Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar características generales y de atención en salud entre menores y sus madres migrantes y no migrantes en indígenas Tarahumaras, en Chihuahua, México. Así mismo, se evaluó la asociación entre el riesgo de retraso en neurodesarrollo en niños y las prácticas de estimulación oportuna. Niños y niñas de entre 12 a 48 meses de edad fueron estudiados en dos grupos: 1) menores de madres migrantes ubicados en asentamientos urbanos en la ciudad de Chihuahua y 2) menores de madres no migrantes residentes en sus localidades de origen. La prevalencia de riesgo de retraso del neurodesarrollo moderado y grave (RNMG) fue mayor en menores de madres migrantes versus no migrantes (75.6%, IC95% (69.5, 80.8) vs 59.8%, (51.4, 67.7), p = .003). La proporción de niños(as) que recibieron una estimulación oportuna favorable (EOF) en casa fue mayor en los menores de madres no migrantes (p < .001). La migración de las madres indígenas hacia asentamientos urbanos estuvo asociada al RNMG en sus hijos(as) (p = .03), así como las prácticas insuficientes de estimulación oportuna (p = .03). La asistencia consistente a sesiones de estimulación temprana del programa de Educación Inicial fue mayor en niños(as) de madres no migrantes (p = .01); y la no asistencia fue predictor del RNMG (p = .02).

Abstract This study aimed to compare the general and health care characteristics of young children of migrant and non-migrant mothers from indigenous Tarahumara communities in Chihuahua, Mexico, and to evaluate the association between child risk for neurodevelopment delay with parental practices of early childhood stimulation. Male and female children aged 12 to 48 months were studied in two groups: 1) children of migrant mothers residing in urban settlements and 2) children of non-migrant mothers residing in their native rural localities. Prevalence of the risk of moderate to severe neurodevelopment delay (MSND) was greater in children of migrant mothers as compared to non-migrant mothers (75.6%, CI95% (69.5, 80.8) vs. 59.8%, (51.4, 67.7), p = .003). The proportion of children who received adequate and favorable early stimulation (FTES) at home was greater in children of non-migrant mothers (p < .001). The migration of indigenous mothers to urban settlements was associated with child MSND (p = .03), as well as to insufficient early stimulation practices (p = .03). Consistent attendance at early childhood stimulation sessions through the Initial Education program was greater in children of non-migrant mothers (p = .01), and non-attendance predicted child MSND (p = .02).

Resumo Contexto A doença arterial periférica (DAP) é uma doença com alta morbidade global, afetando mais de 200 milhões de pessoas. Objetivos Neste estudo, analisamos o tratamento cirúrgico para DAP no sistema público de saúde do Brasil no período de 12 anos, com base em dados publicamente disponíveis. Métodos O estudo foi conduzido a partir da análise de dados disponíveis na plataforma do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), do Ministério da Saúde, avaliando a distribuição da técnica cirúrgica utilizada, a mortalidade e o custo ao longo dos anos. Resultados Um total de 129.424 procedimentos foram analisados (para claudicantes e isquemia crítica, em proporção desconhecida). A maiora dos procedimentos foi via endovascular (65,49%), com tendência de aumento nessa desproporção (p < 0,001). Houve 3.306 mortes intra-hospitalares (mortalidade de 2,55%) com menor mortalidade no grupo endovascular (1,2% vs. 5,0%; p = 0,008). O investimento governamental total para esses procedimentos foi de US$ 238.010.096,51, e os procedimentos endovasculares foram significativamente mais caros que a cirurgia aberta convencional (US$ 1.932,27 vs. US$ 1.517,32; p = 0,016). Conclusões No sistema público de saúde brasileiro, as revascularizações de membros inferiores ocorreram com frequência crescente entre 2008 e 2019. Os procedimentos endovasculares foram mais comuns e relacionados a menor mortalidade intra-hospitalar, mas a maiores custos.

