Abstract: The adolescent interacts in a real and virtual world with risks and benefits. This study aims to analyze variables that discriminate high and low cyberbullying in adolescents. Self-concept scales (individual) were applied, open and offensive communication towards mother and father (family), affiliation and help of the teacher (school), positive attitude towards authority and positive attitude of transgression of norms (social). The sample is representative of the region with 95% reliability and .50 of population variance, formed by 1,681 mexican adolescents, men and women from 12 to 17 years old (M = 13.65, SD = 1.14), students belonging to the public and private institutions. A cluster and discriminant analysis was performed.The results reveal that adolescents with high cyberbullying manifest offensive communication from mother and father, with attitude towards the transgression of norms, while low cyberbullying adolescents have open communication with the mother, positive attitude toward authority, school affiliation, teacher's help, family self-concept, academic self-concept and social self-concept.

Resumen: El adolescente interactúa en un mundo real y virtual con riesgos y beneficios. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar variables que discriminan el alto y bajo ciberacoso en adolescentes. Se aplicaron las escalas autoconcepto (individual), comunicación abierta y ofensiva hacia madre y padre (familiar), afiliación y ayuda del profesor (escolar), actitud positiva hacia la autoridad y actitud positiva hacia la transgresión de normas (social). La muestra es representativa de la región con 95% de confiabilidad y .50 de varianza poblacional, formada por 1,681 adolescentes mexicanos hombres y mujeres de 12 a 17 años (M = 13,65; DT = 1,14), estudiantes pertenecientes a instituciones públicas y privadas. Se realizó un análisis clúster y discriminante. Los resultados revelan que adolescentes con alto ciberacoso manifiestan comunicación ofensiva de la madre y el padre, con actitud hacia la trasgresión de normas, mientras que adolescentes de bajo ciberacoso poseen comunicación abierta con la madre, actitud positiva hacia la autoridad, afiliación escolar, ayuda del profesor, autoconcepto familiar, académico y social.

ABSTRACT Background: Sexual health among adolescents is crucial for their wellbeing and for global health, as reflected in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study is learn more about the state of sexual health of adolescents in Spain and Asturias, and how it has evolved over time. Methods: Secondary data on sexual behavior, voluntary interruption of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and gender violence from 2011 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. Percentages and averages were used for sexual behavior and rates for the rest of the variables. The difference in the evolution was calculated using the differences-in-differences method and with the percentage increase or decrease for the rates. Results: In the period studied there was an increase in penetrative sex among adolescents (4% in Asturias and 2% in Spain), a decrease in condom use (-5% in Asturias and -10% in Spain) and an increase in the use of the contraceptive pill (12 percentage points in Asturias and 7 in Spain). In relation to the rates, sexually transmitted infections decreased in Asturias (-4%, -18% y -33%, respectively) and gonorrhea increased in Spain (+74%). Rates of abortion (-25% in Asturias, -34% in Spain) and female victims of gender violence (-9% in Asturias, -14% in Spain) decreased in both territories. Conclusions: Rates of sexually transmitted infections and abortion show great vulnerability in adolescence. It is urgent that we defend sexual rights with comprehensive, effective and universal interventions, such as compulsory sex education in schools and health care for sexual health.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: La salud sexual en la adolescencia es clave para la salud global, tal y como recogen los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el estado de la salud sexual de la población adolescente asturiana y española, así como su evolución temporal. Sujeto y métodos: Se recogieron datos secundarios sobre conducta sexual, interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE), infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y violencia de género desde 2011 hasta 2016. Se usaron porcentajes y medias para la conducta sexual y tasas para el resto. Se calculó la diferencia en la evolución mediante el método diferencias-en-diferencias y mediante el incremento o descenso porcentual para las tasas. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado, hubo un aumento de las relaciones sexuales coitales en la adolescencia (del 4% en Asturias y del 2% en España), un descenso del uso del preservativo (-5% en Asturias y -10% en España) y un aumento del uso de la píldora anticonceptiva (+12 puntos porcentuales en Asturias y +7 en España). En Asturias, las tasas de infección por el VIH, gonorrea y sífilis descendieron desde 2014 (-4%, -18% y -33%, respectivamente), mientras que en España la gonorrea aumentó (+74%). Las tasas de aborto (-25% en Asturias y -34% en España) y de mujeres víctimas de violencia de género (-9% en Asturias y -14% en España) descendieron en ambos territorios. Conclusiones: El aumento de prácticas sexuales con penetración y el descenso del uso del preservativo coloca a los adolescentes en una situación de gran vulnerabilidad frente a las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Es urgente garantizar los derechos sexuales, con intervenciones integrales, efectivas y universales, tales como la educación sexual obligatoria en las escuelas y la atención sanitaria de la salud sexual.

