ABSTRACT: The present investigation aimed to evaluate the type of maintenance and the types of machinery in four sawmills in the city of Jaén, the evaluation was carried out through the methodology of direct observation information collection through the data collection sheet instrument, In turn, the type of machinery used in the first transformation sawmill work was identified, with the technical characteristics of each machinery usually consisting of a brushcutter, band saw, circular table saw and a planer. The type of sawmill was classified according to its daily production, being the sawmill the parral, Santa Rosa and Casa Blanca in the category of small and the sawmill the union of very small; process diagrams were also elaborated according to the classification, resulting in two process diagrams; and the classification of maintenance in the studied sawmills is preventive and corrective; It was also determined that it is business-oriented for the La Unión, Santa Rosa and Casa Blanca sawmills and for the El Parral sawmill it is classified as oriented to business-followers.

RESUMEN: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo clasificar el tipo de mantenimiento y describir el tipo de maquinarias en cuatro aserraderos en la ciudad de Jaén, la evaluación se realizó mediante la metodología de recopilación de información de observación directa mediante el instrumento de ficha de recolección de datos, a su vez se identifico el tipo de maquinaria usada en los trabajos de aserrío de primera transformación, siendo las características técnicas de cada maquinaria conformado usualmente por una desbrozadora, sierra cinta, sierra circular de mesa y una cepilladora. Se clasificó el tipo de aserradero según su producción diaria, siendo el aserradero el parral, santa rosa y casa blanca en categoría de pequeño y el aserradero la unión de muy pequeño; también se elaboraron diagramas de procesos según la clasificación dando como resultado dos diagramas de procesos; y la clasificación del mantenimiento en los aserraderos estudiados es de tipo preventivo y correctivo; también se determinó que es orientado a los negocios para los aserraderos la Unión, Santa Rosa y Casa Blanca y para el aserradero el parral se clasifica en orientado a los negocios - seguidores.

Resumo Várias espécies endêmicas de Blaps ocorrem na Tunísia, e a espécie Blaps nefrauensis nefrauensis foi relatada em Moulares (zona urbana no centro-oeste da Tunísia), onde vive e se reproduz em jardins domésticos e prédios antigos. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o ciclo de vida do besouro escuro, considerando as condições de criação em campo e em laboratório. Como resultado, a espécie de besouro tem diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (ovo, larva, prepupa, pupa e adulto) que duram cerca de 15 meses. Todos os anos, durante o mesmo período, os adultos emergem (início do verão) e expiram (final do outono), as larvas eclodem (final do verão) e se tornam pupas (início do verão). Existe apenas uma geração por ano. As fêmeas começaram a botar ovos no final de julho. Os ovos eram ovóides, brancos, com cerca de 2,7 mm de comprimento e 1,5 mm de largura. A embriogênese demorou em média nove dias. As larvas de primeiro instar tinham inicialmente apenas 4,5 mm de comprimento e uma cor branca marfim. Foi fornecida uma breve descrição da larva recém-eclodida; assim, as fibras nervosas que inervam as cerdas apicais nas antenas e ligulas foram detectadas. Um exame microscópico de luz posterior do embrião antes da eclosão do ovo mostrou que as sensilas antenais são protegidas durante o estágio de embriogênese.

Abstract Several endemic species of Blaps occur in Tunisia, and the species Blaps nefrauensis nefrauensis has been reported in Moulares (urban zone in west-central Tunisia), where it lives and reproduces in home gardens and old buildings. The aim of this work is to study the life cycle of the darkling beetle, considering both field and laboratory rearing conditions. As a result, the beetle species has different developmental stages (egg, larva, prepupa, pupa, and adult) that last about 15 months. Each year during the same period, adults emerge (early summer) and expire (late autumn), larvae hatch (late summer) and pupate (early summer). There is only one generation per year. Females began laying eggs in late July. The eggs were ovoid, white, and about 2.7 mm in length and 1.5 mm in width. Embryogenesis took an average of nine days. The first instar larvae were at initially only 4.5 mm long and ivory white in color. A brief description of the newly egg hatched larva was provided; thus, the nerve fibers innervating the apical setae in the antennae and ligula were detected. Further light microscopic examination of the embryo before hatching from the egg pointed out that the antennal sensilla are protected during the embryogenesis stage.

Abstract The advantages of using zeolites are lower costs and better durability, but it requires longer setting time and slower strength development. Chemical and thermal methods have been developed to overcome these disadvantages and to enhance the reactivity of natural zeolite. This paper addressed through a parametric experimental pozzolanic reactivity, the strength and setting time by varying the cure temperature and the amount and type of chemical activators. To this end, several mixtures of natural zeolite-lime pastes were made with two concentrations of chemical activators including 4% and 8% of NaOH, NaCl, and CaSO4.2H2O. The produced pastes were cured at 20, 40, and 80 °C. The blends were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that curing at high temperatures accelerated the pozzolanic reactivity and increased the compressive strength. The use of CaSO4.2H2O led to an increase in the consumption of Ca(OH)2 and strength. Adding NaCl improved slightly the compressive strength at high curing temperatures. The addition of 8% NaOH at 40 °C significantly improved reactivity and strength. Setting time was accelerated by adding chemical activators to the blends. The raw zeolite had good pozzolanic activity, but the addition of CaSO4.2H2O enhanced it.