ABSTRACT Objective. To demonstrate the protective effect of Sacha inchi oil (SI) in arthritis induced by carrageenan in Holtzman rats. Methods. Quantitative, experimental and correlational study; 30 rats, males, randomly distributed in 5 groups were used: 1) SSF 2 mL/kg; 2) Carrageenan; 3) 4) and 5) Sacha inchi. Except for the control, they received 0.1 mL 2% carrageenan intra-articularly (the area of the femur joint with the left tibia); sacha inchi oil orally 225, 1125 and 2250 mg/kg correspondingly; determining time (seconds), type of grip (normal, poor, regular, moderate, intense), and pannus inflammation, pannus fibrosis by means of histopathological study. Applying analysis of variance, Tukey and Fisher test. Results. There was a higher percentage of dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect and grasp time at 2250 mg/Kg, followed by 1125 mg/Kg; and the histopathological study showed mild pannus and absent fibrosis with the highest dose, in contrast to doses of 1125 mg/Kg of oil there was moderate pannus, and mild fibrosis. Conclusions. The protective effect of Sacha inchi oil (SI) has demonstrated by increasing the time and improving the type of grasp and reducing the pannus in arthritis induced by carrageenan in Holtzman rats.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Demostrar cual es el resultado de la protección del aceite de Sacha inchi (SI) al realizar una inducción artificial de artritis al inyectar carragenina a ratas Holtzman. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo, experimental y correlacional; se usaron 30 ratas macho: divididos en cinco grupos aleatorios : 1) Solución salina fisiológica (SSF) 2 mL/kg; 2) Carragenina (C) 0,1 mL solución 2% vía intraarticular, en la zona de la articulación del fémur con la tibia izquierda; 3) C y SI 250 mg/kg; 4) C y SI 1125 mg/kg; y 5) C y SI 2250 mg/ kg; determinándose tiempo (segundos), tipo de prensión (normal, pobre, regular, moderada, intensa), e inflamación pannus, fibrosis pannus, mediante estudio histopatológico. Se aplicó análisis de varianza, y los test de Tukey y Fisher. Resultados. Hubo mayor porcentaje de efecto antiinflamatorio dosis dependiente y tiempo de prensión a 2250 mg/Kg, seguido por 1125 mg/Kg. El estudio histopatológico mostró un pannus leve y fibrosis ausente con la dosis más alta; a dosis de 1125 mg/Kg de aceite SI hubo pannus moderado, y fibrosis leve. Conclusiones. Se demostró el resultado protector del aceite de Sacha Inchi (SI) aumentando y mejorando el tiempo tipo de prensión y reducción del pannus en la artritis inducida por carragenina en ratas Holtzman.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the characteristics of hypermedia notes during tutoring by committees and to know the attributions that students give them in the accompaniment of their learning and reflection. Methodological design: From a sociocultural discourse analysis approach, 106 hypermedia notes from 39 tutoring sessions are analyzed as a discursive genre. A focus group with students is analyzed to find out their reading practices and opinions about hypermedia notes. Results: Hypermedia notes are structured with the use of headings and according to the development of tutoring session. Schemes, arrows, and boxes are incorporated to provide hierarchy to the text and to connect information. The students' reading strategies are analytical and are accompanied by other actions such as the comparison of their own and their tutors’ notes and reflection on their performance in the tutoring sessions. Students consider hypermedia notes as an aid for reflection and decision-making in their research. Research Limitations: Further studies are needed to fully understand students’ reflective thinking. The study is carried out in only one postgraduate group; therefore, it is only possible to generalize in relation to the group studied. Findings: Hypermedia notes are a cultural artifact for the mediation of thought and the formative accompaniment of the graduate student.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las características de las notas hipermedia que se realizan durante las tutorías de los comités y conocer las atribuciones que les dan los alumnos en el acompañamiento de su aprendizaje y reflexión. Diseño metodológico: desde un enfoque del análisis del discurso y sociocultural se analizan como género discursivo 106 notas hipermedia de 39 sesiones de tutoría. Se analiza un grupo focal con estudiantes para conocer sus prácticas de lectura y opiniones sobre las notas hipermedia. Resultados: las notas hipermedia se organizan con el uso de encabezados y de acuerdo con el desarrollo de la sesión tutoral. Se incorporan esquemas, flechas y recuadros para jerarquizar el texto y para conectar la información. Las estrategias de lectura de los estudiantes son analíticas y se acompañan de otras acciones como la comparación de notas, y la evaluación sobre su desempeño en las tutorías. Los estudiantes consideran la nota hipermedia una ayuda a la reflexión y para la toma de decisiones en su investigación. Limitaciones de la investigación: son necesarios otros estudios para comprender de manera más amplia los procesos de reflexión de los estudiantes. El estudio realizado muestra la experiencia en un posgrado y, por ello, sólo es posible generalizar con relación al grupo estudiado. Hallazgos: la nota hipermedia es un artefacto cultural para la mediación del pensamiento y el acompañamiento formativo del estudiante de posgrado.