Abstract Background Worldwide, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a disorder with high morbidity, affecting more than 200 million people. Objectives Our objective was to analyze surgical treatment for PAD provided on the Brazilian Public Healthcare System over 12 years using publicly available data. Methods The study was conducted with analysis of data available on the Brazilian Health Ministry’s database platform, assessing distributions of procedures and techniques over the years and their associated mortality and costs. Results A total of 129,424 procedures were analyzed (performed either for claudication or critical ischemia, proportion unknown). The vast majority of procedures were endovascular (65.49%) and this disproportion exhibited a rising trend (p<0.001). There were 3,306 in-hospital deaths (mortality of 2.55%), with lower mortality in the endovascular group (1.2% vs. 5.0%, p=0.008). The overall governmental expenditure on these procedures was U$ 238,010,096.51, and endovascular procedures were on average significantly more expensive than open surgery (U$ 1,932.27 vs. U$ 1,517.32; p=0.016). Conclusions Lower limb revascularizations were performed on the Brazilian Public Healthcare System with gradually increasing frequency from 2008 to 2019. Endovascular procedures were vastly more common and were associated with lower in-hospital mortality rates, but higher procedure costs.

Abstract In 2015, a serious environmental disaster occurred at ULTRACARGO - Aratu S/A Terminal (Cubatão, SP) causing a long-lasting, large-scale, fire that resulted in the release of various chemical pollutants, including those used to contain the fire. These pollutants affected adjacent regions and the innermost area of the Santos-São Vicente Estuarine System, requiring the assessment of environmental quality in two mangrove areas post-disaster (2016). This assessment considered biomarkers for the species including population density, structure, and cytogenotoxicity. The population structure and cytotoxicity of Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) only changed slightly from pre-disaster (2013) to post-disaster (2016), as a consequence of the greater resilience and biological flexibility of this crab to environmental stress caused by pollutants. We recommend continuous monitoring be conducted using this species endemic to the mangroves of the study site, as this will make it possible to assess the magnitude of the chronic environmental impacts of the accident. In addition, it could guide environmental agencies in damage mitigation or in the quantification of possible future impacts.

Abstract Ethnobiology helps to better understand research processes involving humans and nature. It produces important information for the management of ecosystems and their natural resources. The mangrove crab (Ucides cordatus) is an endemic mangrove crustacean that lives in close association with arboreal vegetation and whose distribution extends throughout this ecosystem along the Brazilian coast. It plays an important role in ecosystem processes, actively participating in sediment bioturbation and the flow of organic matter and energy, affecting the entire trophic chain of coastal environments. This study compiles ethnobiological data from catchers in the Itanhaém River Estuary (SP) on the biology of the mangrove crab according to morphotype (male and female), biological cycle (growth and reproductive period), fishing season, and its participation in the trophic chain of mangroves. Thus, this study serves as a basis for education and environmental management actions. The authors conducted interviews using the snowball technique and applied a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions for catchers. We submitted the data to qualitative and quantitative analysis and compared it with data from the available literature. We interviewed the entire sample universe of catchers in the study area. Ethnobiological data referring to the periods of growth and reproduction coincided with literature data in the following proportions: 66.8 % for Brazil and 82.5 % for the southeast-south region. The results reinforce the relevance and accuracy of local ecological knowledge in the interpretation of data from nature. Moreover, the results show gaps in compliance with the norms for the protection of this species.

