RESUMEN Introducción: El Virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR), responsable de neumonía y causa de hospitalización en áreas críticas pediátricas, puede ocasionar muerte en lactantes. Reporte de caso: Se analizaron cinco casos de niños atendidos en el Hospital Regional Lambayeque en el período entre abril a junio del 2019, los cuales presentaron neumonía causada por VSR, confirmado por inmunofluorescencia directa, radiografía de tórax y con presencia de hallazgos clínicos asociados hepatomegalia y atelectasia. De los casos analizados: cuatro correspondieron al sexo masculino y uno al sexo femenino, con edades comprendidas de 2 a 7 meses, todos fueron pacientes hospitalizados que presentaron sibilancias, crepitantes y politiraje como signos prevalentes al ingreso, todos desarrollaron cuadro de neumonía severa y complicaciones, se registraron dos defunciones en menores de seis meses, con complicaciones de sepsis, síndrome distrés respiratorio agudo pediátrico (PARDS) y ventilación mecánica. Conclusión: los casos presentados reflejan cuadros clínicos característicos de la enfermedad, neumonía y atelectasia en lactantes, complicaciones como síndrome bronquial obstructivo (SOB), síndrome distrés respiratorio agudo pediátrico y hepatomegalia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The respiratory syncytial virus (VSR), responsible for pneumonia and cause of hospitalization in pediatric critical areas, can cause death in infants. Case report: Five cases of children treated at the Lambayeque Regional Hospital in the period between April and June 2019 were analyzed, which presented pneumonia caused by RSV, confirmed by direct immunofluorescence, chest X-ray and with the presence of clinical lesions associated with hepatomegaly. and atelectasis. Of the cases analyzed: four corresponded to the male sex and one to the female sex, with ages from 2 to 7 months, all were hospitalized patients who presented wheezing, crackles and polydraft as prevalent signs on admission, all developed severe pneumonia and complications. Two deaths were recorded in less than six months, with complications of sepsis, pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) and mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: the cases presented reflect characteristic clinical pictures of the disease, pneumonia and atelectasis in infants, complications such as obstructive bronchial syndrome (SOB), pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome and hepatomegaly.

Summary Objective: To describe the seroprevalence of and risk factors for brucellosis and leptospirosis in urban citizens with backyard breeding in the district of José Leonardo Ortiz, Chiclayo. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 90 citizens during the month of October and December of 2016. IgM and IgG specific antibodies for brucellosis and leptospirosis were determined using the indirect ELISA method. Factors associated with these diseases were gathered using a structural survey. Results: The seroprevalence of brucellosis and leptospirosis was 2.2% and 28.9%, respectively. The most common environmental features of the population were that 73.3% use latrines 83.3% had contact with stagnant water and 62.2% had contact with rodents. No association between the variables looked for and these two diseases were found. Conclusions: We found a high seroprevalence of leptospirosis but a low prevalence of brucellosis in this setting. We suggest performing longitudinal studies that may identify risk factors to prevent these diseases.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la seroprevalencia de brucelosis y leptospirosis y los factores asociados, en pobladores urbanos con crianza traspatio en el distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz de Chiclayo, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal y analítico realizado en 90 personas durante los meses de octubre a diciembre del 2016. Se determinaron anticuerpos IgM e IgG específicos para brucelosis y leptospirosis mediante la técnica de ELISA indirecto. Los factores asociados se recolectaron usando una encuesta estructurada. Resultado: La seroprevalencia de brucelosis fue 2,2% y de leptospirosis 28,9%. Las características ambientales más frecuentes en la población fueron, disposición de excretas en letrinas (73,3%), contacto con agua estancada (83,3%) contacto con roedores (62,2%). No se encontró asociación entre los factores evaluados y las enfermedades. Conclusiones: Se evidencia una alta seroprevalencia de leptospirosis y baja para brucelosis en personas con crianza traspatio del distrito de José Leonardo Ortiz de Chiclayo, revelando un problema de salud pública vigente. Se recomienda continuar con estudios longitudinales que permitirían evaluar factores de riesgo y realizar intervenciones preventivas.

Abstract INTRODUCTION Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with toxoplasmosis among pregnant women. METHODS We followed an analytical observational study. From July 2016 to June 2017, 218 pregnant women were selected. The infection was detected through serological dosage of anti-T.gondii Immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG antibodies. RESULTS The seroprevalence was 35.8%; the factors associated with infection were consumption of non-drinking water, residence in an urban area, and threatened abortion during the current pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women is high. The risk factors are dependent on environmental determinants.