ABSTRACT: There are bacteria that produce lactic acid (LAB) present in the epiphytic microflora of plants, and consortia of mountain microorganisms such as yeasts and mixed cultures that can be used as probiotics and growth promoters in animal production. To evaluate the use of mountain microorganisms in corn silage as probiotics in the fattening of rabbits for 4 weeks, 20 hybrid rabbits were used which were chosen randomly in each treatment. The preparation of the probiotics was carried out through an initial anaerobic fermentation stage and a final aerobic one. Treatment (T1) was a diet supplemented with the addition of mountain microorganisms in corn silage (MME) in the drinking water and treatment two or conventional (T2) served as a control without application of MME. The feed consumption and the feed conversion index were calculated, expressed as the mean ± the standard deviation. When performing an analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was established that during week 4 of treatment there was a significant difference (P <0.05) in weight gain and feed conversion between treatments, being favorable for T1 supplemented with MME.

RESUMEN: Existen bacterias que producen ácido láctico (BAL) presentes en la microflora epifita de los vegetales, y consorcios de microorganismos de montaña como levaduras y cultivos mixtos que pueden ser empleados como probióticos y promotores del crecimiento en la producción animal. Para evaluar el uso de microorganismos de montaña en ensilado de maíz como probióticos en la engorda de conejos durante 4 semanas, se emplearon 20 conejos híbridos. Los cuales se escogieron aleatoriamente en cada tratamiento. La preparación de los probióticos se realizó mediante una etapa de fermentación inicial anaerobia y una final aerobia. El tratamiento (T1) fue una dieta suplementada con la adición de microorganismos de montaña en ensilado de maíz (MME) en el agua de bebida y el tratamiento dos o convencional (T2) fungió como testigo sin aplicación de MME. Se calculó el consumo de alimento y el indicie de conversión alimenticia, expresados como la media ± la desviación estándar. Al realizar un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) se estableció que durante la semana 4 del tratamiento hubo diferencia significativa (P<0.05) en la ganancia de peso y conversión alimenticia entre los tratamientos, siendo favorable para T1 suplementados con MME.

ABSTRACT Obesity in children and adolescents has increased exponentially around the world. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a higher pediatric obesity rate. The excess adipose tissue generates a dysregulation of adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin, among others. Metabolic alterations can develop cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemias, arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep disorders, and higher risk of COVID-19 severity. Obesity has different therapeutic approaches such as behavioral weight loss programs, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical procedures. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment are important to decrease the mortality in obesity among pediatric population.

RESUMEN La obesidad en niños y adolescentes ha aumentado exponencialmente en todo el mundo. Asimismo, la pandemia del coronavirus (COVID-19) ha conducido a una mayor tasa de obesidad pediátrica. El exceso de tejido adiposo genera una desregulación de hormonas como adiponectina, ghrelina y leptina, entre otras. Las alteraciones metabólicas pueden ocasionar enfermedad cardiovascular, dislipidemias, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, trastornos del sueño y mayor riesgo de COVID-19 severo. La obesidad tiene diferentes enfoques terapéuticos, como programas conductuales de pérdida de peso, tratamientos farmacológicos y procedimientos quirúrgicos. De esta manera, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno es importante para disminuir la mortalidad asociada a la obesidad en la población pediátrica.