ABSTRACT Background: Sexual health among adolescents is crucial for their wellbeing and for global health, as reflected in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study is learn more about the state of sexual health of adolescents in Spain and Asturias, and how it has evolved over time. Methods: Secondary data on sexual behavior, voluntary interruption of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections and gender violence from 2011 to 2016 were collected and analyzed. Percentages and averages were used for sexual behavior and rates for the rest of the variables. The difference in the evolution was calculated using the differences-in-differences method and with the percentage increase or decrease for the rates. Results: In the period studied there was an increase in penetrative sex among adolescents (4% in Asturias and 2% in Spain), a decrease in condom use (-5% in Asturias and -10% in Spain) and an increase in the use of the contraceptive pill (12 percentage points in Asturias and 7 in Spain). In relation to the rates, sexually transmitted infections decreased in Asturias (-4%, -18% y -33%, respectively) and gonorrhea increased in Spain (+74%). Rates of abortion (-25% in Asturias, -34% in Spain) and female victims of gender violence (-9% in Asturias, -14% in Spain) decreased in both territories. Conclusions: Rates of sexually transmitted infections and abortion show great vulnerability in adolescence. It is urgent that we defend sexual rights with comprehensive, effective and universal interventions, such as compulsory sex education in schools and health care for sexual health.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: La salud sexual en la adolescencia es clave para la salud global, tal y como recogen los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el estado de la salud sexual de la población adolescente asturiana y española, así como su evolución temporal. Sujeto y métodos: Se recogieron datos secundarios sobre conducta sexual, interrupción voluntaria del embarazo (IVE), infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y violencia de género desde 2011 hasta 2016. Se usaron porcentajes y medias para la conducta sexual y tasas para el resto. Se calculó la diferencia en la evolución mediante el método diferencias-en-diferencias y mediante el incremento o descenso porcentual para las tasas. Resultados: En el periodo estudiado, hubo un aumento de las relaciones sexuales coitales en la adolescencia (del 4% en Asturias y del 2% en España), un descenso del uso del preservativo (-5% en Asturias y -10% en España) y un aumento del uso de la píldora anticonceptiva (+12 puntos porcentuales en Asturias y +7 en España). En Asturias, las tasas de infección por el VIH, gonorrea y sífilis descendieron desde 2014 (-4%, -18% y -33%, respectivamente), mientras que en España la gonorrea aumentó (+74%). Las tasas de aborto (-25% en Asturias y -34% en España) y de mujeres víctimas de violencia de género (-9% en Asturias y -14% en España) descendieron en ambos territorios. Conclusiones: El aumento de prácticas sexuales con penetración y el descenso del uso del preservativo coloca a los adolescentes en una situación de gran vulnerabilidad frente a las infecciones de transmisión sexual. Es urgente garantizar los derechos sexuales, con intervenciones integrales, efectivas y universales, tales como la educación sexual obligatoria en las escuelas y la atención sanitaria de la salud sexual.

Abstract Faced with the growing instability resulting from the world economic crisis, job insecurity gains relevance in the study of occupational health. In order to analyse the consequences of job insecurity on mental health, a reference document is provided including the empirical research advances in the current framework. This systematic review follows a meta-analytical technique through 56 independent samples with 53,405 participants in total. The analysis offers a significant correlation between subjective job insecurity and mental health. Thus, it has been found that job insecurity is related to the risk or presence of depression, anxiety and emotional exhaustion, as well as to general low satisfaction with life, international comparisons are made, and negative results among workers regardless of the economic situation of the countries are highlighted, too. Moreover, methodological and conceptual contributions have been made in terms of the quality of the metrics applied. Job insecurity appears as a major problem for workers’ mental health, generating devastating effects on all kind of professional profiles and economic contexts.

