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ABSTRACT Objective. To provide a comprehensive overview of geographical patterns (2001–2010) and time trends (1993–2012) of cancer incidence in children aged 0–19 years in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and interpret the findings in the context of global patterns. Methods. Geographical variations in 2001–2010 and incidence trends over 1993–2012 in the population of LAC younger than 20 years were described using the database of the third volume of the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer study containing comparable data. Age-specific incidence per million person-years (ASR) was calculated for population subgroups and age-standardized (WSR) using the world standard population. Results. Overall, 36 744 unique cases were included in this study. In 2001–2010 the overall WSR in age 0–14 years was 132.6. The most frequent were leukemia (WSR 48.7), central nervous system neoplasms (WSR 23.0), and lymphoma (WSR 16.6). The overall ASR in age group 15–19 years was 152.3 with lymphoma ranking first (ASR 30.2). Incidence was higher in males than in females, and higher in South America than in Central America and the Caribbean. Compared with global data LAC incidence was lower overall, except for leukemia and lymphoma at age 0–14 years and the other and unspecified tumors at any age. Overall incidence at age 0–19 years increased by 1.0% per year (95% CI [0.6, 1.3]) over 1993–2012. The included registries covered 16% of population aged 0–14 years and 10% of population aged 15–19 years. Conclusions. The observed patterns provide a baseline to assess the status and evolution of childhood cancer occurrence in the region. Extended and sustained support of cancer registration is required to improve representativeness and timeliness of data for childhood cancer control in LAC.

RESUMO Objetivo. Apresentar uma visão abrangente dos padrões geográficos (2001 a 2010) e das tendências temporais (1993 a 2012) da incidência de câncer em crianças e jovens de 0 a 19 anos na América Latina e no Caribe (ALC) e interpretar os resultados no contexto de padrões mundiais. Métodos. Foram descritas variações geográficas de 2001 a 2010 e tendências de incidência de 1993 a 2012 na população com menos de 20 anos da ALC usando informações comparáveis da base de dados do terceiro volume do estudo International Incidence of Childhood Cancer. Foram calculadas taxas de incidência específica por idade por milhão de pessoas-ano (ASR, na sigla em inglês) para subgrupos populacionais e taxas padronizadas por idade usando a população padrão mundial (WSR, na sigla em inglês). Resultados. No total, foram incluídos 36 744 casos únicos. No período de 2001 a 2010, a WSR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 0 a 14 anos foi de 132,6. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram leucemia (WSR de 48,7), neoplasias do sistema nervoso central (WSR de 23,0) e linfoma (WSR de 16,6). A ASR para todos os tumores combinados na faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos foi de 152,3, e a maior taxa foi a de linfoma (ASR de 30,2). A incidência foi maior no sexo masculino do que no sexo feminino e maior na América do Sul do que na América Central e no Caribe. De modo geral, em comparação com as estimativas mundiais, a incidência na ALC foi menor, exceto para leucemia e linfoma entre 0 e 14 anos e para outros tumores e tumores não especificados em qualquer idade. A taxa de incidência na faixa etária de 0 a 19 anos aumentou em 1,0% ao ano (IC de 95% [0,6, 1,3]) entre 1993 e 2012. Os registros incluídos cobriam 16% da população de 0 a 14 anos e 10% da população de 15 a 19 anos. Conclusões. Os padrões observados servem de referência para avaliar o status e a evolução da ocorrência de câncer infantil na região. É necessário garantir um apoio ampliado e consistente aos registros de câncer para aprimorar a representatividade e a disponibilidade das informações em tempo adequado para o controle do câncer infantil na ALC.

https://doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2024.11

Influence of P-Ca on cytokinins in xylem sap and on stomatal resistance in apple
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Ramírez, Homero

; Melendres-Alvarez, Aarón Isain

; Zermeño-González, Alejandro

; Jasso-Cantú, Diana

; Villarreal-Quintanilla, José Ángel

Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios

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2021, Volume 8 N. 1 elocation e2580

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN. Para investigar el origen de las citocininas, se estudió los efectos de prohexadiona de calcio (P-Ca) sobre citocininas en savia de xilema y en la resistencia de estomas en manzano. Plantas Golden Delicious fueron asperjadas con 100 ppm P-Ca y la resistencia de estomas en sus hojas fue medida a intervalos de 1 a 4 horas y 15 días posteriores. Arboles Golden Delicious fueron asperjados dos semanas después de floración con 200 ppm P-Ca. Entre una y dos semanas después del tratamiento, el tallo fue removido del sistema radicular; y, la savia de xilema extraída con la técnica de succión para analizar citocininas. P-Ca aumentó significativamente la resistencia de estomas (rango 2.74-4.35 s/cm−1) al compararse con el testigo (rango 2.12-3.44 s/cm−1); sin embargo, no modificó citocininas en savia del xilema. El nivel entre testigo y P-Ca siempre fluctuó en los rangos de 0.10 a 0.20 µg kinetin equivalentes/20 ml xilema.

ABSTRACT. With the purpose to search upon the cytokinins origin, a study was conducted on the effects of prohexadione-ca (P-Ca) on cytokinins in xylem sap and on stomatal resistance in apple. Golden Delicious seedlings were sprayed with 100 ppm P-Ca. Stomatal leaf resistance was measured at intervals between 1 and 4 hours of spraying and 15 days after the treatment. Golden Delicious trees were sprayed with 200 ppm P-Ca two weeks after full bloom. At intervals between 1 and two weeks after P-Ca treatment, the main de-shooted stem was removed from root system and xylem sap was collected for cytokinins analysis using the suction technique. Prohexadione- ca significantly increased stomatal resistance (range 2.74-4.35 s/cm−1) when compared to control (range 2.12-3.44 s/cm−1); however, P-Ca did not modify the level of cytokinins in xylem sap since range values were between 0.10 to 0.20 µg kinetin equivalents/20 ml xylem sap for both, cytokinin and control.

https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a8n1.2580

New methods for estimating lime requirement to attain desirable pH values in Brazilian soils
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Teixeira, Welldy Gonçalves

; Víctor Hugo Alvarez, V.