Abstract Acute pancreatitis is a rare condition in pregnancy, associated with a high mortality rate. Hypertriglyceridemia represents its second most common cause.We present the case of a 38-year-old woman in the 24th week of gestation with a history of hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of pancreatitis. She was admitted to our hospital with acute pancreatitis due to severe hypertriglyceridemia. She was stabilized and treated with fibrates. Despite her favorable clinical course, she developed a second episode of acute pancreatitis complicated by multi-organ dysfunction and pancreatic necrosis, requiring a necrosectomy. The pregnancy was ended by cesarean section, after which three plasmapheresis sessions were performed. She is currently asymptomatic with stable triglyceride levels. Acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in pregnant women, associated with serious maternal and fetal complications. When primary hypertriglyceridemia is suspected, such as familial chylomicronemia syndrome, the most important objective is preventing the onset of pancreatitis.

Abstract Background: Urachal cancer is one of the rarest and aggressive malignant diseases of the bladder; its incidence was 0.2% of all bladder cancers in 2012. It occurs in advanced stages, among stage IV tumors 58% die at 22 months. It is originated from urachal, an embryological structure that is present in 32% of the adult population. Objective: To present a case series of urachal cancer in a third level medical facility. Method: Case series. Clinical data from patients with of urachal cancer during 2011 to 2019 were analyzed. The variables included were age, gender, smoking, clinical stage, treatment and evolution. Descriptive statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used. Results: There were seven patients; three men and four women; the mean age was 54.4 years. The most frequent histological type was mucinous adenocarcinoma. Partial cystectomy was performed with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in three (42.8%) patients, radical cystectomy plus bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in the remaining four (57.2% patients). Conclusions: Urachal cancer is rare, clinical manifestations occur late. Hematuria is the most frequent clinical sign. The medium term prognosis is bad.

Resumen Antecedentes: El cáncer de uraco es una de las enfermedades malignas de la vejiga más raras y agresivas. Su incidencia en 2012 era del 0.2% de todos los cánceres de vejiga. Se presenta en estadios avanzados, con una mortalidad del 58% a 22 meses para el estadio IV. Se origina a partir del uraco, una estructura embriológica que está presente en el 32% de la población adulta. Objetivo: Presentar las características clínicas de una serie de casos de cáncer de uraco en una unidad de tercer nivel de atención médica. Método: Serie de casos. Se analizaron los resultados clínicos obtenidos de pacientes con cáncer de uraco de 2011 a 2019. Las variables incluidas fueron edad, sexo, tabaquismo, estadio clínico, tratamiento y evolución. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, con medidas de tendencia central y dispersión. Resultados: Fueron siete pacientes, tres hombres y cuatro mujeres, con una edad media de 54.4 años. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue adenocarcinoma tipo mucinoso. Se realizó cistectomía parcial con linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral a tres pacientes (42.8%), y cistectomía radical más linfadenectomía pélvica bilateral en los otros cuatro (57.2%). Conclusiones: El cáncer de uraco es una enfermedad rara. Sus manifestaciones son tardías y el signo clínico principal es la hematuria. El pronóstico es malo a mediano plazo.

ABSTRACT Healthcare professionals are in the front line of care for patients with COVID-19, presenting greater risk of contagion and emotional distress. The aim of the study is to describe the results of a psychological intervention protocol for professionals; 47 workers from Vall d'Hebron University Hospital who requested psychological support were included during the first month and a half of the crisis. Before and after the intervention a checklist of clinical symptoms, the Clinical Anxiety Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale were administered. Professionals who consulted were mostly women, nursing staff, and assistant nursing care technicians, presenting hyperconcern, sadness, sleep, and eating disturbances. Significant improvements were observed on clinical symptoms (z = 4.6, p ≤ .0001), acute stress (z = 2.5, p = .012), anxiety (z = 5.3, p ≤ .0001), and clinical impression (z = 4.1, p ≤ .0001). A brief psychological intervention, based on anxiety management, emotional regulation, and values oriented-behavior, was shown to be effective in reducing emotional symptoms in professionals.

