

; Timerman, A

; Machado, CA

; Franchin Neto, C

; Miranda, CH

; Medeiros, CR

; Malaque, CMS

; Bernoche, C

; Gonçalves, DM

; Sant'Ana, DG

; Osawa, EA

; Peixoto, E

; Arfelli, E

; Evaristo, EF

; Azeka, E

; Gomes, EP

; Wen, FH

; Ferreira, FG

; Lima, FG

; Mattos, FR

; Galas, FG

; Marques, FRB

; Tarasoutchi, F

; Mancuso, FJN

; Freitas, GR

; Feitosa-Filho, GS

; Barbosa, GC

; Giovanini, GR

; Miotto, HC

; Guimarães, HP

; Andrade, JP

; Oliveira-Filho, J

; Fernandes, JG

; Moraes Junior, JBMX

; Carvalho, JJF

; Ramires, JAF

; Cavalini, JF

; Teles, JMM

; Lopes, JL

; Lopes, LNGD

; Piegas, LS

; Hajjar, LA

; Brunório, L

; Dallan, LAP

; Cardoso, LF

; Rabelo, MMN

; Almeida, MFB

; Souza, MFS

; Favarato, MH

; Pavão, MLRC

; Shimoda, MS

; Oliveira Junior, MT

; Miura, N

; Filgueiras Filho, NM

; Pontes-Neto, OM

; Pinheiro, PAPC

; Farsky, OS

; Lopes, RD

; Silva, RCG

; Kalil Filho, R

; Gonçalves, RM

; Gagliardi, RJ

; Guinsburg, R

; Lisak, S

; Araújo, S

; Martins, SCO

; Lage, SG

; Franchi, SM

; Shimoda, T

; Accorsi, TD

; Barral, TCN

; Machado, TAO

; Scudeler, TL

; Lima, VC

; Guimarães, VA

; Sallai, VS

; Xavier, WS

; Nazima, W

; Sako, YK

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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aug 2013, Volume 101 N. 2 Pages 1 - 221

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.2013S006 554620 downloads

Effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the performance, carcass yield, and intestinal morphometrics of broilers submitted to heat stress
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Sakomura, NK

; Barbosa, NAA

; Longo, FA

; Silva, EP da

; Bonato, MA

; Fernandes, JBK

Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science

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jun 2013, Volume 15 N. 2 Pages 105 - 112

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of betaine in methionine- and choline-reduced diets fed to broilers submitted to heat stress. In total, 1,408 male broilers were randomly distributed into eight treatments, according to 2 x 4 (environment x diet) factorial arrangement, with eight replicates of 2 birds each. Birds were reared environmental chambers under controlled temperature (25-26 °C) or cyclic heat-stressing temperature (25-31 °C). The following diets were tested: positive control (PC), formulated to meet broiler nutritional requirements; negative control (NC), with reduced DL-methionine and choline chloride levels; and with two supplementation levels of natural betaine to the negative control diet (NC+NB1 and NC+NB2). Live performance, carcass traits, and intestinal morphometrics were evaluated when broilers were 45 days of age. The results showed that all evaluated parameters were influenced by the interaction between environment and diet, except for breast meat drip loss. The breakdown of the interactions showed that birds fed the PC diet and reared in the controlled environment had greater breast drip loss than those submitted to the cyclic heat-stress environment. Birds submitted to cyclic heat stress and fed the PC diet presented the lowest feed intake. Feed conversion ratio was influenced only by diet. The FCR of broilers fed the NC+NB2 diet was intermediate relative to those fed the PC and NC diets. The addition of betaine in the diet, with 11.18% digestible methionine and 24.73% total choline reductions, did not affect broiler live performance, carcass yield, or intestinal morphometrics.