Abstract The hunger that persists in the world’s population is considered as one of the deeper problems that society has not yet resolved. For Mexico, data from the National Council of Evaluation Policy of Social Development (Coneval) suggest that in 2014, 23% of mexicans suffered from lack access to food. This research presents a diagnosis about the power of households in a situation of hunger in the country. The work general objective is to examine the behavior of the magnitude and intensity of hunger in mexican households in the period from 2008 to 2014, revised through the deficit in energy consumption necessary to develop daily physical and intellectual tasks in the context of food prices crisis. The methodology used was based on the use of micro-data from the National Survey of Income and Expenditure Household (ENIGH) of 2008 and 2014, from which developed an indicator on the food situation in households. The results show that during the analysis period the number of households in a situation of hunger increased in 177,768 units, in this sense, for 2014 the hunger affected 11,238,031 households, its characteristic consumption pattern is constituted by different groups such as cereals (tortilla and rice), products of animal origin such as chicken meat and offal, milk, cheese and eggs, and processed cereals and beverages.

Resumen El hambre que persiste en la población mundial se considera como uno de los problemas más profundos que la sociedad aún no ha resuelto. Para México, los datos del Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (Coneval) indican en 2014, que el 23% de los mexicanos padecían carencia de acceso a la alimentación. En este artículo se presenta un diagnóstico sobre la carencia en el consumo de alimentos en los hogares mexicanos. El trabajo tiene como objetivo examinar la magnitud e intensidad del hambre en los hogares mexicanos entre 2008 y 2014, vista a través del déficit en el consumo de energía necesario para desarrollar las tareas físicas e intelectuales cotidianas en el contexto de la crisis del precio de los alimentos. La aproximación metodológica es cuantitativa por lo que se utilizaron los microdatos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares (ENIGH) de 2008 y 2014, a partir de los que se elaboró un indicador que clasifica la condición alimentaria de los hogares, haciendo un especial énfasis en aquellos que tuvieron un consumo por debajo de lo recomendado. Los resultados muestran que durante el periodo de análisis el número de hogares en situación de hambre se incrementó en 177,768 unidades, en este sentido, para 2014 el hambre afectó a 11,238,031 hogares, su patrón de consumo característico está constituido por distintos grupos como los cereales (la tortilla de maíz y el arroz), los productos de origen animal como la carne y vísceras de pollo, leche, queso y huevo, y los cereales y bebidas procesadas.

Abstract: Progress has been made in the knowledge of the characteristics and behavior of COVID-19, which should be used by health professionals in order to protect their patients and themselves. The objective of this updated review of the literature was to inform about the disinfectants that can be used to disinfect surfaces and instruments in the dental office. An electronic exploration was carried out to select scientific information in PubMed through the NCBI, Virtual Health Library and in databases SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Latindex, Cochrane Library, LILACS and academic repositories, the information used included review articles, original articles and theses related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and disinfectants during the period January 2019 to January 2021, also considering some relevant articles on disinfection, from previous years.

Resumen: Se ha avanzado en el conocimiento de las características y comportamiento del COVID-19, lo cual debe ser aprovechado por los profesionales de la salud a fin de proteger a sus pacientes y a ellos mismos. El objetivo de esta revisión actualizada de la literatura fue informar sobre los desinfectantes que se pueden utilizar para descontaminar superficies e instrumental en la consulta odontológica. Se realizó una exploración electrónica para seleccionar información científica en PubMed a través del NCBI, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y en bases de datos SciELO, Redalyc, Dialnet, Latindex, Cochrane Library, LILACS y repositorios académicos, la información utilizada comprendió artículos de revisión, artículos originales y tesis relacionadas con SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 y desinfectantes durante el periodo enero 2019 a enero 2021, considerando también algunos artículos relevantes sobre desinfección, de años anteriores.

