Multiple environmental problems are caused by the accumulation of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in river water on its way to the ocean. The objective of this work was to determine the N and P loads in 12 hydrographic basins that flow into estuaries along the northeastern coast of Brazil using established methods. Additionally, natural and anthropogenic loads trends in the hydrographic basins of 12 tropical rivers in northeastern Brazil over 27 years (1990-2016) were evaluated. The results indicated an annual average increase of +1.1% in population density, while precipitation showed no significant trend. The anthropogenic loads were 21 and 112 times higher than natural inputs for N and P, respectively. Anthropogenic sources accounted for ~ 96% of all contributions. The positive trends of these loads (mainly wastewater) represented an annual average increase of 1.1% for N and 1.2% for P, for all river basins included in this study. These percentages represent average annual loads of 251 t N yr-1 and 54.8 t P yr-1. The time series of N and P in the study region showed trends that point to a constant increase, implying a greater contribution of these loads to the adjacent coastal region year after year.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a freqüência de transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica (TCAP) e dos principais transtornos psiquiátricos associados à obesidade mórbida em indivíduos à espera de cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal. Foram entrevistados pacientes do programa de cirurgia da obesidade do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz e avaliados o perfil sócio-demográfico, a qualidade de vida (escala SF-36), o TCAP (Binge Eating Scale BES) e os transtornos psiquiátricos (Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview M.I.N.I./DSM-IV). RESULTADOS: Dos 400 pacientes inscritos no programa, 67 (16,8%) foram entrevistados. O IMC variou de 36,1 a 81,8 kg/m² (média 48,5 ± 8,8). Todos os entrevistados apresentavam doenças associadas, sendo a HAS, os distúrbios do sono e as osteopatias as mais freqüentes. Os transtornos psiquiátricos mais freqüentes foram: 47,8% transtorno de ansiedade generalizada; 29,9% depressão atual e 34,3% depressão no passado. Verificou-se TCAP em 56,7% dos pacientes (25,4% TCAP moderado e 31,3%, grave) e esses apresentaram os piores escores em todos os domínios de qualidade de vida da escala SF-36. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se elevada prevalência de TCAP. Grupo com TCAP apresentou maior número de tratamentos realizados com objetivo de perder peso, elevada prevalência de depressão maior no momento da avaliação, piores escores em todos os domínios da escala de qualidade de vida SF-36. Visto que os portadores de TCAP apresentam vasta psicopatologia e maior probabilidade de comprometimento nos resultados da cirurgia, deve-se aprimorar a detecção desses distúrbios a fim de proporcionar-lhes o tratamento adequado.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the frequency of binge eating disorder (BED) and of the main psychiatric disorders associated with morbid obesity in individuals on the waiting list for bariatric surgery. METHOD: Cross sectional study. Interviews with patients from the Surgery for Obesity Program of Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital were conducted evaluating socio-demographic profile, quality of life (SF-36 scale), BED (Binge Eating Scale BES) and psychiatric disorders (M.I.N.I./DSM-IV). RESULTS: 67 out of 400 patients enrolled in the program were interviewed (16.8%). The BMI varied from 36.1 to 81.8 kg/m² (average 48.5 ± 8.8). All have associated diseases, the most frequent being systemic arterial hypertension, sleeping disorders and osteopathies. The most frequent psychiatric disorders were: 47.8% generalized anxiety disorder, 29.9% major depressive disorder, single episode, 34.3% recurrent major depressive disorder. In this group 56.7% showed BED (25.4% moderate and 31.3% severe) and the worse scores in all the domains of quality of life (SF-36 scale). CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of BED. The compulsive eaters showed a higher number of obesity treatments, higher prevalence of actual major depression, and the worse scores in all the domains of the SF-36 scale. Considering the ample range of psychopathology associated with BED and the greater probability of jeopardizing the surgery results it is very important to improve the detection of these disorders in order to provide adequate treatment.