5124 downloads

Florística e fitossociologia em parcelas permanentes da Mata Atlântica do sudeste do Brasil ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal
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Joly, Carlos Alfredo

; Assis, Marco Antonio

; Bernacci, Luis Carlos

; Tamashiro, Jorge Yoshio

; Campos, Mariana Cruz Rodrigues de

; Gomes, José Ataliba Mantelli Aboin

; Lacerda, Maryland Sanchez

; Santos, Flávio Antonio Mães dos

; Pedroni, Fernando

; Pereira, Larissa de Souza

; Padgurschi, Maíra de Campos Gorgulho

; Prata, Eduardo Magalhães Borges

; Ramos, Eliana

; Torres, Roseli Buzanelli

; Rochelle, André

; Martins, Fernando Roberto

; Alves, Luciana Ferreira

; Vieira, Simone Aparecida

; Martinelli, Luiz Antonio

; Camargo, Plínio Barbosa de

; Aidar, Marcos Pereira Marinho

; Eisenlohr, Pedro Vasconcellos

; Simões, Eliane

; Villani, João Paulo

; Belinello, Renato

Biota Neotropica

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mar 2012, Volume 12 N. 1 Pages 125 - 145

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este trabalho resume os dados de florística e fitossociologia de 11, das 14 parcelas de 1 ha, alocadas ao longo do gradiente altitudinal da Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brasil. As parcelas começam na cota 10 m (Floresta de Restinga da Praia da Fazenda, município de Ubatuba) e estão distribuídas até a cota 1100 m (Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana da Trilha do rio Itamambuca, município de São Luis do Paraitinga) abrangendo os Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Na Restinga o solo é Neossolo Quartzarênico francamente arenoso, enquanto que na encosta o solo é um Cambisolo Háplico Distrófico argilo-arenoso, sendo que todas as parcelas apresentaram solo ácido (pH 3 - 4) com alta diluição de nutrientes e alta saturação de alumínio. Na Restinga e no sopé da encosta o clima é Tropical/Subtropical Úmido (Af/Cfa), sem estação seca, com precipitação média anual superior a 2.200 mm e temperatura média anual de 22 ºC. Subindo a encosta mantêm-se a média de precipitação, mas há um gradativo resfriamento, de forma que a 1.100 m o clima é Subtropical Úmido (Cfa/Cfb), sem estação seca, com temperatura média anual de 17 ºC. Destaca-se ainda que, quase diariamente, a parte superior da encosta, geralmente acima de 400 m, é coberta por uma densa neblina. Nas 14 parcelas foram marcados, medidos e amostrados 21.733 indivíduos com DAP > 4,8 cm, incluindo árvores, palmeiras e fetos arborescentes. O número médio de indivíduos amostrados nas 14 parcelas foi de 1.264 ind.ha-1 (± 218 EP de 95%). Dentro dos parâmetros considerados predominaram as árvores (71% FOD Montana a 90% na Restinga), seguidas de palmeiras (10% na Restinga a 25% na FOD Montana) e fetos arborescentes (0% na Restinga a 4% na FOD Montana). Neste aspecto destaca-se a FOD Terras Baixas Exploradas com apenas 1,8% de palmeiras e surpreendentes 10% de fetos arborescentes. O dossel é irregular, com altura variando de 7 a 9 m, raramente as árvores emergentes chegam a 18 m, e a irregularidade do dossel permite a entrada de luz suficiente para o desenvolvimento de centenas de espécies epífitas. Com exceção da FOD Montana, onde o número de mortos foi superior a 5% dos indivíduos amostrados, nas demais fitofisionomias este valor ficou abaixo de 2,5%. Nas 11 parcelas onde foi realizado o estudo florístico foram encontradas 562 espécies distribuídas em 195 gêneros e 68 famílias. Apenas sete espécies - Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae), Calyptranthes lucida Mart. ex DC. e Marlierea tomentosa Cambess (ambas Myrtaceae), Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (Nyctaginaceae), Cupania oblongifolia Mart. (Sapindaceae) e as Urticaceae Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. e Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini - ocorreram da Floresta de Restinga à FOD Montana, enquanto outras 12 espécies só não ocorreram na Floresta de Restinga. As famílias com o maior número de espécies são Myrtaceae (133 spp), Fabaceae (47 spp), Rubiaceae (49) e Lauraceae (49) ao longo de todo gradiente da FOD e Monimiaceae (21) especificamente nas parcelas da FOD Montana. Em termos de número de indivíduos as famílias mais importantes foram Arecaceae, Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae, Lauraceae e na FOD Montana, Monimiaceae. Somente na parcela F, onde ocorreu exploração de madeira entre 1960 e 1985, a abundância de palmeiras foi substituída pelas Cyatheaceae. O gradiente estudado apresenta um pico da diversidade e riqueza nas altitudes intermediárias (300 a 400 m) ao longo da encosta (índice de Shannon-Weiner - H' - variando de 3,96 a 4,48 nats.indivíduo -1). Diversas explicações para este resultado são apresentadas neste trabalho, incluindo o fato dessas altitudes estarem nos limites das expansões e retrações das diferentes fitofisionomias da FOD Atlântica durante as flutuações climáticas do Pleistoceno. Os dados aqui apresentados demonstram a extraordinária riqueza de espécies arbóreas da Floresta Ombrófila Densa Atlântica dos Núcleos Picinguaba e Santa Virgínia do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, reforçando a importância de sua conservação ao longo de todo o gradiente altitudinal. A diversidade desta floresta justifica também o investimento de longo prazo, através de parcelas permanentes, para compreender sua dinâmica e funcionamento, bem como monitorar o impacto das mudanças climáticas nessa vegetação.