RESUMEN Los profesionales sanitarios se encuentran en primera línea de atención a pacientes con COVID-19, presentando mayor riesgo de contagio y de afectación emocional. El objetivo del estudio es describir las necesidades en salud mental y conocer el efecto de una intervención psicológica en estos profesionales. Se incluyeron 47 trabajadores del Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron que solicitaron soporte psicológico durante el primer mes y medio de la crisis. Se administraron pre-post intervención un listado de síntomas clínicos, la Escala Clínica de Ansiedad y de Impresión Clínica Global. Consultaron mayoritariamente mujeres, profesionales de enfermería y técnicos auxiliares de enfermería, presentando hiperpreocupación, tristeza, alteraciones de sueño y orexia. Se observó una mejoría significativa en síntomas clínicos (z = 4.6, p ≤ .0001), estrés agudo (z = 2.5, p = .012), ansiedad (z = 5.3, p ≤ .0001) e impresión clínica (z = 4.1, p ≤ .0001). Una intervención psicológica breve, basada en técnicas de gestión de ansiedad, regulación emocional y orientación en valores reduce los síntomas emocionales en profesionales.

Abstract The clinical spectrum of severe hemophilia has evolved throughout history from a catastrophic and highly fatal condition in the early 20th century to a chronic and “manageable” disorder in recent decades, thanks to the remarkable advances in treatment achieved. in the last 40 years, advances driven and reinforced by some past catastrophic experiences, such as the biological disaster in the 1980s due to fatal viral infections transmitted by transfusion, such as hepatitis and HIV/AIDS, from which, the appearance of new infectious agents are an ongoing concern for the hemophilia community, as is currently the case facing us with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, which has created an extremely challenging situation for members of the global bleeding disorders community. Faced with this pandemic, questions have arisen regarding the possibility of whether patients with hemophilia will have a higher risk of infection and whether factor deficiency and its treatment could influence the manifestations of the infection, its natural course, treatment and complications; coupled with the concern that it seems clear that the current pandemic will have definitive consequences on the management of hemophilia around the world. Such questions have led to a review of the literature, guidelines, and expert consensus, including the recommendations of the World Federation of Hemophilia, in an attempt to answer these questions, thus generating both guidelines for care, and expanding some of them, promoting the development of new research protocols.

Resumen El espectro clínico de la hemofilia severa ha evolucionado a lo largo de la historia desde una condición catastrófica y altamente fatal a principios del siglo xx, hasta un trastorno crónico y «manejable» en las últimas décadas, gracias a los notables avances en el tratamiento alcanzados en los últimos 40 años, avances impulsados y reforzados por algunas experiencias catastróficas pasadas, como lo fue el desastre biológico en la década de 1980 debido a infecciones virales fatales transmitidas por trasfusión, como hepatitis y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/sida, a partir de lo cual la aparición de nuevos agentes infecciosos son una preocupación constante para la comunidad de hemofilia, como lo es actualmente el caso al que nos enfrentamos con la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019, que ha creado una situación extremadamente desafiante para los miembros de la comunidad mundial de trastornos hemorrágicos. Ante esta pandemia han surgido interrogantes sobre la posibilidad de si los pacientes con hemofilia tendrán mayor riesgo de infección y si la deficiencia de factor y su tratamiento podrían influir en las manifestaciones de la infección, su curso natural, tratamiento y complicaciones; aunado a la preocupación de que parece claro que la pandemia actual tendrá consecuencias definitivas sobre el manejo de la hemofilia en todo el mundo. Tales interrogantes han dado lugar a la revisión de la literatura, guías, consensos de expertos, incluyendo las recomendaciones de la Federación Mundial de Hemofilia, en un intento de responder a dichas interrogantes, generando así tanto pautas para la atención como ampliando algunas de ellas, impulsando el desarrollo de nuevos protocolos de investigación.

Abstract: A robot is a complex machine that involves the conjunction of many technologies working harmoniously together to provide to the final user, a nice interface to interact. The kind of problems need to be solved to have a robotic arm involves overcoming lateral loads, power consumption, solution of kinematics equations, etc. Peter Corke’s Robotics Toolbox [1] is a computer library useful to design, model, visualize and simulate a robot and it is widely utilized in the present study. This paper describes the design process and construction of a 4-DOF robotic arm, involving CAD, CAM, electronics, and Matlab’s Robotics Toolbox to solve kinematics. It constitutes a low-cost platform, in a process of permanent improvement, for the study of laboratory courses of design, manufacturing, electronics and robotics, essentials for many engineering curriculums. The platform provides the student with hands-on experience that consolidates classroom lectures.

