Resumo O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do hidrogel no plantio de mudas clonais de Eucalyptus urograndis em vasos, relacionados com diferentes manejos hídricos, buscando fornecer informações sobre a eficiência do uso do hidrogel. O experimento foi conduzido em viveiro florestal, esquema fatorial, em que o fator “A” se referiu à ausência e à presença de hidrogel e o fator “B” ao manejo hídrico (irrigação somente no plantio, 8 dias, 4 dias e diariamente). Foram realizadas avaliações da sintomatologia do estresse hídrico, características morfológicas, teores de clorofila, teor de água no solo, trocas gasosas, incremento em diâmetro e altura e biomassa seca. O hidrogel proporcionou um aumento no teor de água no solo e um atraso nos sintomas de estresse hídrico, aumentando a taxa de sobrevivência. O estresse hídrico foi um fator limitante para a abertura estomática, contribuindo para a queda na assimilação de carbono pela fotossíntese.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydrogel on the planting of clonal Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings in pots, related to different water management, to provide information about the hydrogel use efficiency. The experiment was carried out in a forest nursery in a factorial scheme, as factor “A” referred to the absence and presence of hydrogel and factor “B” to water management (0 - irrigation only at planting, 1 - daily, 4 - every 4 days, and 8 - every 8 days). Evaluations of the water stress symptomatology, morphological characteristics, chlorophyll content, soil water content, gas exchange, increase in diameter and height, and dry biomass were performed. The hydrogel provided an increase in water content in the soil and a delay in the symptoms of water stress, increasing the survival rate. Water stress was a limiting factor for stomatal opening, contributing to the decrease in carbon assimilation by photosynthesis.

ABSTRACT Cultivated soils, when submitted to agricultural practices, tend to compact due to the pressure exerted by agricultural machines and implements, a process that compromises soil quality and system sustainability. Specific properties of each soil, such as particle size and organic matter content, interfere with the process and degree of compaction and, consequently, plant growth. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different degrees of compaction (DC) on soil physical properties and black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) growth. For this purpose, four soils were collected: Latossolo Vermelho distrófico retrático (Ferralsol LVCN), Cambissolo Húmico alumínico típico (Cambisol CHLG), Nitossolo Bruno distrófico típico (Nitisol NBPA), and Nitossolo Bruno distrófico húmico (Nitisol NBSJ). They were submitted to five degrees of compaction (bulk densities corresponding to 80, 85, 90, 95, and 100 % DC), defined by their relation to the maximum density obtained by the Normal Proctor Test. For each DC, porosity, soil water retention curve, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity, and aeration capacity were determined. In a greenhouse, the oats were cultivated in the four soils with five different degrees of compaction. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, factorial scheme, and five replications. Crop measurements included the growth rate, shoot dry matter, and forage quality analysis. Soil compaction changed the physical properties of soils. In all tested soils, macroporosity and total porosity decreased, more intensely at LVCN. It had macroporosity below the critical level (0.10 m3 m-3) from DC 85. Hydraulic conductivity also decreased in all soils, which is evidence of significant environmental degradation from DC 90 onwards. Microporosity increased in the four soils due to compaction effect, and it is one of the reasons why permanent wilting point has increased. It resulted in a problem at NBSJ, mainly because it reduced the available water volume at DC 90, 95, and 100. Penetration resistance has also increased from DC 80 to 100 at all soils, exceeding the limit of 2 MPa in DC 80 for NBSJ, DC 85 for NBPA and LVCN, and DC 95 for CHLG, representing a risk to root development. Regarding black oat crop, there was a reduction in shoot dry matter only in Cambisol and in the higher DC, fiber content keeps within a satisfactory amount, without affecting forage quality in all soils and DC, thus showing that black oat is tolerant to compaction.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as aplicações superficial e injetada de dejeto líquido de suínos e ureia ao solo, quanto aos seus efeitos sobre as propriedades físicas de um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em um sistema de semeadura direta. Os tratamentos foram: dejeto injetado no sulco, com injetor de dejeto líquido de suínos (IDLS); dejeto em superfície, aplicado às linhas com o IDLS erguido; ureia injetada, por meio de abertura do sulco com o IDLS, e distribuída manualmente; e milho, em semeadura direta, como controle. A semeadura e a injeção de dejeto líquido ou de ureia não modificam o teor de carbono orgânico, o pH e a agregação, mas alteram a densidade e a porosidade do solo na linha mobilizada, e aumentam os macroporos.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the superficial and injected applications of swine slurry and urea to the soil, regarding their effects on the physical properties of a Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico under a no-tillage system. The treatments were: injected slurry into the groove with a liquid swine slurry injector (LSSI); slurry on surface, applied on the lines by the LSSI kept raised; urea injected by opening the groove with the LSSI and distributed manually; and corn, under no-tillage, as a control. Sowing and the injection of liquid slurry or urea do not modify the organic carbon content, pH, and aggregation, but alter the soil bulk density and porosity in the mobilized line, and increase the macropores.