Resumen Ante la creciente inestabilidad generada por la crisis económica mundial, la incertidumbre laboral vuelve a tomar relevancia en el estudio de la salud en el trabajo. Con el objetivo de analizar las consecuencias de la incertidumbre laboral en la salud mental, se aporta un documento referencial que recoge los avances realizados en la investigación empírica en el contexto actual. Esta revisión sistemática se realiza mediante la técnica meta-analítica a través de 56 muestras independientes con 53,405 participantes en total. El análisis ofrece una correlación significativa entre la incertidumbre laboral subjetiva y la salud mental. Así, se ha encontrado que la incertidumbre laboral guarda relación con el riesgo o presencia de depresión, ansiedad y cansancio emocional, así como con una baja satisfacción general con la vida. Así mismo, se realizan comparaciones internacionales, con resultados igualmente negativos en los trabajadores con independencia de la situación económica de los estados, y también se incorporaron aportaciones metodológicas y conceptuales sobre la calidad de las pruebas de medida utilizadas. De este modo, la incertidumbre laboral queda constatada como una problemática de primer orden para la salud mental de los trabajadores, generando efectos devastadores en todo tipo de perfiles profesionales y contextos económicos

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar se os significados atribuídos ao trabalho de docentes de um curso da educação profissional tecnológica (EPT) brasileira - Gestão de Recursos Humanos (GRH) - são preditores da intenção de perma- nência/saída do emprego. Originalidade/valor: A recente expansão da EPT no Brasil não foi acom- panhada pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas relacionadas a diferentes aspectos do trabalho dos docentes que atuam na EPT. Além disso, esta expansão ocorre em um contexto de desvalorização histórica e cultural do professor da EPT incrementando a necessidade de realização de pes- quisas sobre seu trabalho. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Desenvolvemos uma pesquisa multi- metodológica em duas etapas: 1. Aplicação de entrevistas semiestrutu- radas; 2. Aplicação de questionários estruturados. Resultados: Os resultados da primeira etapa forneceram base empírica para a construção de hipóteses a respeito da predominância da intenção de saída e da relação de predição dos componentes do significado do trabalho para a intenção de saída. Os resultados da segunda etapa con- firmaram que há mais docentes de GRH para quem a intenção de saída prevalece. Além disso, os resultados também indicaram que a valoriza- ção da dignidade-humanização e da ocupação e da expressão de uma realidade de desumanização e esgotamento são preditores da probabili- dade da intenção de saída. Concluímos que, apesar da expansão das pos- sibilidades de trabalho para docentes na EPT, esta não representa em uma alternativa de qualidade, sendo então considerada como plano tem- porário para os docentes de GRH.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Assessing whether the meanings attributed to the work by teachers from a course of professional technological education (PTE), Human Resource Management (HRM) were predictors of the intention to remain in or to leave employment. Originality/value: There is a gap in the literature about the research of the relationship between working meanings and the turnover intention. Also, the recent expansion of PTE in Brazil was not accompanied by the development of research related to different aspects of the work of the teachers who work in PTE, considering that they act in a context of the historical and cultural devaluation of HRM teachers Design/methodology/approach: We developed a multi-methodological study in two stages: 1. Application of semi-structured interviews; 2. Application of structured questionnaires. Findings: The results of the first stage provided an empirical basis for constructing hypotheses concerning the prevalence of leaving intention and the prediction of this phenomenon by the components of work meaning. The results of the second stage confirmed that the leaving intention was prevalent among most HRM teachers. Also, a valuation of the dignity-humanization, the occupation and a sense of the reality of dehumanization and exhaustion are predictors of the likelihood of the leaving intention. We concluded that, despite the increased job opportunities for teachers in PTE, it does not represent a quality alternative, as well as HRM teachers, considered it a temporary option of work.