Abstract: Biosphere reserves have among their functions to support scientific research, education, training and monitoring. In the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (RBCH), created in 2005, this function has been fulfilled with the creation of the Omora Ethnobotanical Park in 2000, and its implementation in 2008 as a co-founder site of the Chilean Network of Studies Long-Term Socio- Ecological (LTSER-Chile). In 2016, this network has been strengthened with the addition of the new Cape Horn Long-Term Socio-Ecological Research Network (LTER-Cape Horn). The latter includes the Omora Ethnobotanical Park, and three new sites added to the monitoring of the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion. From south to north, the four sites are: (1) Gonzalo Island (56°31’S; 68°43’O), at the southern end of the Diego Ramírez Archipelago, with sub- Antarctic vegetation dominated by grasses and cryptogams, devoid of woody species; (2) Horn Island (55°58’S; 67°13’O), at the southern end of the Cape Horn Archipelago, hosting the southernmost forest ecosystems on the planet, which are dominated by the evergreen beech (Nothofagus betuloides); (3) Omora Ethnobotanical Park (54°57’S; 67°40’O), Navarino Island, an ideal site for studies on climate change and its impact on biota and sub-Antarctic ecosystems, since it protects a watershed that includes a representative mosaic of characteristic habitats of the RBCH in an altitudinal gradient with a thermal decrease analogous to that which occurs with increases in latitude; and (4) Caleta 2 de Mayo Site (54°52’S; 68°41’O), Yendegaia Bay, in an ecotonal zone between evergreen and deciduous forests (product of the local climate gradient), at a site that will be central to future connectivity between Continental Chile, Tierra del Fuego, Navarino Island, and the RBCH. In 2015, UNESCO approved the Report of the First Periodic Review of the RBCH that proposed the protection of the Diego Ramírez Archipelago and the creation of the Diego Ramírez Islands-Drake Passage Marine Park. This goal was achieved with the promulgation of this new park on February 2, 2018, and its entry into force on January 21, 2019 with the publication of the creation decree in the Diario Oficial of Chile. In this context, the new LTER-Cape Horn network acquires great local, national and global relevance. At the local scale, it covers a representative environmental heterogeneity of the great diversity of landscapes and terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems of the RBCH and the sub-Antarctic Magellanic ecoregion. At the national scale, it incorporates sub-Antarctic sites, located at the southern end of South America, to LTSER-Chile and to the Monitoring Network of the Ministry of the Environment. On a global scale, the terrestrial ecosystems of the LTER-Cape Horn network stands out for two main reasons: (1) these sub-Antarctic ecosystems lack a geographical replicate in other continents of the southern hemisphere, and (2) high latitude ecosystems are especially sensitive to global climate change. Thus, the LTER-Cape Horn network helps to overcome critical geographical gaps in the implementation of the International Network for Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER). In order to articulate these four sites and strengthen the training of technical capacities and knowledge transfer to decision makers in the area of special interest tourism and other sustainable economic activities, the LTER-Cape Horn network will be managed locally from the new Cape Horn Sub-Antarctic Center (Cape Horn Center) that will be inaugurated in Puerto Williams in 2021. The implementation of the LTER-Cape Horn network is based on a close collaboration with various public institutions: Ministry of National Assets, Ministry of the Environment, Subsecretary of Fisheries and Aquaculture of the Ministry of Economy Development and Tourism, National Forestry Service, General Water Directorate of the Ministry of Public Works, Navy of Chile, Chilean Police (Carabineros), Municipality of Cape Horn, Provincial Government of Chilean Antarctica, and the Regional Government of Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica. In the following phases, the LTER-Cape Horn network and the Cape Horn Center aim to strengthen the participation of the local community, especially the Yahgan Indigenous Community of Bahía Mejillones, artisanal fisheries, tour operators, and the educational community, including private actors. Located at the “southern summit” of the Americas, Puerto Williams, capital of the Chilean Antarctic Province emerges as a global hub for transdisciplinary sub-Antarctic research, equipped with a new center and the network of long-term socio-ecological studies. Collaboration with regional, national and international actors will allow the LTER-Cape Horn network and the Cape Horn Center to: (i) provide critical data, which will open up new opportunities for monitoring climate change and its impact on biodiversity and ecosystems in sub-Antarctic latitudes; (ii) consolidate long-term monitoring, which is an essential component to effectively design mitigation and adaptation actions; (iii) strengthen a local sustainable development model that, associated with the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve, contributes from the south of the world, to a biocultural conservation model that meets the needs of socio-economic well-being and environmental sustainability at multiple regional and planetary scales.