Resumo As videiras podem ser cultivadas em diferentes solos e condições climáticas. Entretanto, o efeito destas variáveis na videira e na composição das uvas é complexo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito das classes de solo e as condições meteorológicas nas características produtivas e na composição da uva Cabernet Sauvignon. O experimento foi implantado no município de São Joaquim, no Planalto Sul Catarinense. A cultivar foi da variedade Cabernet Sauvignon, cultivada em três solos (Cambissolo Háplico, Cambissolo Húmico e Nitossolo Bruno) e analisada por duas safras (2015 e 2016). As condições meteorológicas avaliadas foram a precipitação pluviométrica, a insolação e as temperaturas média, máxima e mínima. Nos solos, foram determinados os atributos físicos e químicos, e na videira, as características produtivas, físico-químicas e compostos fenólicos das uvas. Tanto a classe de solo como as safras tiveram efeito significativo nas características produtivas, físico-químicas e nos compostos fenólicos da uva. O solo foi mais importante para as características produtivas e compostos fenólicos, enquanto as condições meteorológicas foram mais importantes para as características físico-químicas da uva. As características produtivas e a composição da uva foram mais adequadas à produção de vinho na safra de 2016 e nas classes Nitossolo Bruno e Cambissolo Háplico.

Abstract Grapevines can be grown in different soil classes and climatic conditions. However, the effect of these variables on grapevine and grape composition is complex. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil classes and climatic conditions on productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. The experiment was carried out in São Joaquim (SC), located on the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina. Cabernet Sauvignon variety was analyzed in three soils (Dystrudepts, Humudepts and Rhodudalfs) and two harvests (2015 and 2016). The climatic variables analyzed were rainfall, insolation and average, maximum and minimum temperatures. Soil physical-chemical attributes, productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of grapes were analyzed. Both soil class and harvests had significant effect on productive and physico-chemical characteristics and phenolic compounds of grapes. Soil was more important for productive characteristics and phenolic compounds, while meteorological conditions were more important for the physico-chemical characteristics of grapes. Productive characteristics and grape composition were more adequate to wine production in the 2016 harvest and in Rhodudalfs and Dystrudepts soil classes.

ABSTRACT: Soil water retention and availability are important properties for agricultural production, which can be measured directly or estimated by pedotransfer functions. Some studies on this topic were carried out in Santa Catarina, Brazil. To improve the estimates, it is necessary to evaluate other properties, to analyze more soil types, as well as to use other analysis techniques such as artificial neural networks and regression trees. Thus, the objective of the study was to estimate the field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and available water (AW) in soils of Santa Catarina (SC), through multiple linear regressions (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and regression trees (RT), more efficiently than the current pedotransfer functions. For this, samples of the horizons A and B of 70 profiles were collected to determine the texture, plasticity limit, FC, PWP, AW, specific surface (SS), organic carbon (OC) content, and microporosity. Pedotransfer functions were generated through MRL, ANN, and RT, considering as dependent variables the FC, PWP, and AW, and as independent variables the content of clay, silt, OC, plasticity limit, SS, and microporosity, through the test of four models, for surface and subsurface horizons. The RT estimated FC, PWP, and AW better than ANN and MRL. The best models to estimate water retention were those that used microporosity. When the database has few input variables, the model with clay, silt, and OC content is an alternative to estimate FC, PWP, and AW.