; Neves, Júlio César Lima

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2020, Volume 44 elocation e0200008

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In Brazil, empirical models are traditionally used to determine lime requirement (LR), but their reliability is doubtful in most cases, since they can lead to under- or overestimation of LR for different soil types. In this study, the most critical characteristics influencing LR were selected to develop reliable models for predicting LR that raise soil pH to optimum values for crop production in Brazil. Soil samples (n = 22) with varying proportions of clay (5-88 %) and organic matter (OM) levels (3.78-79.35 g kg-1) were used to develop the models. Organic matter and potential acidity (HAl) combined with ΔpH [target pH(H2O) - initial pH(H2O)] were the best predictor variables for estimating LR. Four models were developed (OMpH5.8, OMpH6.0, HAlpH5.8, and HAlpH6.0) for estimating LR to attain target pH values of 5.8 or 6.0 with reasonably high prediction performance (0.758≤ R2 ≤0.886). An algorithm was further developed for selecting the LR to be recommended among those estimated by the models. The proposed algorithm enables to select the minimum LR that ensure the adequate supply of Ca and Mg to plants and does not exceed the levels of soil HAl, thus preventing excessive pH increase. The new predictive models were less sensitive to predict LR high enough to meet Ca2+ and Mg2+ requirements of plants in soils containing levels of HAl lower than 5 cmolc dm-3 and OM lower than 40 g kg-1. However, they ensured an adequate supply of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to plants and avoided the overestimation of LR for most soils used in this research. Validation via an independent dataset (n = 100 samples) confirmed the good predictive performance of the models across a wide range of soil types. In summary, the proposed models can be used as good alternatives to traditional methods for predicting LR for a great variety of Brazilian soils. Further, they are versatile and may be easily deployed in soil testing laboratories, since soil pH, OM, and HAl are characteristics determined in routine analysis.

https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20200008 1461 downloads

Partitioning of macronutrients and nutritional efficiency in fertigated prata banana
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Deus, José Aridiano Lima de

; Neves, Júlio César Lima

; Lima Neto, Antonio João de

; Natale, William

; Alvarez V, Víctor Hugo

; Albuquerque, Fabricio Martinazzo Regis de

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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2020, Volume 42 N. 4 elocation e-611

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O adequado manejo nutricional de qualquer espécie vegetal requer quantificar os nutrientes acumulados na planta e conhecer sua alocação nos diferentes órgãos. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a partição, o conteúdo, a exportação de macronutrientes e a eficiência nutricional de plantas de bananeira-Prata fertirrigadas. Realizou-se um levantamento histórico de produtividade anual de frutos em 66 talhões de bananeira-Prata, selecionando-se quatro que atendessem às classes de produtividade anual (< 30,0; 30,0 = 37,5; 37,5 = 45,0 e > 45,0 t ha-1). Utilizando-se da massa de matéria seca dos diferentes órgãos da planta-mãe e da planta-filha, bem como dos respectivos teores de macronutrientes, estimaramu-se o conteúdo, a partição, a exportação, a sequência de acúmulo dos macronutrientes e a eficiência nutricional por meio do coeficiente de utilização biológica (CUB). A partição do conteúdo de macronutrientes variou com a classe de produtividade e o órgão da planta. A distribuição média de nutrientes na planta-mãe e na planta-filha apresentou amplitudes de 67,5 a 82,8 % e de 17,2 a 32,5 %, respectivamente. As exportações de macronutrientes por tonelada de cacho foram 4,334; 1,660; 0,361; 0,224; 0,148 e 0,119 kg t-1 para K, N, P, Mg, S e Ca, respectivamente. A bananeira possui padrão de partição de nutrientes para diferentes rendimentos, ou seja, o trabalho traz evidências de que existe uma “compartimentalização ideal” que promove maiores produtividades; entretanto, há necessidade de mais pesquisas para suportar essa afirmação. Os nutrientes mais exportados por tonelada de cacho foram K e N. A ordem decrescente de acúmulo foi: K > N > Ca Mg > P > S. Observou-se que os CUBs de N e P foram menos sensíveis às variações de produtividade, enquanto Ca e Mg foram os mais sensíveis.

Abstract Adequate nutritional management of any plant species requires quantifying the nutrients accumulated in the plant and knowing their allocation in the different organs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the partitioning, accumulation, export of macronutrients and the nutritional efficiency of fertigated Prata banana plants. A historical survey of annual fruit productivity was conducted in 66 plots of Prata banana, selecting four that met the annual productivity classes (< 30.0; 30.0 = 37.5; 37.5 = 45.0 and > 45.0 t ha-1). The dry matter weights of the different organs of parent plant and follower, as well as the respective contents of macronutrients, were used to estimate the accumulation, partitioning, export, sequence of accumulation of macronutrients and nutritional efficiency using the coefficient of biological utilization (CBU). The partitioning of macronutrient accumulation varied with productivity class and plant organ. The average distribution of nutrients in the parent plant and in the follower ranged from 67.5 to 82.8 % and from 17.2 to 32.5 %, respectively. Macronutrient exports per ton of bunch were 4.334, 1.660, 0.361, 0.224, 0.148 and 0.119 kg t-1 for K, N, P, Mg, S and Ca, respectively. Banana mats have a nutrient partitioning pattern for different yields, that is, this work provides evidence that there is an “ideal compartmentalization” that promotes higher productivity; however, more research is needed to support this statement. The most exported nutrients per ton of bunch were K and N. The descending order of accumulation was: K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. It was observed that the CBUs of N and P were less sensitive to productivity variations, while those of Ca and Mg were the most sensitive.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452020611 618 downloads