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Resumen El presente proyecto de investigación muestra el efecto de la altitud en las emisiones de gases contaminantes de un motor de encendido provocado (MEP), en consideración a que en Ecuador y en América Latina existen variaciones topográficas que afectan las condiciones de trabajo de los vehículos. Se analizaron las emisiones de gases contaminantes generadas por un MEP funcionando a diferentes altitudes. Se realizaron mediciones en tres ciudades con diferente altura sobre el nivel mar (O, 2200 y 3000 msnm), a cuatro regímenes de giro del motor (ralentí, 2000, 3500 y 4500 rpm), en la misma hora del día. Se evaluaron las emisiones de monóxido de carbono (CO), dióxido de carbono (CO2) e hidrocarburos no combustionados (HC). Los resultados mostraron que las revoluciones por minuto son el factor más influyente en la emanación de CO y HC; conforme se incrementan las revoluciones, el porcentaje de CO es mayor y la cantidad de HC se reduce. Sin embargo, en las emisiones de CO2, la altitud tiene un efecto más significativo, por cuanto disminuyen a medida que la presión atmosférica decrece. En consecuencia, se espera que los resultados alcanzados permitan promover trabajos futuros orientados a reducir las emisiones dañinas para la salud humana.

Abstract This research project shows the effect of altitude on the emissions of polluting gases from a spark ignition engine (SI engine), considering that in Ecuador and in Latin America, there are topographic variations that affect the conditions of vehicle operation. This work analyzes the emissions of polluting gases generated by a SI engine operating at different heights above sea level. Altitude is a very important factor in the performance of SI engine and in the emissions that it produces. Measurements were developed in three cities with different height above sea level (0, 2.200 and 3.000 masl), at four engine revolutions (idle, 2.000, 3.500 and 4.500 rpm) and at the same hour of the day. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) were measured. The results showed that the engine revolutions are the most important factor in the emission of CO and UHC; as the rpm increase, the percentage of CO is higher and the amount of UHC is reduced; however, in CO2 emissions, altitude has a more significant effect, decreasing as atmospheric pressure drops. Consequently, it is expected that the results achieved will promote future works to reduce harmful emissions to human health.

Objectives: To determine the relationship of antibodies to extractable nucleus antigens and connective tissue diseases identified by Immunoblot in a hospital in Lima, Peru. Material and methods: Study of the observational type, basic sciences, analytical and transversal, carried out in the Immunology service of the national Hospital Archbishop Loayza between January 2018 and June 2018. We analyzed 291 clinical histories of patients with connective tissue disease and for the detection of antibodies to the extractable antigens of the nucleus the method of Immunoblot was employed. Results: The frequency of the antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens in patients with connective tissue disease identified by Immunoblot was 789 (100%). It was demonstrated that there is significant relationship p < 0.05 of Anti-histones (X2 = 64.19; p = 0,000), anti-nucleosomas (X2 = 71,16; p = 0,000), anti-dsDNA (X2 = 71,44; p = 0,000), anti-SM (X2 = 10,08; p = 0,003) and Lupus Systemic erythematosus with Pearson Chi-square test. It was demonstrated that there is significant relationship p < 0.05 of the Anti-SSA (X2 = 61,33; p = 0.001), anti-SSB (X2 = 51,00; p = 0.001), anti-Ro 52 (X2 = 62,60; p = 0,000) and Sjogren’s syndrome with Pearson Chi-square test. It was demonstrated that there is significant relationship p < 0.05 of Anti-CENP B (p = 0.001) and calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and Telangiectasia (CREST) with exact Fisher statistician. Conclusions: There is a relationship of antibodies to extractable nucleus antigens and systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and Telangiectasias (CREST), Scleroderma and Polymyositis.