ABSTRACT Palustrine areas and wetlands in particular are fragile ecosystems, with high biodiversity and high ecological productivity, and they provide benefits to society. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the main soils occurring in the wetlands of the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, and propose criteria for identification of hydromorphic environments as an aid in demarcation of their boundaries. Soils of four wetlands, in the municipalities of Bom Jardim da Serra, Bom Retiro, Lages, and Painel were described, collected, and taxonomically classified. A transection was demarcated in each one in which soils were analyzed in sites with different degrees of hydromorphism, corresponding to the inner, transition, and outer areas. In hydromorphic areas, the content of organic matter in the soil is higher than in non-hydromorphic areas, which influences the color and classification of the soils. In these soils, Aquents, Aquepts, and Histosols predominate, and Udepts predominate in the outer area. The drainage class and the higher chroma in the subsurface horizons of the Udepts indicate that they are outside the boundaries of the wetlands. The dark color in the surface horizons, along with the greyish colors, associated or not with the presence of mottling in the subsurface horizons, were the most obvious characteristics of a hydromorphic condition, indicating that the soil is located in the transitional and inner areas of the wetlands.

RESUMO: O cultivo de Pinus sem uso de fertilização é uma prática comum no sul do Brasil e pode levar ao declínio da disponibilidade de fósforo (P) no solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as modificações nas frações de fósforo em Cambissolo submetido a sucessivos cultivos de Pinus taeda L. sem fertilização. Foram avaliadas duas florestas, com 16 anos de cultivo de Pinus (1o cultivo) e 49 anos (3o cultivo), onde amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60 e 60-80cm, em seis trincheiras por floresta. Nas amostras de solo foram determinados os teores de P em formas orgânicas (Po) e inorgânicas (Pi) usando esquema de fracionamento químico sequencial. As frações inorgânicas lábeis de P não sofreram alterações com os diferentes tempos de cultivo, no entanto houve declínio das frações orgânicas lábeis do primeiro para o terceiro cultivo, passando de 70,6 para 39,8mg dm-3 na camada de 0-10cm, indicando que essas formas atuam no tamponamento do Pi lábil. O P orgânico moderadamente lábil atuou como um dreno de P, aumentando seu percentual em relação ao total, de 34,7 para 56,3%, do primeiro para o terceiro cultivo. O cultivo do solo por 49 anos com Pinus taeda provoca a diminuição do teor de fósforo orgânico lábil, indicando que para este tipo de uso do solo essa forma de fósforo deveria ser considerada para diagnóstico da disponibilidade de fósforo e necessidade de fertilização.

ABSTRACT: Pinus cultivation without fertilization is a common practice in southern Brazil, which can induce a decline in the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in phosphorus fractions in a Humic Cambisol subjected to continuous Pinus taeda L. cultivation without fertilization. Two forest stands were evaluated, after 16 years of Pinus cultivation (1st crop) and 49 years (3rd crop), when soil samples were collected (layers 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, 40-60, and 60-80cm) from six trenches per forest. In soil samples, the P contained in organic (Po) and inorganic (Pi) forms was determined by sequential chemical fractionation. Labile inorganic P fractions remained unchanged after the different cultivation periods. However, the labile organic fractions declined from the first to the third cycle (from 70.6 to 39.8mg dm-3 in the 0-10cm layer), indicating that these forms influence the buffering capacity of labile Pi. The moderately labile organic P acted as a P drain, increasing its percentage of the total, from 34.7 to 56.3%, from the first to the third crop. Soil cultivation for 49 years with Pinus taeda resulted in a reduction of the organic P content, indicating that for this soil use, this P form should be used to diagnose P availability and fertilization requirements.

