The growth pattern of children is affected by anthropometric dimensions. This study was aimed to investigate anthropometric factors related to growth of preschool children of a sample population in Iran. This study was performed in year 2011 on 1320 of 47 years old preschool children in Arak. To classify, body mass index (BMI), height and weight were recorded. The four contact points (head, back, buttocks, and heels) were maintained against the spine of the stadiometer during measurement. The head was positioned in the Frankfurt plane, and the sliding bar was lowered the crown of the head. Height was measured and recorded by the researchers. A pair of manual calibrated Seca scales was used to measure body mass in kilograms. The participants were least dressed in the uniform. We have classified BMI to four groups as group1, BMI with 10.7515 and group 2, 3, 4 with 15.117 and 17.120, 20.122.5, respectively. Foot length was recorded as the distance from the posterior aspect of the heel to the most distal aspect of the longest toe. Foot length was measured with subjects standing upright using a foot board, a plastic device with calibrated lineation (in centimeters and millimeters). Analysis showed that sex neither affect on BMI nor foot measurements. The present findings contribute to the understanding of the effect of body mass on the structural development of the pediatric foot and musculoskeletal system. Excessive body mass seems to lead to increased foot length and width.

El patrón de crecimiento de los niños se ve afectado por las dimensiones antropométricas. El objetivo fue investigar los factores antropométricos relacionados con el crecimiento de los niños en edad preescolar de una muestra poblacional de Irán. Este estudio se realizó en el año 2011 en 1320 niños, de 4-7 años, de edad preescolar de Arak. Para clasificar el índice de masa corporal (IMC), se registraron la altura y el peso. Los cuatro puntos de contacto (cabeza, espalda, glúteos y talones) se mantuvieron contra la columna del estadiómetro durante la medición. La cabeza fue colocada en el plano de Frankfurt, y la barra de deslizamiento se redujo al nivel de la corona de la cabeza. Los investigadores midieron y registraron la altura. Se utilizaronn par de escalas manuales Seca calibradas para medir la masa corporal en kilogramos. Los participantes fueron vestidos con el uniforme escolar. Se clasificó el IMC en cuatro grupos: grupo 1 entre 10,7515, grupo 2 entre 15,117, grupo 3 entre 17,120 y grupo 4 entre 20,122,5. La longitud del pie se definió como la distancia existente desde la cara posterior del talón hasta la porción más distal del dedo más largo. La longitud de pie se midió con los sujetos en posición de pie utilizando una tabla de pie, dispositivo de plástico con la alineación calibrada (en centímetros y milímetros). El análisis mostró que el sexo no influye en el índice de masa corporal ni las medidas del pie. Los presentes hallazgos contribuyen a la comprensión de los efectos de la masa corporal en el desarrollo estructural del pie y el sistema músculo-esquelético pediátrico. La masa corporal excesiva parece conducir a un aumento de la longitud y ancho del pie.

Como uma das indústrias mais geradoras de riqueza no mundo, o turismo tem sido o centro das atenções de muitos governos em todo o mundo. Dependendo da finalidade do turismo, ele foi classificado em diferentes tipos, um dos quais é o ecoturismo. O ecoturismo é responsável atualmente por uma pequena parcela das receitas; no entanto, tem uma alta taxa de crescimento. O presente estudo de caso visa ao zoneamento de áreas adequadas em Ilam, uma província no oeste do Irã, para fins de desenvolvimento do ecoturismo. Assim, foram elaborados inicialmente os mapas digitais de elevação, declividade, cobertura vegetal, uso do solo, nascentes de água mineral e de recursos hídricos. Depois, as áreas adequadas e inadequadas foram separadas por funções booleanas. A sobreposição das camadas através de um GIS permitiu identificar as áreas mais adequadas. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que as principais atrações estão localizadas, principalmente, nas província do norte e central, em direção sudeste, regiões em que a condição climática é favorável, e são ricas em recursos naturais de cobertura do solo e de água. Além disso, as regiões sul e oeste foram avaliados como pobres em termos de atrações eco-turísticas.

As one of the most wealth-generating industries in the world, tourism has been the center of attention by many governments worldwide. Depending on the purpose of tourism, it has been classified into different types, one of which is ecotourism. Given that ecotourism currently accounts for a small part of the whole, however, it has a rapid growth rate. The present study aims at zoning suitable areas in Ilam, a province in western Iran, for ecotourism development purposes. Accordingly, the digital maps of elevation, slope, land cover/land use, mineral springs, and water resources were prepared, at first. Afterwards, the suitable and unsuitable areas were segregated by Boolean functions. Overlaying the map layers by GIS software, the suitable areas were identified. The obtained results revealed that the top attractions are mainly distributed from the northern and central province to the southeastern parts where climatic condition is favorable, and rich in natural land cover and water resources. Moreover, the southern and western parts were evaluated poor in term of eco-tourist attractions.

In this paper, a new numerical technique, the differential quadrature method (DQM) has been developed for dynamic analysis of the nanobeams in the polar coordinate system. DQ approximation of the required partial derivatives is given by a weighted linear sum of the function values at all grid points. A semicircular arch with small-scale effects is investigated by the nonlocal continuum theory with simply supported boundary conditions. The governing equations for Euler-Bernoulli nonlocal beam models are derived. The expressions of the bending displacement are presented analytically. The convergence properties and the accuracy of the DQM for bending of curved nanobeams are investigated through a number of numerical computations. It can be observed that use of DQM, which is independent of domain discretization to be efficient.