Resumen: El objetivo es identificar en el currículum escolar mexicano la propuesta que ofrece para trabajar el concepto de pendiente en tercer grado de educación secundaria (grado escolar que atiende a estudiantes entre 14 y 15 años de edad); en particular, identificar el tipo de actividades didácticas y su relación con el significado de pendiente. El estudio tiene un enfoque cualitativo a través del método estudio de casos, centrado en el análisis documental de los Planes y programas de estudios 2006 y 2011 y Orientaciones didácticas 2017 de la Secretaría de Educación Pública de la asignatura de matemáticas para tercer grado escolar de secundaria. El análisis implicó hacer una revisión de los tres documentos en torno a la información conceptual y sugerencias didácticas, así como el tipo de actividades para los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que los documentos oficiales 2006 y 2017 plantean que la pendiente debe trabajarse desde sistema de coordenadas cartesianas en términos de razón de cambio, para ello sugiere actividades, que en su mayoría, están contextualizadas e involucran unidades de medida no homogéneas. Este tipo de actividades podría provoca dificultad de compresión en los estudiantes en cuanto a determinar si la pendiente es solo un número y, cómo a partir de la razón de cambio, hace referencia a la posición de la recta respeto del eje de las abscisas en el plano cartesiano. Es necesario que la propuesta curricular incluya actividades centradas en unidades homogéneas, de modo que les permita a los estudiantes comprender significado y valor de la pendiente.

Abstract: The objective is to identify in the Mexican school curriculum the proposal that it offers to study the concept of slope in third grade of high school (students between 14 and 15 years of age), in particular, identify the type of didactic activities and their relationship with the definition of slope. This research has a qualitative approach through the case study method, focused on the documentary analysis of the Plans and study programs 2006 and 2011 and Didactic Orientations 2017 of the Secretaría de Educación Pública to subject mathematics. The analysis involved making a review of the three documents around the conceptual information and didactic suggestions, as well as the type of activities for the students. The results show that the official documents 2006 and 2017 state that the slope should be worked from the Cartesian coordinate system in terms of ratio of change, suggesting activities, most of which are contextualized and involve non-homogeneous units of measurement. This type of activities could cause difficulty of comprehension in the students as to determine if the slope is only a number and how, from the rate of change, it refers to the position of the line with respect to the abscissa axis in the Cartesian plane. It is necessary that the curricular proposal includes activities whit on homogeneous units, in order to allow students to understand the meaning and value of the slope.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In Cuba, in 2016, people over the age of 60 made up 19.8% of the population, and Havana was one of the most aged provinces. In 2018 it increased to 20.4%. In Zanja Street, people of different ethnic groups reside, with diverse cultural heritage and traditions and different visions of the sense and meaning of old age. Objective: Characterize the sense of old age of older adults and the old-age meaning of children, adolescents, young people and average adults, residing on Zanja Street. Methods: An exploratory study was carried out, based on a mixed methodology: qualitative and quantitative. The observational method was used and, consequently, it was decided to make use of in-depth interview techniques, non-participating observation, with their corresponding guidelines, percentage technique and data triangulation. Results: Older adults expressed satisfaction with material and spiritual needs at a high level; although 50% of retirees reported not receiving care from the organizations to which they belonged. A high percentage of average adults said that older adults are important and useful people, they have experience and are helpful. Children, teenagers and young people said that what they love most about their grandparents is that they love and help them and what they don't like is that they argue and get sick. Conclusions: If older adults are important to the families, communities and the society, the material conditions of their life and environment need to be improved, and so they can feel acknowledge for their contributions.

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, en el 2016, las personas mayores de 60 años constituían el 19,8 % de la población, y La Habana era una de las provincias más envejecidas. En 2018 aumentó a 20,4 %. En la calle Zanja, residen pobladores de distintos grupos étnicos, con herencias y tradiciones culturales diversas y diferentes visiones del sentido y significado de vejez. Objetivo: Caracterizar el sentido de vejez de los adultos mayores y el significado de vejez de los niños, adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos medios, residentes en la calle Zanja. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio exploratorio, a partir de una metodología mixta: cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se utilizó el método observacional y, en consecuencia, se decidió hacer uso de las técnicas de entrevista en profundidad, la observación no participante, con sus correspondientes guías, la técnica porcentual y la triangulación de datos. Resultados: Los adultos mayores manifestaron satisfacción de las necesidades materiales y espirituales en un alto nivel; aunque el 50 % de los jubilados declaró no recibir atención de las organizaciones a las que pertenecían. Un alto porcentaje de adultos medios opinaron que los adultos mayores son personas importantes y útiles, tienen experiencia y constituyen ayuda. Los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes refirieron que lo que más les gusta de sus abuelos es que los quieren y los ayudan y lo que no les gusta es que pelean y se enferman. Conclusiones: Si los adultos mayores son importantes para las familias, comunidad y sociedad, es preciso mejorar las condiciones materiales de su existencia y del entorno y que se sientan reconocidos por sus aportes.