ABSTRACT Traffic of heavy machinery at harvest and log extraction causes structural degradation of the soil, but studies on the effects of forest harvesting on soils with high organic matter content and exchangeable Al are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanized forest harvesting operations on a Dystric Cambisol (Humic) with high organic matter (more 50 g kg1) content and exchangeable Al (more 6,0 cmolc kg-1), reforested with Pinus taeda L. The evaluated harvesting system were the whole-tree, in which the feller-buncher cuts and lays the trees down in bundles; the skidder drags the tree bundles up near a road; and the harvester delimbs and cuts the trees into short logs, stacking them on the roadside to be loaded onto trucks. The areas were evaluated for soil conditions at pre-harvest, prior to harvest, and at post-harvest, consisting of areas of low disturbance, high disturbance, forest residues and log yards. The effects of compaction after forest harvesting are observed by the decrease in total porosity (especially biopores and macropores), soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and stability of aggregates. After forest harvesting, soil compaction was observed in all evaluated situations, but with different depths depending on operation type and the intensity of traffic carried in each area.

ABSTRACT Nutrient content in soil solution may vary in response to the applied amount of pig slurry (PS). Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrient content in soil solution and its relationship to nutritional status and yield of corn under 12 years of annual fertilization with increasing doses of PS, soluble mineral fertilizer (MF) and PS combined with MF. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in a Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico (Typic Hapludox). The treatments consisted of pig slurry at annual rates of 50 and 100 m3 ha-1 (PS50 and PS100), soluble mineral fertilizer (MF), and pig slurry at a rate of 25 m3 ha-1 complemented with mineral fertilizer (PS25 + MF), distributed in a randomized block design. Soil solution was sampled at two depths, 0.40 and 0.80 m, on six dates after the fertilizer applications. The nitrate (NO−3-N) and K levels in the soil solution were measured 40, 108 and 135 days after the last application of fertilizer (DAAF), being subsequently correlated with corn yield. PS50 provide contents of NO−3-N, P and K to the soil solution similar to those supplied by MF or PS25+MF. The critical limit of 10 mg L-1 NO−3-N in the soil solution was exceeded on 108, 135 and 230 DAAF, at rates of 100 and 50 m3 ha1 of PS and on 230 DAAF when using MF.

ABSTRACT Changes in soil physical properties due to different management systems occur slowly, and long-term studies are needed to assess soil quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of soil management systems and liming methods on the physical properties of a Latossolo Bruno Alumínico típico (Hapludox). A long-term experiment that began in 1978 with conventional and no-tillage systems was assessed. In addition, different liming methods (no lime, incorporated lime, and lime on the soil surface) have been applied since 1987 and were also evaluated in this study. Moreover, an area of native forest was evaluated and considered a reference for the natural condition of the soil. Soil physical properties were evaluated in layers to a depth of 1.00 m. Compared to native forest, the conventional tillage and no-tillage systems had higher soil bulk density, penetration resistance, and microporosity, and lower aggregate stability and macroporosity. Compared to the conventional tillage system, long-term no-tillage improved the structure of the Hapludox, as evidenced by increased microporosity and aggregate stability, especially in the soil surface layer. In no-tillage with lime applications sporadically incorporated, soil physical properties did not differ from no-tillage without lime and with lime applied on the soil surface, indicating that this practice maintains the physical quality of soil under no-tillage. Liming in a conventional tillage system improved soil aggregation and reduces penetration resistance in the soil layers near the soil surface. No-tillage was the main practice related to improvement of soil physical quality, and liming methods did not influence soil physical properties in this soil management system.