Objetivos: Determinar la relación de los anticuerpos con los antígenos del núcleo extraíble y las enfermedades del tejido conectivo identificadas por Immunoblot en un hospital de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional, ciencias básicas, analíticas y transversales, realizado en el Servicio de Inmunología del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza entre enero de 2018 y junio de 2018. Analizamos 291 historias clínicas de pacientes con enfermedad del tejido conectivo y para la detección de anticuerpos contra los antígenos extraíbles del núcleo se empleó el método de Immunoblots. Resultados: La frecuencia de los anticuerpos contra antígenos nucleares extraíbles en pacientes con enfermedad del tejido conectivo identificados por Immunoblot fue 789 (100%). Se demostró que existe una relación significativa p <0.05 de Anti-histonas (X2 = 64.19; p = 0,000), anti-nucleosomas (X2 = 71,16; p = 0,000), anti-dsDNA (X2 = 71,44; p = 0,000), anti-SM (X2 = 10,08; p = 0,003) y lupus eritematoso sistémico con prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Se demostró que existe una relación significativa p <0.05 del Anti-SSA (X2 = 61,33; p = 0.001), anti-SSB (x2 = 51,00; p = 0.001), anti-Ro 52 (X2 = 62,60; p = 0,000) y síndrome de Sjogren con prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Se demostró que existe una relación significativa p <0.05 de Anti-CENP B (p = 0.001) y calcinosis, fenómeno de Raynaud, dismotilidad esofágica, esclerodactilia y Telangiectasia (CREST) con Fisher. Conclusiones: Existe relación de anticuerpos con antígenos de núcleo extraíbles y lupus eritematoso sistémico, síndrome de Sjogren, enfermedad mixta del tejido conectivo, enfermedad del CREST, esclerodermia y polimiositis.

Abstract Application of computational vision techniques in biological contexts usually requires manual annotation of data from the specific context, which makes these stages costly due to investment in specialized human resource time. In this article we present a novel method of generating random data within a subdomain restricted to a variety of allowed shapes. The process is particularized to explicit models based on border landmarks for vermiform structures. Through this process, sequenced deformations of worm movements are simulated by random walks between the subdomains.

Resumen La aplicación de técnicas de visión computacional en contextos biológicos requiere generalmente la anotación manual de datos del contexto específico, lo que hace que estas etapas sean costosas en inversión de tiempo y recurso humano especializado. En este artículo, se presenta un método novedoso de generación de datos aleatorios dentro de un subdominio restringido a variedades de formas permitas. Se particulariza el proceso a modelos de forma explícitos basados en hitos de frontera para estructuras vermiformes. Mediante este proceso, se logran simular deformaciones secuenciales de movimientos de gusanos por medio de caminatas aleatorias entre los subdominios.

Abstract For decades, dengue virus has caused major problems for public health officials in tropical and subtropical countries around the world. We construct a compartmental model that includes the role of hospitalized individuals in the transmission dynamics of dengue in Costa Rica. The basic reproductive number, ℛ 0 , is computed, as well as a sensitivity analysis on ℛ 0 parameters. The global stability of the disease-free equilibrium is established. Numerical simulations under specific parameter scenarios are performed to determine optimal prevention/control strategies.

Resumen Durante décadas, el virus del dengue ha causado grandes problemas a los funcionarios de salud pública en países tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo. Construimos un modelo compartimental que incluye el papel de las personas hospitalizadas en la dinámica de transmisión del dengue en Costa Rica. Calculamos el número básico reproductivo, ℛ 0 , así como un análisis de sensibilidad en los parámetros de ℛ 0 y discutimos la importancia de las políticas de salud pública. Se establece la estabilidad local y global del estado libre de enfermedad. Se hacen simulaciones numéricas bajo escenarios específicos para determinar estrategias óptimas de prevención y control.