Abstract Londrina is the fourth most populous city in southern Brazil. Its subtropical weather with rain in all seasons, as well as its high population density, make the city perfect for the Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) life cycle. Over the last few years, Londrina presented high infestation indexes and was one of the cities with the most reported cases of dengue. Uncontrolled use of synthetic insecticides may influence the mosquito’s genetic composition. In this paper, we studied mitochondrial DNA and kdr mutations in Aedes aegypti. The analysis of the ND4 gene in 330 specimens showed the presence of 27 haplotypes. The pyrethroid resistance alleles (kdr) evaluated are present in the collected populations, with a 50% frequency of the Val1016Ile and 48% of the Phe1534Cys mutations. Such analysis of the mutations in the populations collected at the State University of Londrina’s campus – a microenvironment that differs from the rest of the city – showed frequencies of 57% and 62%, respectively. The low gene flow observed, Nm = 0.11 and Nm = 0.10, along with the elevated differentiation, Fst = 0.19 and Fst = 0.18, among populations suggest an influence of genetic drift. The strong presence of resistance alleles kdr in the city is evident, which demonstrates that even with the interruption of the use of pyrethroids by the National Dengue Control Program, resistance may be maintained due to domestic use. Thus, the results have shown the need for genetic monitoring, alongside other entomological surveillance monitoring tools, to create strategies of mosquito control.

Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos estádios de maturação dos frutos e das temperaturas de secagem sobre o teor de óleo e o potencial fisiológico das sementes de crambe. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A colheita ocorreu quando as plantas atingiram 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% de frutos de cor marrom. Após a colheita, as sementes foram secas em diferentes temperaturas (ar natural e artificial a 30, 45 e 60 °C). As sementes foram avaliadas quanto ao peso de mil sementes, produtividade, teor de óleo, germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação e emergência de plântulas). As sementes de crambe, cultivar FMS Brilhante, atingiram o teor máximo de óleo com colheitas feitas a partir de 70% do total de frutos de cor marrom. As temperaturas de secagem não afetaram o teor de óleo das sementes. A colheita de sementes de crambe visando a mais alta qualidade fisiológica deve ocorrer quando as plantas tiverem entre 75 e 85% de frutos marrons. A secagem artificial a 30 e 45 °C pode ser recomendada para sementes de crambe, favorecendo a produção de sementes de qualidade.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maturation fruit and drying temperatures stages on oil content and the physiological performance of crambe seeds. Randomized blocks were the experimental design, with four replications. Harvests occurred when the plants reached 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% brown color fruits. After harvest, seeds were dried at different temperatures (natural and artificial air at 30, 45 and 60 °C). The seeds were evaluated for the weight of a thousand seeds, productivity, oil content, germination and vigor (count of the first germination and seedling emergence). Crambe seeds, FMS Brilhante cultivar, reach the maximum oil content with harvests made from 70% of total brown color fruits. Drying temperatures do not affect the oil content of the seeds. Harvesting crambe seed aiming at the highest physiological quality should occur when the plants have between 75 and 85% brown fruits. Artificial drying at 30 and 45 °C can be recommended for crambe seeds, favoring the production of quality seeds.