O uso de dejeto suíno (DS) como fertilizante pode interferir na qualidade do solo e aumentar os estoques de carbono orgânico total do solo (COT). Entretanto, os efeitos do DS na quantidade e formas de COT acumulados no solo não são totalmente conhecidos, em especial em áreas em sistema plantio direto (SPD). O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os teores e estoques de COT e de C nas frações particulada (COP) e associada aos minerais (CAM) em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com a sucessão milho e aveia-preta, sob SPD após nove anos com aplicações anuais de DS, de adubo solúvel e fertilização combinada (DS + adubo solúvel). O experimento foi iniciado em 2001, no município de Campos Novos, SC, e compreendeu os seguintes tratamentos: DS nas doses zero (sem adubação), 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 ano-1; adubação com adubo solúvel (AS); e adubação mista (25 m3 ha-1ano-1 de DS + AS). O teor de COT foi determinado em seis camadas de solo até a profundidade de 40 cm, enquanto os teores de COP e CAM foram determinados em quatro camadas até a profundidade de 20 cm. O teor e estoque de COT no solo aumentaram em razão da dose de DS aplicada nas camadas até 10 cm de profundidade, com doses a partir de 50 m3 ha-1ano-1. Os teores e estoques de COP e CAM foram maiores nas camadas superficiais, com expressiva predominância da segunda fração, porém com maior amplitude relativa nos teores da primeira fração.

The use of pig slurry (PS) as fertilizer can affect the soil quality and increase total stocks of soil organic carbon (TOC). However, the effects of PS on TOC amount and forms in the soil are not fully understood, particularly in areas under no-tillage (NT). The purpose of this study was to determine TOC contents and stocks in the particulate (POC) and mineral-associated C fractions (MAC) of an Oxisol after nine years of maize-oat rotation under NT, with annual applications of PS, soluble fertilizer and combined fertilization (pig slurry + soluble fertilizer). The experiment was initiated in 2001 in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina, with the following treatments: PS at rates of 0 (without fertilization - PS0); 25 (PS25); 50 (PS50); 100 (PS100); and 200 m3 ha-1yr-1 (PS200); fertilization with soluble fertilizer (SF); and mixed fertilization (PS + SF). The TOC content was determined in samples of six soil layers to a depth of 40 cm, and the POC and MAC contents in four layers to a depth of 20 cm. From the rate of 50 m3 ha-1yr-1 and upwards, the soil TOC content and stock increased according to the PS rates in the layers to a depth of 10 cm. The POC and MAC contents and stocks were higher in the surface layers, with a clear predominance of the second fraction, but a greater relative amplitude in the contents of the first fraction.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo, a composição mineral e a qualidade de frutos, em pomares de maçãs 'Royal Gala' conduzidos sob os sistemas de produção convencional (CON) e orgânico (ORG), em um Nitossolo Háplico. Na linha de cultivo das plantas, o solo no ORG apresentou melhor qualidade física (maiores valores de estabilidade dos agregados, condutividade hidráulica saturada e porosidade total, e menor densidade), química [menor acidez e maiores valores de Ca e Mg trocáveis, carbono orgânico total (COT) e nitrogênio total (NT)] e biológica [maiores valores de carbono da biomassa microbiana (Cmic) e relação Cmic/COT], na camada de 0-20 cm, quando comparado ao CON. Como no ORG não foram utilizados produtos químicos sintéticos para a superação de dormência, a colheita comercial dos frutos ocorreu um mês após o CON. Apesar desta diferença na época de colheita, frutos cultivados sob o sistema ORG apresentam na colheita menor índice de iodo-amido e maiores valores de firmeza de polpa e teor de sólidos solúveis, quando comparados aos valores obtidos em frutos cultivados sob o sistema CON. Frutos do ORG possuem maior percentagem de coloração vermelha da casca, porém elevada severidade de "russeting", em relação aos do sistema CON. Durante o armazenamento refrigerado convencional (quatro meses a 0 ± 0,5 ºC/90-95% UR), frutos cultivados sob o sistema ORG apresentam elevada perda de firmeza de polpa, o que pode estar associado aos altos teores K e Mg na polpa e de N na casca, em relação aos cultivados sob o sistema CON. Portanto, mesmo no sistema ORG, o suprimento destes elementos pode ser demasiadamente elevado, comprometendo a preservação da qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos.