Resposta da soja ao gesso agrícola em plantio direto no Paraguai
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Fois, Diego Augusto Fatecha

; Lana, Maria do Carmo

; Alvarez, Jimmy Walter Rasche

; Frandoloso, Jucenei

; Vera, Laura Raquel Quiñonez

; Tiecher, Tales

Revista Ceres

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sep 2018, Volume 65 N. 5 Pages 450 - 462

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A aplicação de gesso em áreas sob plantio direto pode influenciar as características químicas do perfil do solo e aumentar produtividade de soja. Esse trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar efeito da gessagem na produtividade da soja num Argissolo e Latossolo no Paraguai. O experimento foi realizado nos municípios de Minga Porá e Itakyry, usando delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis doses de gesso agrícola (0, 100, 200, 400, 800 e 1600 kg ha‒1) e cinco repetições. Aplicou-se gesso em superfície em setembro de 2014 e foram avaliadas duas safras de soja (2014/2015 e 2015/2016). Para cada safra foram coletadas amostras de tecido foliar e grãos para determinação dos teores de P, K, Ca, Mg e S. Foi avaliada a massa de mil grãos, número de vagens por planta, número de sementes por planta, número de grãos por vagens e rendimento de grãos. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em ambos locais das camadas de 0‒10, 10‒20 e 20‒40 cm, para determinação de teores de S, K, Ca e Mg disponíveis, saturação por bases e saturação por Al. Os componentes de rendimento e a produtividade da soja não foram influenciados pela aplicação de gesso. Os teores de Ca, Mg, S, P e K no grão e também no tecido foliar da soja não foram afetados pela aplicação das doses de gesso em nenhum local e ano agrícola avaliado. Não houve relação entre a produtividade da soja em todos os cultivos avaliados com o teor de S e K disponível, Ca e Mg trocável, saturação por bases e saturação por alumínio no solo da camada 0‒10, 10‒20 e 20‒40 cm.

ABSTRACT The application of gypsum in areas under no-till system can influence the characteristics chemical properties of the soil profile and increase soybean productivity. This work was conducted in order to evaluate effect of gypsum in soybean productivity in an Argissolo and Latossolo in the Paraguai. The experiment was carried out in the municipalities of Minga Porá and Itakyry, using randomized block design with six treatments (0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 kg ha‒1 of gypsum) and five replications were installed. Gypsum was applied to the surface in September 2014. Two soybean crops (2014/2015 and 2015/2016) were evaluated. Samples of leaf tissue and grains were collected for determination of P, K, Ca, Mg and S contents. A mass of 1000 grains, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number and grain yield per pods were evaluated. Soil samples were collected in both locations of layers of 0‒10, 10‒20 and 20‒40 cm, for determination contents of S, K, Ca and Mg available, bases saturation and Al saturation. The grain yield components, the Ca, Mg, S, P and K contents in the soybean grain and leaf were not influenced by the gypsum. The grain yield had no relation to the available S, Ca, Mg and K contents in the soil in the 0‒10, 10‒20 and 20‒40 cm soil layers.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x201865050010 2088 downloads

RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD FISICOQUÍMICA EN LÍNEAS EXPERIMENTALES DE Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme CULTIVADAS CON DIFERENTES NIVELES DE CONDUCTIVIDAD ELÉCTRICA
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Martínez-Damian, María Teresa

; Rodríguez-Pérez, Juan Enrique

; Cruz-Alvarez, Oscar

; Beryl Colinas-León, María Teresa

Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences

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aug 2018, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 152 - 164

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to evaluate the yield and physicochemical quality of the fruit in seven experimental lines of cherry tomato in response to three levels (2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 dS m-1) of electrical conductivity (EC) of Steiner's nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with six replicates. Yield, number of fruits per cluster (NFPC), average fruit weight (AFW), color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), vitamin C (VC), total phenols (TF), lycopene (Ly) and antioxidant capacity (AC) were evaluated. EC levels of 2.5 and 3.0 dS m-1 showed statistically the highest values of firmness (1.23 and 1.14 N mm-1), TSS (7.04 and 7.08 °Brix), TA (0.49 and 0.50% citric acid), VC (13.91 and 8.91 mg 100 g-1), Ly (9.17 and 10.75 mg 100 g-1) and AC (45.96 and 52.21 mm TEAC g-1). Among genotypes, H13-39 recorded the highest yield and AFW, with values of 9.47 kg m-2 and 38.35 g, respectively. Additionally, L-ChNg1 and L-ChNg2 presented the fruit with the highest firmness, while H13-26 had those with the highest TA and VC. With the exception of H13-39, L-ChNg1 and L-ChNg2, the rest of the genotypes were characterized by a high AC (55.53-60.60 mm TEAC g-1). However, H13-39 and L-ChNg1 had the highest Ly content. The modification of the EC of Steiner's nutrient solution kept the evaluated yield components unchanged, but it affected the physicochemical quality of the fruit among genotypes. This allowed identifying outstanding experimental lines with potential for commercial use.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el rendimiento y calidad fisicoquímica del fruto en siete líneas experimentales avanzadas de tomate cherry, como respuesta a tres niveles (2,0; 2,5; y 3,0 dS m-1) de conductividad eléctrica (CE) de la solución nutritiva de Steiner. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con seis repeticiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento, número de frutos por racimo (NFPR), peso promedio de fruto (PPF), color, firmeza, sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez titulable (AT), vitamina C (VC), fenoles totales (FT), licopeno (Li) y capacidad antioxidante (CA). Los niveles de CE de 2,5 y 3,0 dS m-1 mostraron estadísticamente la mejor firmeza (1,23 y 1,14 N mm-1), SST (7,04 y 7,08°Brix), AT (0,49-0,50% ácido cítrico), VC (13,91 y 8,91 mg 100 g-1), Li (9,17 y 10,75 mg 100 g-1) y CA (45,96-52,21 mm TEAC g-1). Entre genotipos, H13-39 fue la de mayor rendimiento y PPF con 9,47 kg m-2 y 38,35 g, respectivamente. Adicionalmente L-ChNg1 y L-ChNg2 presentaron los frutos más firmes y H13-26 los de mayor AT y VC. Con excepción de H13-39, L-ChNg1 y L-ChNg2, el resto de genotipos se caracterizaron por su alta CA (55,53-60,60 mm TEAC g-1). Sin embargo, H13-39 y L-ChNg1 presentaron los mayores contenidos de Li. La modificación de la CE de la solución nutritiva de Steiner mantuvo sin cambios a los componentes de rendimiento evaluados, pero afectó la calidad fisicoquímica del fruto entre genotipos. Esto permitió observar líneas experimentales sobresalientes y con potencial para su aprovechamiento comercial.