RESUMO Objetivo A compreensão do o padrão de comportamento dos indivíduos no nível individual e coletivo frente às suas condições de saúde bucal é de importância inequívoca para prevenção e controle da cárie dentária. Nesta perspectiva o objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências da relação entre o capital social e a experiência de cárie. Métodos Utilizando como método revisão sistemática com meta-análise, foram pesquisados artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, IBECS, BBO, SciELO, The Cochrane Library e MEDLINE. Estudos com humanos, de todas as idades e línguas, publicados até julho de 2019, que relacionaram o capital social com a experiência de cárie, foram incluídos nesta revisão. Resultados Foram identificados 1163 artigos, que passaram por avaliação sob critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restando 5 artigos selecionados para compor a amostra do estudo, sendo apenas 3 incluídos na meta-análise. Na análise final o p-valor foi significativo (<0,001), mostrando que tanto a coesão social como o empoderamento de vizinhança estão associados com a experiência de cárie. No modelo randômico foi constatado que o indivíduo tem 2,39 chances de não ter a doença cárie. Os resultados do estudo reforçam a importância do capital social comunitário na experiência de cárie dos indivíduos. Conclusão O alto nível de capital social comunitário tem relação direta com menores índices de experiência de cárie nos indivíduos.

ABSTRACT Objective Understanding the individual and collective behavior of individuals about their oral health conditions is important to prevent and control of dental caries. This study aimed to seek evidence of the relationship between social capital and caries experience. Methods Using a systematic review with meta-analysis, we searched articles in PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, LILACS, IBECS, BBO, SCIELO, The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases. Studies with humans, of all ages and languages, published until July 2019, which related social capital to the caries experience, were included in this review. Results We identified 1163 articles evaluated considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, leaving 5 articles selected to compose the study sample, and only 3 included in the meta-analysis. In the final analysis p value was significant (p <0.001), showing that both social cohesion and neighborhood empowerment are associated with the caries experience. In the random model, the individual has 2.39 chances of not having the caries disease. The results reinforce the importance of community social capital in the caries experience of individuals. Conclusions The high level of community social capital is directly related to lower caries experience rates.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality of surgical births with delayed umbilical cord clamping and immediate skin-to-skin contact vs early clamping and neonatal care in radiant heat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical trial, comparative, with a historical control group, without randomization, performed between the months of January 2015 to June 2017 of births registered in a private hospital in Villahermosa, Tabasco. Late umbilical cord clamping, and immediate skin-to-skin contact were performed in all cases. RESULTS: The intervention group included 24 mothers and their newborns (delayed clamping and immediate skin-to-skin contact) who were compared with a similar historical group and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. There were no differences in obstetric and neonatal morbidity and mortality between the groups. Of the intervention group 11 mothers and infants were exclusively breastfed for 6 months versus 1 mother and infant in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, 22 mothers and infants in the control group resorted to formula feeding 6 months or more vs 10 in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Mixed or exclusive formula feeding was higher in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Delayed clamping and immediate skin-to-skin contact at cesarean section are feasible and safe interventions that could encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months.

Resumen: OBJETIVO: Comparar la morbilidad y la mortalidad materna y neonatal de nacimientos quirúrgicos con pinzamiento tardío del cordón umbilical y contacto inmediato piel a piel versus el pinzamiento temprano y la atención neonatal en calor radiante. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico, comparativo, con un grupo control histórico, sin asignación al azar, efectuado entre los meses de enero de 2015 a junio de 2017 de los nacimientos registrados en un hospital privado de Villahermosa, Tabasco. En todos los casos se efectuó el pinzamiento tardío del cordón umbilical y el contacto piel a piel inmediato. RESULTADOS: En el grupo de intervención se incluyeron 24 madres y sus recién nacidos (pinzamiento tardío y contacto piel a piel inmediato) que se compararon con un grupo histórico semejante y seguimiento mínimo de 6 meses. No hubo diferencias en morbilidad y mortalidad obstétrica y neonatal entre los grupos. Del grupo de intervención 11 madres e hijos se alimentaron exclusivamente al seno materno durante 6 meses versus 1 madre e hijo del grupo control (p < 0.05). En contraste, 22 madres e hijos del grupo control recurrieron a la alimentación con fórmula 6 meses o más versus 10 del grupo de intervención (p < 0.05). La alimentación mixta o de fórmula exclusiva fue mayor en el grupo control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El pinzamiento tardío y el contacto piel a piel inmediato en cesáreas son intervenciones factibles y seguras que podrían fomentar la lactancia materna exclusiva durante los primeros seis meses.