This paper summarizes floristic and phytossociology data of 11, out of 14 plots of 1 ha, allocated along an altitudinal gradient in the Serra do Mar, São Paulo, Brazil. The study was conducted at Serra do Mar State Park and the plots start at the sea level (10 m - plot of Restinga Forest that occurs at Praia da Fazenda, Picinguaba, municipality of Ubatuba) up to 1100 m above sea level (the Montane Ombrophilous Dense occurs alongside the Itamambuca Trail, municipality of São Luis do Paraitinga). The Restinga Forest occurs in Pleistocenic Coastal Plain where the soil is classified as a sandy Quartzipsamment (Quartzenic Neosol), while along the slopes of the Serra do Mar, the Ombrophylus Dense Forest grows on the top of a pre-Cambrian crystalline basement with granitic rocks, where the soil is a sandy-loam Dystrophic Inceptisol (Cambisol/Latosol). In all 14 plots soils are acidic (pH 3 - 4), chemically poor, with high dilution of nutrients and high saturation of aluminum. In the Restinga and at the foot of the slope the climate is Tropical/Subtropical Humid (Af/Cfa), with no dry season, an average annual rainfall over 2,200 mm and an average annual temperature of 22 ºC. Towards the top of the Serra do Mar there is a gradual cooling along the slope, but there is no reduction in rainfall, so at 1,100 m above sea level the climate is classified as Humid Subtropical (Cfa/Cfb), with no dry season and an average annual temperature of 17 ºC. It is important to remark that, almost daily, from 400 m above sea level up to the top of slopes the mountains are covered by a dense fog. In the 14 plots 21,733 individuals with DBH > 4.8 cm, including trees, palms and ferns, were marked, measured and sampled. The average number of individuals sampled in each plot was 1264 ind.ha-1(± 218 SE 95%). Within the parameters considered trees prevailed (71% in the Montane ODF to 90% in the Restinga Forest), followed by palms (10% in the RF and 25% in the Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest/ODF) and ferns (0% % in the RF and 4% in the Montane ODF). Regarding these proportions the Exploited Lowlands ODF differs from the others with only 1.8% of palm trees and striking 10% of ferns. The forest canopy is irregular with heights ranging from 7 to 9 m, rarely emergent trees reach 18 m, and due to this irregularity of the canopy the amount of light that gets through sets conditions for the development of hundreds of epiphytic species. Aside from Montana ODF, where the number of dead trees was more than 5% of individuals sampled, in the other phytophysiognomies this value was below 2.5%. In the 11 plots where the floristic study was conducted we found 562 species in 195 genera and 68 families. Only seven species - Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae), Calyptranthes lucida Mart. ex DC. and Marlierea tomentosa Cambess (both Myrtaceae), Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz (Nyctaginaceae), Cupania oblongifolia Mart. (Sapindaceae), Cecropia glaziovii Snethl. and Coussapoa microcarpa (Schott) Rizzini (both Urticaceae) - occurred from Restinga to Montane ODF, while 12 other species did not occur only in the Restinga Forest. Families with the greatest number of species are Myrtaceae (133 spp), Fabaceae (47 spp), Rubiaceae (49) and Lauraceae (49) throughout the gradient and Monimiaceae (21) specifically in portions Montane ODF. Only in the F plot, where logging has occurred between 1950 and 1985, the abundance of palm trees has been replaced by Cyatheaceae. The study shows a peak of diversity and richness, Shannon-Weiner index (H') ranging from 3.96 to 4.48 nats.ind-1, in the intermediate altitudes (300 to 400 m) along the slope. Several explanations for this result are raised here, including the fact that these elevations are within the limits expansions and retractions of the different phytophysiognomies of the Atlantic ODF due to climate fluctuations during the Pleistocene. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the extraordinary richness of tree species of the Atlantic Rainforest from the northeastern coast of the State of Sao Paulo, reinforcing the importance of its conservation throughout the altitudinal gradient. The richness of this forest justifies a long term commitment to study its dynamics and functioning through permanent plots, and monitor the impacts of climate change in this vegetation.