The present study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil, and the mineral composition and quality of the fruit, in orchards of 'Royal Gala' apple, under conventional (CON) and organic (ORG) production systems, in a Haplic Nitisol. Under ORG, the soil in the cultivation furrow showed better physical quality (higher values for aggregate stability, saturated hydraulic conductivity and porosity, and lower density), chemical quality [lower acidity and higher values of exchangeable Ca and Mg, total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN)] and biological quality [higher values for microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and ratio of Cmic to TOC], in the 0-20 cm layer compared to CON. Because under the ORG system synthetic chemicals for breaking dormancy were not used, commercial fruit harvesting took place one month after that of the CON system. Despite this difference in the time of harvest, fruit grown under the ORG system have, when harvested, a lower starch-iodine index and higher values for firmness and soluble solid content, when compared to values obtained in fruits grown under the CON system. Fruit under ORG has a higher percentage of red skin coloration, but more severe russeting, in relation to that under CON. During conventional cold storage (four months at 0 ± 0.5 ºC / 90-95% RH), fruit grown under the ORG system show a high loss in pulp firmness, which may be associated with the high levels of K and Mg in the pulp and of N in the skin, compared to fruit grown under the CON system. Therefore, even under the ORG system, the supply of these elements may be too high, compromising the preservation of the postharvest quality of the fruit.

A compactação do solo é um dos principais fatores que altera a qualidade do solo e o crescimento das culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o grau de compactação que restringe o crescimento da cultura da soja num Latossolo Bruno alumínico típico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação. O solo utilizado foi coletado no município de Guarapuava, PR, na camada de 0-20 cm. Esse possuía 570 g kg-1 de argila, 370 g kg-1 de silte e 60 g kg-1 de areia. Foi compactado para obtenção das densidades do solo de 0,90; 0,96; 1,02; 1,08; 1,14; 1,20; e 1,27 kg dm-3, correspondendo a graus de compactação entre 75 e 105 %, que foram determinados pela relação entre a densidade do solo atual e a densidade do solo máxima, obtida pelo ensaio de Proctor Normal. Durante o período de cultivo da soja avaliaram-se o crescimento radicular e a parte aérea, além da evapotranspiração diária. Aos 60 dias após a emergência, determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Qualquer aumento no grau de compactação acima de 75 % reduz o crescimento das raízes na camada compactada; entretanto, as raízes não crescem quando o grau de compactação é igual ou superior a 105 %. Quando o grau de compactação é superior a 82 %, a altura das plantas diminui e quando é superior a 87 e 93 % reduz respectivamente a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e a evapotranspiração. Assim, o grau de compactação restritivo à cultura da soja depende do atributo que está sendo avaliado.

Soil compaction is a major factor affecting soil quality and crop growth. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of compaction that restricts soybean growth in a Latossolo Bruno alumínico típico (Oxisol). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, and the soil used was collected in Guarapuava, PR, Brazil, from the 0-20 cm layer. The soil consisted of 570 g kg-1 of clay, 370 g kg-1 of silt, and 60 g kg-1 of sand. The soil was artificially compacted to obtain bulk densities of 0.90, 0.96, 1.02, 1.08, 1.14, 1.20, and 1.27 kg dm-3, corresponding to degrees of compaction between 75 and 105 %, which was determined from the ratio between the current bulk density and maximum bulk density obtained from the Normal Proctor test. Root and shoot growth were determined during soybean cropping, as well as daily evapotranspiration. The dry matter of roots and shoots was determined at 60 days after emergence. Any increase in the degree of compaction above 75 % reduces root growth in the compacted layer, and roots do not grow when the degree of compaction is 105 % or more. Plant height decreases when the degree of compaction is greater than 82 %, and shoot dry matter and evapotranspiration reduce when the degree of compaction is over 87 and 93 %, respectively. Thus, the degree of compaction restrictive to the soybean crop depends on plant characteristic being measured.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar taxas de acúmulo de C orgânico em Latossolo Vermelho adubado com adubo solúvel e dejeto líquido de suíno e cultivado em plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido em Campos Novos, SC, e os seguintes tratamentos foram aplicados anualmente: sem adubação; adubo solúvel; 25 m3 ha-1 de dejeto líquido + adubo solúvel; e doses de 25, 50, 100 e 200 m3 ha-1 de dejeto líquido. Foram determinados: os estoques de C orgânico (CO) na camada de 0-20 cm do solo; a adição de C pela fitomassa dos cultivos e pelo dejeto líquido de suíno; as taxas anuais de fixação de C; e os coeficientes de humificação (k1) e de mineralização (k2) de CO do solo. As taxas de fixação de C real e aparente aumentaram de acordo com as doses de dejeto, tendo variado de 0,6 a 1,7 e de 0,05 a 1,0 Mg ha-1 por ano, respectivamente. Os coeficientes k1 e k2 foram 0,17 e 0,011, respectivamente, enquanto o aporte de C requerido para manter o estoque inicial de CO do solo é de 4,14 Mg ha-1 por ano. O dejeto líquido de suíno aplicado anualmente em Latossolo Vermelho cultivado com a sucessão milho-aveia-preta em plantio direto aumenta o CO do solo em doses de até 200 m3 ha-1.