RESUMO A modificação do manejo hídrico na cultura do café Conilon (Coffea canephora) pode ser uma estratégia para melhorar a eficiência do manejo nutricional e garantir um melhor aproveitamento por parte dos genótipos para região de altitude de transição. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as características nutricionais de 27 genótipos de C. canephora, submetidos a dois manejos de água no solo, visando identificar genótipos que apresentam evidências de maiores teores foliares, exportações e potencial de reciclagem de nutrientes em seus ramos produtivos. O experimento foi conduzido em esquema de parcelas subdividida, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram nos 27 genótipos de C. canephora e dois manejos de água no solo (“Irrigado” e “Suprido apenas pela chuva”). Foram avaliados os teores nutricionais foliares, os conteúdos nutricionais exportados pelos frutos e os conteúdos nutricionais potencialmente recicláveis após a poda (folhas e caule dos ramos plagiotrópicos), dos macronutrientes: nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio. Houve diferenciação entre os genótipos para todas as características avaliadas em ambos os manejos de água no solo. Porém, houve formação de um maior número de grupos homogêneos entre os genótipos no manejo irrigado. Os genótipos apresentaram distinção nas características nutricionais em resposta aos manejos de água no solo. Os genótipos 108 e 302 acumularam maiores conteúdos nutricionais exportado pelos frutos, independentemente do manejo de água no solo.

ABSTRACT The modification of water management in the Conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) crop is a possible strategy to improve nutritional management efficiency and ensure better use of the genotypes for regions of transitional altitude. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of 27 genotypes of C. canephora and submit them to two water management schemes in soil. The goal was to find evidence of higher leaf contents, exports, and nutrient recycling potential in the productive branches of various genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications in a split-plot scheme. The treatment consisted of 27 genotypes of C. canephora and two water management schemes in soil (“Irrigated” and “Rainfed”). Nutritional content in leaves, exported by fruits, and pruned (leaves and stem of plagiotropic branches) recyclable contents were evaluated for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Variations were observed among genotypes for all the parameters evaluated in both water management in soil. However, significant homogeneous groups were formed among the genotypes in the irrigated management. Furthermore, the genotypes showed distinct nutritional characteristics in response to water management in the soil. Genotypes 108 and 302 had higher nutritional content and were exported by fruits, regardless of soil water management.

RESUMO A biodiversidade funcional é uma mais-valia para os sistemas agrícolas, em particular pelo papel que desempenha na promoção de vários serviços do ecossistema, designadamente a limitação natural dos inimigos das culturas. A biodiversidade de artrópodes associados à cultura da aveleira em Portugal, em particular no que se refere à fauna auxiliar, é pouco conhecida, resumindo-se a listagens das pragas mais relevantes. Neste sentido, com o objetivo de contribuir para a conservação e promoção da biodiversidade funcional, na cultura da aveleira, importa conhecer a diversidade e abundância de artrópodes deste agroecossistema. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no pomar de aveleiras da Estação Agrária de Viseu, conduzido em modo de produção biológico. Procedeu-se à recolha de artrópodes, quinzenalmente, entre maio e agosto de 2018, através da técnica das pancadas, após o que foram triados em laboratório e separados por ordens, morfotipos e tipos funcionais (predadores, parasitóides, fitófagos, detritívoros e “indiferentes”). Capturaram-se 1557 artrópodes pertencentes a 9 ordens da classe Insecta (88% dos exemplares) e à classe Arachnida (ordem: Araneae). Relativamente à classe Insecta, as ordens mais abundantes foram: Hemiptera - subordem Heteroptera, (Anthocoridae e Miridae), Coleoptera (maior número de morfotipos, em particular da família Coccinelidae) e, ainda, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera e Neuroptera.