996 downloads

Modeling in the Adjustment of Fertilization Recommendation through Leaf Analysis in Fertigated ‘Prata’ Banana
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Deus, José Aridiano Lima de

; Neves, Júlio César Lima

; Soares, Ismail

; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo

; Albuquerque, Fabricio Martinazzo Regis de

; Santos, Lauana Lopes dos

; Natale, William

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2018, Volume 42 elocation e0170372

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: In banana cultivation, fertilization recommendations are almost exclusively based on soil chemical analysis, without considering leaf analysis and expected yield, which can help in the adjustment of fertilization programs. The aim of this study was to develop a method to recommend macronutrient fertilization rates which integrates data on leaf analysis, soil chemical analysis, and yield. Yield, soil chemical analysis, and leaf analysis data of fertigated plantations of ‘Prata’ banana were obtained for the first and second halves of the years from 2010 to 2015. Yield was correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) and soil contents of macronutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg) to obtain the critical level (CLNui). Then, leaf nutrient contents were plotted on a dispersion graph as a function of soil contents using the method of Quadrant Diagram of the Plant-Soil Relationship (QDpsR). Based on leaf analysis, recommended rates were simulated for four plots and compared with rates recommended by other methods. The values of CLNui obtained were 13.2 g dm−3for SOM; 97.5 and 91.5 mg dm−3for P and K; and 2.71 and 0.61 cmolc dm−3for Ca2+and Mg2+. The rates recommended based on leaf analysis diverged from the recommendations of Ferticalc®-Bananeira and the Recommendation Table for Banana Fertilization; in plots for which recommendations were made, there were higher rates of P2O5 and Ca and lower rates of K2O. However, in most cases, applications were not recommended, either because contents in leaves and soil were adequate or because yield was being limited by non-nutritional factors or, if nutritional, related to other nutrient(s). Leaf analysis satisfactorily adjusts the recommended rates of nutrients and has advantages if incorporated in nutritional balance models.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20170372 785 downloads

Riesgo cardiovascular según circunferencia abdominal en peruanos
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Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina

; Alvarez-Dongo, Doris

; Espinoza-Oriundo, Paula

Anales de la Facultad de Medicina

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jul 2017, Volume 78 N. 3 Pages 287 - 291

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Excessive intra-abdominal fat is related to metabolic alterations that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To describe the risk of cardiovascular disease according to abdominal circumference in Peruvians. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Institute of Health (NIH), Peru. Participants: Peruvians aged ≥12 years or older. Interventions: Probabilistic sampling, stratified, multistage. The sample included 1 191 conglomerates with 7 914 households distributed in Peru, in 2013-2014. 16 832 inhabitants ≥12 year old were evaluated. The cardiovascular risk was classified as low, high or very high. The NIH performed the AC assessment and the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (NISI) calculated the sample and weights. Main outcome measures: Cardiovascular risk according to AC. Results: 50.1% presented low risk of cardiovascular disease, 22.8% high and 27.1% very high risk. The high risk for cardiovascular disease was more prevalent in women (42.5%), residing in the urban area (30.5%) (P <0.001), in Metropolitan Lima (32.6%) and in the coast (31.0%) (p <0.001). The high risk of cardiovascular disease was similar between sexes, being more frequent in the urban area (24.3%), Metropolitan Lima (25.1%) and the coast (24.2%). The high and very high risk of cardiovascular disease increased with age (p <0.001), except the high risk which decreased in the elderly. The risk of cardiovascular disease increased as poverty decreased (p <0.001). Conclusions: Half of the Peruvians aged 21 and above presented high and very high risk of cardiovascular disease according to abdominal circumference.