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The endangered butterfly Charonias theano (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): current status, threats and its rediscovery in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
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Freitas, AVL

; Kaminski, LA

; Iserhard, CA

; Barbosa, EP

; Marini Filho, OJ

Neotropical Entomology

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dec 2011, Volume 40 N. 6 Pages 669 - 676

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The pierid Charonias theano (Boisduval), an endangered butterfly species, has been rarely observed in nature, and has not been recorded in the state of São Paulo in the last 50 years despite numerous efforts to locate extant colonies. Based on museum specimens and personal information, C. theano was known from 26 sites in southeastern and southern Brazil. Recently, an apparently viable population was recorded in a new locality, at Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo, with several individuals observed during two weeks in April, 2011. The existence of this population at Serra do Japi is an important finding, since this site represents one of the few large forested protected areas where the species could potentially persist not only in the state of São Paulo, but within its entire historical distribution.

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Immature stages of the Brazilian crescent butterfly Ortilia liriope (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
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Silva, PL

; Oliveira, NP

; Barbosa, EP

; Okada, Y

; Kaminski, LA

; Freitas, AVL

Neotropical Entomology

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jun 2011, Volume 40 N. 3 Pages 322 - 327

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

We provide the first information on the morphology of the immature stages (egg, larva, and pupa), oviposition and larval behavior, and host plant, for the Brazilian crescent butterfly Ortilia liriope (Cramer), based on material from Santarém Municipality, Pará State, Northern Brazil. Females of O. liriope lay eggs in clusters. After hatching, larvae eat the exochorion and remain gregarious in all but the final instar. The host plant recorded in the study site is Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae). Despite the scarcity of data on the immature stages of Neotropical Melitaeini, we can already say that some morphological and behavioral traits observed in the immature stages of O. liriope are also present in all known genera in this tribe.

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11.

Ainda a questão dos sujeitos pré-verbais em PE: uma resposta a Costa (2001)
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Barbosa, Pilar P.

DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada

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2006, Volume 22 N. 2 Pages 345 - 402

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Este artigo examina os argumentos de Costa 2001 contra a proposta de que os sujeitos não se elevam por movimento A para Spec-IP em Português Europeu (PE) e defende que nenhum deles infirma a referida proposta. Apesar de esta parecer, à partida, contra-intuitiva, tem a enorme vantagem de se integrar numa teoria do Parâmetro do Sujeito Nulo, que, sendo extremamente simples, tem um alcance empírico considerável. Em particular, é capaz de predizer não só o leque de propriedades classicamente atribuídas às Línguas de Sujeito Nulo como uma série de outros fenómenos que, à partida, nenhuma outra teoria é capaz de prever. A teoria que defende que os sujeitos ocupam a posição canónica pode parecer mais intuitiva, mas tem uma capacidade preditiva pobre e exige uma série de assunções adicionais para lidar com os fenómenos referidos.

This article examines the arguments put forward in Costa 2001 against the idea that preverbal subjects do not A-move to Spec-IP in European Portuguese (EP). It is argued that the counter-arguments presented by Costa rely on assumptions that do not survive closer scrutiny. Even though the claim that pre-verbal subjects do not occupy the canonical position might appear counter-intuitive, it has the advantage of being part of a general theory of the Null Subject Parameter that is rather simple and yet has the ability to predict a wide range of phenomena regarding preverbal subject constructions in EP as well as in the other Romance Null Subject Languages. The standard theory might appear more intuitive, but makes none of these predictions and has trouble dealing with the same range of phenomena.

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12.

Monitorização vídeo-EEG prolongada em crises não epilépticas: semiologia clínica
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Marques, Lúcia Helena Neves

; Almeida, Sérgio José Alves de

; Santos, Adriana Barbosa

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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jun 2004, Volume 62 N. 2b Pages 463 - 468

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O objetivo deste estudo foi mostrar a contribuição da monitorização vídeo-EEG prolongada (MVEP) no diagnóstico de crises não epilépticas (CNE) e estimar sua prevalência em um centro terciário de atendimento à Epilepsia (EP). Foram observados 47 pacientes com diagnóstico de CNE com crises espontâneas ou provocadas. Foram instituídos protocolos direcionados à história clínica e à semiologia das crises. A análise estatística baseou-se no teste de Fisher e na análise de cluster. Os resultados evidenciaram prevalência de 10% de CNE. Houve predominância do sexo feminino (63,8%); em 57% dos pacientes as crises foram espontâneas. A média de idade foi 32,5 ± 11anos. O sinal semiológico mais freqüente foi o sono aparente (87,2%). Em 9% dos pacientes observaram-se tanto EP como CNE. Três agrupamentos resultaram da análise de cluster: CNE hipermotora das extremidades com alteração de tônus; CNE com automatismos e CNE axial com movimentos oculares. Em conclusão, o estudo da semiologia clínica das CNE durante a MVEP contribui para o diagnóstico desta entidade nosológica e para o diagnóstico diferencial com EP; o teste provocativo auxilia na obtenção das crises.

The purpose of this study was to point out the effectiveness of prolonged video EEG monitoring (PVEM) in the diagnosis of nonepileptic seizures (NES) as well as to estimate its prevalence in a reference center of epilepsy (EP). A sample of 47 patients with the diagnosis of NES with spontaneous or provoked seizures was observed. A protocol with the clinical history and semiology of seizures was analyzed; Fisher's exact test and cluster analysis were used for statistical observation. The results showed a prevalence of 10% of NES; more prevalence in females (63.8%); the crises were spontaneous in 57% of the patients. The mean age was 32.5 ± 11 years and the most frequent semiological sign was apparent sleep (82.2%). Either EP or NES was observed in 9% of the patients. There were three groups according to the cluster analysis: hypermotor NES of the extremities with tonus alteration; NES with automatism; and axial NES with eye movements. In conclusion, the study of clinical semiology of NES during the PVEM provides both this nosological entity and the differential EP diagnoses while the provocative test helps to obtain the seizures.

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