The objective of this work was to estimate organic C storage rates in an Typic Hapludox fertilized with soluble fertilizer and pig slurry and cropped under no-tillage. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Campos Novos, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and the following treatments were applied annually: no fertilization; soluble fertilizer; 25 m3 ha-1 pig slurry + soluble fertilizer; and rates of 25, 50, 100, and 200 m3 ha-1 pig slurry. The following were determined: organic carbon (OC) stocks in the 0-20 cm soil layer; C inputs by crop biomass and pig slurry; annual C fixation rates; and the soil OC humification (k1) and mineralization (k2) coefficients. The real and apparent C fixation rates increased according to pig slurry rates, ranging from 0.6 to 1.7 and from 0.05 to 1.0 Mg ha-1 per year, respectively. The k1 and k2 coefficients were 0.17 and 0.011, respectively, whereas the C input required to maintain the initial stock of OC is of 4.14 Mg ha-1 per year. Pig slurry applied annually on a Typic Hapludox cropped with the maize-black oat succession under no-tillage increases soil OC in rates of up to 200 m3 ha-1.

O processo de reciclagem de papel gera grande quantidade de resíduo e a sua aplicação no solo pode ser uma das estratégias de disposição desse produto, sendo necessário estudar os seus efeitos no solo e nas culturas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de resíduo de reciclagem de papel sobre atributos químicos de um Cambissolo Háplico muito ácido e na produtividade de grãos de soja e feijão. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos completos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha, sem calcário ou resíduo; resíduo da reciclagem de papel nas doses de 50, 100, 150, 250, 400 e 600 Mg ha-1, em base úmida; e calcário dolomítico para elevar o pH do solo em água para 6,0. O resíduo corrigiu a acidez do solo, bem como aumentou os teores de cálcio e fósforo. As doses de resíduo não interferiram nos teores de metais pesados no solo e nos grãos. As máximas produtividades de soja e feijão são obtidas nas doses de 323 e 372 Mg ha-1 de resíduo úmido, respectivamente.

The paper recycling process produces a large amount of waste and applying it on the soil may be one important strategy for use of this product. However, it is necessary to study the effects of application of this waste product on soil properties and crop performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paper recycling waste on the chemical properties of an acidic Inceptisol and on the yield of soybean and common bean. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replications. The following treatments were evaluated: paper recycling waste at the rates of 50, 100, 150, 250, 400 and 600 Mg ha-1 of wet mass; dolomitic limestone to raise soil pH in water to 6.0; and a control, without waste or limestone application. The recycling waste increased soil pH and Ca and P levels. The application rates of recycling waste did not affect the levels of heavy metals in the soil and in the grains, even at the higher rates. The greatest yields of soybean and common bean were obtained at the rates of 323 and 372 Mg ha-1 of waste wet mass, respectively.