Introducción. El exceso de grasa intraabdominal está relacionado a las alteraciones metabólicas que incrementan el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo. Determinar el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular según circunferencia abdominal (CA) en peruanos. Diseño. Estudio transversal. Lugar. Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), Perú. Participantes. Peruanos ≥ 12 años de edad. Intervenciones. Muestreo probabilístico, estratificado multietápico. La muestra incluyó 1 191 conglomerados que incluyeron 7 914 viviendas distribuidas en Perú, en 2013-2014. Se evalúo 16 832 habitantes ≥ 12 años. El riesgo cardiovascular se clasificó en bajo, alto y muy alto. El INS realizó la evaluación de la CA y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) calculó la muestra y ponderaciones. Principales medidas de resultados. Riesgo cardiovascular según CA. Resultados. El 50,1% presentó riesgo bajo de enfermedad cardiovascular, 22,8% riesgo alto y 27,1% riesgo muy alto. El riesgo muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular fue más prevalente en las mujeres (42,5%), que residieron en la área urbana (30,5%) (p<0,001), Lima Metropolitana (32,6%) y la Costa (31,0%) (p<0,001). El riesgo alto de enfermedad cardiovascular fue similar entre sexos, siendo más frecuente en la zona urbana (24,3%), Lima Metropolitana (25,1%) y la Costa (24,2%). El riesgo alto y muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó conforme se incrementó la edad (p<0,001), excepto el riesgo alto que disminuyó en los adultos mayores. El riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular aumentó a medida que disminuyó el nivel de pobreza (p<0,001). Conclusiones. La mitad de los peruanos de doce años a más presentaron riesgo alto y muy alto de enfermedad cardiovascular según la circunferencia abdominal.

https://doi.org/10.15381/anales.v78i3.13760

La prohexadiona-ca aumenta rendimiento y contenido de antioxidantes en vid cultivar shiraz
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Ramírez, Homero

; Alvarez-Maldonado, Víctor Manuel

; Aguilar, Cristóbal Noé

; Wong-Paz, Jorge Enrique

; Zermeño-González, Alejandro

; Vázquez-Badillo, Mario Ernesto

; Zavala-Ramírez, María Guadalupe

; Mendoza-Castellanos, Joaquín

Ecosistemas y recursos agropecuarios

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apr 2017, Volume 4 N. 10 Pages 13 - 20

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: In recent years the grapevine planting surface has grown worldwide. In Mexico, the improvement in production systems on this crop is of a significant interest; in particular, when increment on yield is followed by higher antioxidant content in berries. Prohexadione-Ca (P-Ca) is a growth retardant which increases yield and fruit quality. P-Ca was applied in 2014 to a vineyard plot growing the cultivar Shiraz. The hormone was sprayed in two occasions with the following treatments: 0 (water-control), 100, 200 and 300 mg L-1. The first application was conducted at full bloom; whereas the second took place two weeks later. At harvest; size, weight and fruit quality; yield; weight and number of raquis were evaluated. Yield per plant increased in most P-Ca treatments; where, the dosage at 300 mg L-1 increased 53 %. The fruit quality analysis showed that P-Ca sprayed twice at 300 mg L-1 increased 42 % the content of total polifenols. P-Ca at 200 mg L-1 in two applications caused an increment of 68% in total anthocyanins; whereas the content of procyanidins substantially increased with the growth retardant; in particular at 300 mg L-1 which caused an increment of 98 % in comparison to fruit controls.

Resumen: El cultivo de vid se ha expandido a nivel mundial en años recientes. En México, el interés por mejorar los sistemas de producción en esta especie es significativo. En particular, cuando además de aumentar el rendimiento se mejora la calidad del fruto al incrementar su contenido de antioxidantes. El retardante de crecimiento prohexadiona Ca (P-Ca) mejora la producción y calidad de frutos. Se aplicó P- Ca a un viñedo del cultivar Shiraz durante el ciclo 2014. Se aplicaron los siguientes tratamientos: 0 (agua-testigo), 100, 200 y 300 mg L-1 de la hormona P-Ca, por medio de la asperción en dos ocasiones. La primera se realizó en oración y la segunda, dos semanas después. Durante la cosecha, se evaluaron peso, tamaño y calidad de fruto; rendimiento; así como número y peso de racimos. El rendimiento por planta fue superior en la mayoría de los tratamientos con P-Ca; en donde, la dosis con 300 mg L-1 aumentó en un 53%. Los análisis químicos del fruto mostraron que la P-Ca a 300 mg L-1 aplicado en dos ocasiones aumentó un 42% el contenido de polifenoles totales. El contenido de antocianinas se incrementó en un 68% con P-Ca a 200 mg L-1; en tanto que los niveles de procianidinas totales reflejaron incrementos substanciales con P-Ca destacando el tratamiento con 300 mg L-1 que aumentó un 98% el contenido de procianidinas en comparación con el testigo.

https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a4n10.829 538 downloads

10.

Macronutrient Uptake and Removal by Upland Rice Cultivars with Different Plant Architecture
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Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa

; Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti

; Carmeis Filho, Antonio Carlos de Almeida

; Alvarez, Rita de Cássia Félix

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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2016, Volume 40 elocation e0150115

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Modern high-yielding rice cultivars possibly take up and remove greater quantities of macronutrients than traditional and intermediate cultivars. This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the extraction and removal of macronutrients by upland rice cultivars. These information are of utmost importance for the correct fertilizer management. The treatments consisted of three upland rice cultivars (Caiapó, a traditional type; BRS Primavera, an intermediate type; and Maravilha, a modern type). Macronutrient accumulation by rice cultivars up to the end of tillering (46 DAE) accounted for only 25 % of the total N and P, and between 35-45 % of the total K, Ca, Mg, and S; after that time, accumulation was intensified. In all of the cultivars, the period of greatest nutrient uptake occurred from 45 to 60 DAE for K, Ca, Mg, and S, and after 65 DAE for N. Phosphorus was taken up at greater rates at 70 DAE by the cultivar BRS Primavera and after 90 DAE by the cultivars Caiapó and Maravilha. The cultivars of the traditional (Caiapó) and intermediate (BRS Primavera) groups took up greater amounts of Ca (143 kg ha-1), Mg (46-53 kg ha-1), and S (45-52 kg ha-1), but amounts of N (147-156 kg ha-1) and P (18-19 kg ha-1) were similar to those of the cultivar of the modern group (Maravilha). Caiapó cultivar took up more K (245 kg ha-1) than other cultivars (204-207 kg ha-1). The cultivars Caiapó and Maravilha showed similar grain yield (4,157 and 4,094 kg ha-1); however, this was lower than the grain yield of cultivar BRS Primavera (6,010 kg ha-1). Cultivars with greater yield levels did not necessarily exhibit a greater uptake and removal of nutrients per area, even if they had greater capacity for conversion of the nutrients taken up into the biomass.