ABSTRACT Functional biodiversity is an asset for agricultural systems, particularly due to the role played by the promotion of ecosystem services, namely the natural control of crop pests. The biodiversity of arthropods associated with the hazelnut orchards in Portugal is little known, especially in relation with the natural enemies, and resumed to lists of the main pests. In this sense, and in order to contribute to the conservation and promotion of functional biodiversity in the hazelnut orchards, it is important to know the diversity and abundance of arthropods of this agroecosystem. The work was carried out in the organic hazelnut orchard of Estação Agrária de Viseu. Arthropods were collected, between May and August 2018, using the beating technique, after which they were screened in the laboratory and selected by orders, morphotypes and functional roles (predators, parasitoids, phytophages, detritivores and “indifferents”). A total of 1557 arthropods, belonging to 9 orders from the class Insecta (88% of the individuals) and the class Arachnida (order: Araneae), were captured. Regarding the class Insecta, the most abundant orders were: Hemiptera - suborder Heteroptera, (Anthocoridae and Miridae), Coleoptera (greater number of morphotypes, in particular of the Coccinellidae family) and, also, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera and Neuroptera.

ABSTRACT This study's objectives were to compare the occurrence of brown rust and smut in conventional and energy cane families and clones in field conditions and to understand how the new hybridizations could contribute to increasing the allele frequency of resistance against the main crop diseases in breeding populations. Disease occurrence was evaluated in two selection stages. Of the 2.400 clones constituting the material for selection in the first stage, 88 clones (« 4% of the total) were selected for the second stage. Considering the overall performance of the clones without symptoms of either disease in the evaluated families that would be possibly selected in the second stage, the percentage was at least 28% lower in the families selected for high biomass (37.33%) than of the selected conventional (57.14%) and intermediate biomass (66.67%) families. In the intermediate biomass and high biomass sugarcane families, brown rust and smut rates were higher in the first stage. In the second stage, brown rust incidence was higher in high biomass families. However, at the end of both selection phases, intermediate biomass and high biomass sugarcane clones without simultaneous brown rust and smut symptoms could be selected.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la incidencia de roya marrón y carbón en familias y clones de caña de azúcar convencional y caña de azúcar para energía, a fin de evaluar el efecto de las hibridaciones en la frecuencia alélica de resistencia a estas enfer medades en el mejoramiento de los cultivos. La ocurrencia de las enfermedades fue observada en dos etapas de selección. En la primera etapa se evaluaron 30 familias, clasificadas según tipo de familia: cinco familias de caña de azúcar convencional (CO); trece familias de caña de azúcar para producción de energía con alta biomasa (HB) y, doce familias de caña de azúcar para producción de energía con biomasa intermedia (IB). Durante la segunda etapa, se evaluaron 88 genotipos libres de enfermedad: siete genotipos CO; 60 genotipos HB y 21 genotipos IB. En la primera fase de selección se observaron tasas más altas de carbón y roya en familias de caña de azúcar de biomasa intermedia (IB) y alta (HB). En la segunda fase de selección, la incidencia de la roya de las familias de alta biomasa (HB) fue mayor. En las familias con biomasa media y alta las tasas de roya marrón y carbón resultaron mayores en el primer estadio. En el segundo estadio, la incidencia de roya marrón fue mayor en las familias con alta biomasa. Al final de dos fases, se seleccionaron clones de caña de azúcar de biomasa intermedia y alta, sin síntomas de ninguna de las enfermedades evaluadas.