https://doi.org/10.1590/18069657rbcs20150115 2268 downloads

11.

Effect of particle size of limestone on Ca, Mg and K contents in soil and in sward plants
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Viadé, Ana

; Fernández-Marcos, María Luisa

; Hernández-Nistal, Josefina

; Alvarez, Esperanza

Scientia Agricola

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apr 2011, Volume 68 N. 2 Pages 200 - 208

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A aplicação de calcário em solos ácidos promove aumento da produção agrícola por meio da melhoria das condições do solo. Entre os efeitos da calagem, o aumento da disponibilidade de cátions alcalinos e alcalino-terrosos são dignos de menção. Essas disponibilidades podem ser afetadas pelo tamanho das partículas do calcário aplicado, que influencia a solubilidade do mesmo. Investigaram-se os efeitos da granulometria e épocas de aplicação de calcário magnesiano nos cátions trocáveis Ca, Mg e K extraidos no solo, nas suas concentrações em plantas crescidas cultivadas nesse solo e no rendimento das suas matérias secas. Vários tamanhos de partículas de calcário magnesiano foram aplicadas às parcelas experimentais, a uma taxa de 3 t ha-1, gramíneas e trevo foram plantados e as parcelas foram monitoradas durante três anos. O calcário mais fino (< 0,25 mm) em uma única aplicação proporcionou os maiores teores de Ca e Mg extraídos por Mehlich-3 e por NH4Cl. Este mesmo calcário quando aplicado parcelado em três doses anuais foi menos eficaz. Parcelas tratadas com o clacário mais grosseiro (2-4 mm) não diferiram da testemunha. A calagem não teve efeito sobre o potássio, quer seja no solo ou nas plantas. As concentrações no solo de Ca, Mg e K extraídos por Mehlich-3 e NH4Cl foram positivamente correlacionadas. O NH4Cl extraiu mais Ca do que o Mehlich-3, enquanto o segundo extraíu mais Mg e K do que o NH4Cl. O Ca, Mg e K extraídos pelo NH4Cl foram também correlacionados com extrações por água. Concentrações de Mg em plantas estão relacionadas com concentrações de Mg no solo extraídos pelo NH4Cl ou pela água. Nem as concentrações ou teores totais de Ca e K nas plantas correlacionaram-se com as concentrações extraídas de Ca e K do solo. O rendimento de matéria seca total não foi afetado pela calagem. A produtividade das espécies cultivadas foi maior nas parcelas tratadas com os calcários mais finos do que em parcelas com calcário mais grosseiro. Cátions extraídos pela água ou NH4Cl correlacionaram-se com a variação da produção de matéria seca.

Liming increases crop production through improved soil conditions in acidic soils. Among the effects of liming, increased availabilities of alkaline and alkaline-earth cations are worth mention. These availabilities may be affected by the particle size of applied limestone, which influences lime reactivity. The effects of particle size and application schedule of magnesium limestone were investigated on extractable Ca, Mg and K in soil, their concentrations in sward plants and dry-matter yield. Magnesium limestone of various particle sizes was applied to experimental plots at a rate of 3 t ha-1, a grass-clover sward was sown, and the plots were monitored during three years. The finest limestone (< 0.25 mm) in a single application yielded the highest soil Ca and Mg concentrations extracted by Mehlich-3 and NH4Cl. The same limestone split in three annual doses was less effective. Plots treated with the coarsest limestone (2-4 mm) did not differ from control plots. Liming had no effect on potassium, either in soil or plants. Soil concentrations of Ca, Mg and K extracted by Mehlich-3 and NH4Cl were correlated with each other (r = 0.76, 0.75 and 0.67, respectively). NH4Cl extracted more Ca than Mehlich-3, while the latter extracted more Mg and K than NH4Cl. Soil Ca, Mg and K extracted by NH4Cl were also correlated to water extractions. Mg concentration in plants correlated to soil Mg extracted by NH4Cl or by water. Neither the concentrations nor the total contents of Ca and K in plants correlated with extractable soil Ca and K. The total dry matter yield was not affected by liming. The yield of sown species was higher in plots treated with the finest limestone than in plots limed with the coarsest limestone. Cations extracted by water or NH4Cl explained the variance of dry matter yield.

5094 downloads

12.

Orchid growth and nutrition in response to mineral and organic fertilizers
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Rodrigues, Donizetti Tomaz

; Novais, Roberto Ferreira

; Alvarez V., Víctor Hugo

; Dias, José Maria Moreira

; Villani, Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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oct 2010, Volume 34 N. 5 Pages 1609 - 1616

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A fertilização de orquídeas é fundamental para crescimento e desenvolvimento satisfatórios tanto em orquidários comerciais quanto em coleções. Essa fertilização pode ser realizada com fontes minerais e, ou, orgânicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de fertilizantes orgânicos e, ou, minerais sobre a nutrição e crescimento de mudas de orquídeas (Laelia purpurata 'werkhanserii' x L. lobata 'Jeni') em casa de vegetação. Foram utilizados: um fertilizante mineral NPK + micronutrientes; uma fonte de Ca na forma de nitrato de cálcio; e dois fertilizantes orgânicos, um preparado com a mistura de farinha de ossos, torta de mamona e cinzas e outro semelhante a esse último adquirido no comércio (comercial). Os fertilizantes orgânicos foram distribuídos sobre a superfície dos vasos a cada dois meses, e os minerais foram aplicados semanalmente no substrato em alíquotas de 25 mL de uma solução contendo 1 g L-1 do respectivo fertilizante. Os resultados demonstraram melhores respostas para uso do fertilizante mineral juntamente com o fertilizante orgânico, apresentando maior produção de matéria seca das plantas em relação ao uso isolado de cada fertilizante (orgânico ou mineral). Os tratamentos que receberam nitrato de cálcio adicionalmente ao fertilizante NPK não apresentaram diferenças significativas em comparação ao uso do fertilizante NPK, provavelmente por deficiência de S, evidenciada na análise mineral dos tecidos. O fertilizante orgânico comercial mostrou teor muito elevado de B, refletindo em sintomas de toxidez, crescimento reduzido e extremidades de folhas mais velhas necrosadas, em todos os tratamentos que receberam esse fertilizante.

Orchid fertilization is fundamental for a satisfactory plant growth and development for commercial orchid production as well as in collections. Mineral and/or organic sources can be used for fertilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of organic and/or mineral fertilizers on the nutrition and growth of orchid (Laelia purpurata 'werkhanserii' x L. lobata 'Jeni') seedlings in greenhouse. The following fertilizers were tested: an NPK fertilizer + micronutrients; a Ca source in the form of calcium nitrate; two organic fertilizers, one prepared with a mixture of bone meal, castor meal and ash, and a similar commercial fertilizer. The organic fertilizers were distributed on the surface of the pots every two months and the minerals were applied weekly to the substrate in 25 mL aliquots of a solution containing 1 g L-1 of the respective fertilizer. The plant response to the application of mineral together with organic fertilizer was better, with higher dry matter production than by the isolated application of each fertilizer (organic or mineral). The treatments with calcium nitrate + NPK fertilizer did not differ significantly from the use of NPK fertilizer, probably due to the S deficiency detected in a mineral analysis of the tissues. Commercial organic fertilizer had a very elevated B level, leading to toxicity symptoms, reduced growth and necrotized tips of the older leaves in all fertilized treatments.

17024 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

13.

Response of Epidendrum Ibaguense (orchidaceae) to the application of lime rates to the pot
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Rodrigues, Donizetti Tomaz

; Novais, Roberto Ferreira

; Alvarez V, Víctor Hugo

; Dias, José Maria Moreira

; Villani, Ecila Mercês de Albuquerque

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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jun 2010, Volume 34 N. 3 Pages 793 - 800

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Nos melhores cultivos de orquídeas é comum o uso de calcário, de modo particular daquelas do gênero Phalaenopsis. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de doses de calcário (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,0 g dm-3 de substrato) aplicadas sobre o substrato de cultivo (xaxim) no crescimento de mudas de Epidendrum ibaguense. Foram utilizados vasos plásticos de 1 L preenchidos com 0,8 dm³ de xaxim em casa de vegetação, com irrigação controlada, de forma que não ocorressem perdas por lixiviação de nutrientes durante a condução do experimento. Foram determinados os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, B e Mn em raízes, caules e folhas. Foi coletado um lixiviado a partir da aplicação de um volume de água suficiente para a coleta de 25 mL de cada vaso. Aos 14 dias após aplicação das doses de calcário, o pH do lixiviado coletado atingiu valores superiores a 7, a partir da dose de 3 g dm-3, e apresentou valor de 6,29 para a maior dose de calcário no final do experimento. Não houve influência das doses de calcário na altura das plantas, provavelmente devido à deficiência de Zn em valores de pH elevados e à deficiência de Ca na testemunha. Todavia, houve grande incremento na produção de folhas, tanto para número quanto para massa de matéria seca. Não houve diferença estatística para produção de matéria seca de raízes entre os tratamentos. A produção de matéria seca de folhas foi máxima com a aplicação de 4,09 g dm-3 do calcário. Os teores de Zn diminuíram linearmente com o aumento da dose de calcário; todos os tratamentos apresentaram teores abaixo daqueles considerados adequados pela literatura (25-200 mg kg-1). Os teores dos nutrientes analisados demonstraram deficiências foliares de N, S e B para as maiores doses de calcário (4 e 5 g dm-3) e de Ca no tratamento que não recebeu calcário.

In the best cultivation methods of orchids, in particular of the genus Phalaenopsis, liming is a common practice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of lime rates (0.0; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; and 5.0 g dm-3 of substrate) applied to the cultivation substrate (xaxim) on the growth of Epidendrum ibaguense seedlings. In a greenhouse, 1-L plastic pots filled with 0.8 dm³ of xaxim were irrigated such that no leachate was lost during the experiment. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, B, and Mn contents in roots, stems and leaves were measured. Leachate was collected by applying a sufficient water volume to obtain 25 mL from each pot. Fourteen days after lime application of 3 g dm-3, the pH of the collected leachate reached values above 7 and a value of 6.29 with the highest lime rate at the end of the experiment. The lime rate did not influence plant height, probably due to a Zn deficiency at high pH levels and a Ca deficiency in the control. Nevertheless, there was a large increase in leaf production, for number as well as for dry matter mass. There was no statistical difference between treatments in root dry matter production. Maximum dry matter production was obtained at a lime rate of 4.09 g dm-3. Zinc concentrations diminished linearly with increasing lime rates; the concentrations in all treatments were below the levels suggested as adequate in the literature (25-200 mg kg-1). Nutrient concentrations in leaves indicated deficiency of N, S, and B at the highest lime rates (4.0 and 5.0 g dm-3), and of Ca in the treatment without liming.

3321 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

14.

Metabolic syndrome in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Latin America
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Alvarez, C

; Salazar, R

; Galindez, J

; Rangel, F

; CastaÃ±eda, ML

; Lopardo, G

; Cuhna, CA

; Roldan, Y

; Sussman, O

; Gutierrez, G

; Cure-Bolt, N

; Seas, C

; Carcamo, C

; Castrillo, M

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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jun 2010, Volume 14 N. 3 Pages 256 - 263

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of and the associated factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among Latin American HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using baseline data from the RAPID II study. METHODS: A longitudinal study to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated treatment practices to reduce this risk has been conducted in seven Latin American countries (the RAPID II study). Adult HIV patients with at least six months of RT were enrolled. MS was defined following ATP-III criteria. Demographic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical and clinical parameters were compared in patients with and without MS using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,010 patients were enrolled, 2,963 (74%) were males. Mean age (SD) was 41.9 (10.0) years. The prevalence of MS was 20.2%. Females had higher prevalence of MS than males (22.7% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.02). MS was driven by high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure (HBP). Patients with MS had higher 10year CVD risk: 22.2% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001. Age (OR: 1.05 per year), female gender (OR: 1.29), family history of CVD (OR: 1.28), CD4 cell count (OR: 1.09 per 100 cell increase), and protease inhibitor based-ART (OR: 1.33) correlated with MS in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of MS in this setting was similar to that reported from developed countries. MS was driven by high triglycerides, low-HDL and HBP, and it was associated with higher risk of CVD. Traditional risk factors, female gender, immune reconstitution, and protease inhibitor based-ART correlated with MS.

3524 downloads Cited 7 times in SciELO

15.

Mezcla génica y linajes uniparentales en Esquel (Pcia. de Chubut): Su comparación con otras muestras poblacionales argentinas
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Avena, Sergio A

; Parolin, M Laura

; Boquet, Mariel

; Dejean, Cristina B

; Postillone, M Bárbara

; Alvarez Trentini, Yisela

; Di Fabio Rocca, Francisco

; Mansilla, Florencia

; Jones, Laura

; Dugoujon, Jean Michel

; Carnese, Francisco Raúl

BAG. Journal of basic and applied genetics

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jun 2010, Volume 21 N. 1 Pages 01 - 14

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

In the present study the genetic compositon of Esquel, city located in the Argentinean Andean Patagonia, was estimated in a population sample. A total of 59 non-related blood donors from the Zonal Hospital were included. Five eritrocitary systems, GM allotypes, Amerindian, European and African mitochondrial haplogroups, and the M3 mutation in Y chromosome were analysed. A survey was done to obtain genealogical information about the donors. Genetic admixture was estimated employing the ADMIX program. Protein markers showed the presence of 46.9% for the indigenous component and 1.9% for the african component. Amerindians mitochondrial haplogroups represented a 79.6%, no Subsaharian lineage was present. 23% of males analysed exhibited the aboriginal variant M3. This difference in the sex-specifi c genetic contribution would reveal a gender asimetry in the population history. The data were compared to those obtained previously in the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Bahía Blanca and Comodoro Rivadavia and also with migrants to Buenos Aires coming from the north and the west from the country. Genetic admixture showed higher values for the Amerindian contribution in the Argentinian Northwest followed by Esquel, where the subsaharian component was the lowest found. When considering uniparental markers the higher percentages of autoctonal lineages were observed in Esquel and the north of the country, although the patagonic village presented the highest paternal native component considering all the samples analysed, probably due to the late incorporation of the Patagonian Region to the National State, keeping the autoctonal communities for a longer their authonomy.

En este trabajo se estimó la composición genética de una muestra poblacional de Esquel, situada en la Patagonia Andina Argentina. Se estudiaron 59 donantes de sangre no emparentados que concurrieron al Hospital Zonal. Fueron analizados 5 sistemas eritrocitarios, alotipos GM, haplogrupos mitocondriales europeos, amerindios y africanos, y la mutación M3 del cromosoma Y. Se realizó una encuesta para obtener información genealógica de los donantes. La mezcla génica se estimó mediante el Programa ADMIX. Los marcadores proteicos arrojaron 46.9% de componente indígena y 1.9% de africano. Se observó un 79.6% de linajes mitocondriales amerindios, no registrándose aporte subsahariano. Un 23% de los varones analizados poseen la variante aborigen M3. Esa diferencia en la contribución genética sexo-específi ca revelaría un aporte asimétrico por género en la historia de esta población. Se compararon estos datos con los obtenidos con anterioridad en el Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Bahía Blanca y Comodoro Rivadavia y también con migrantes a Buenos Aires provenientes del norte y oeste argentino. La mezcla génica mostró los mayores valores de aporte amerindio en el Noroeste Argentino seguido por Esquel, donde por otra parte se constató el más bajo aporte subsahariano. Con respecto a los marcadores uniparentales, en Esquel y en el norte del país se observaron altos porcentajes de linajes maternos autóctonos, pero la localidad patagónica se diferenció por presentar el más elevado aporte paterno nativo de todas las muestras analizadas, probablemente por la tardía incorporación de la Patagonia al Estado Nacional, conservando las comunidades autóctonas durante mayor tiempo su autonomía.

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