Abstract The expansion of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021 has weakened the performance of critical industries in Indonesia. Aglaonema as one of the ornamental plants had a surge in demand as part of the farming industry until its height in 2020. Currently, the response to the demand for ornamental plants has declined considerably. This study discussed the revenue and income of Aglaonema farming during two periods, at height and the post of the COVID-19 pandemic, and analyzed the distribution of inputs data as information related to the allocation of production. The respondents comprised 32 active farmers from the Aglaonema community (ASA) in Depok City, who produced 10 varieties of premium Aglaonema, namely Super Pink, Suksom Jaipong, Khanza, Lotus Delight, Audrey, Tiara, Widuri, Adelia, Bidadari, and Pride of Sumatra. The data was collected from June to November 2022 using the recall method to tabulate data in 2020 (the year of the height of COVID-19 pandemic) and 2022 (the year of the post COVID-19 pandemic). The R/C ratio was used as a profit indicator by considering the implicit and explicit costs. The findings revealed that Aglaonema farming in Depok City was highly profitable at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, evidenced by an R/C ratio of 7.50. The R/C ratio has changed in 2022 value to 1.79, indicating a decline in farming profitability. Suppose the farmers pay the implicit costs in the current situation, the farming becomes less profitable as shown by the return value which is just slightly above the break-even point.

Resumo A expansão da pandemia de COVID-19 de 2019 a 2021 enfraqueceu o desempenho de indústrias críticas na Indonésia. Aglaonema como uma das plantas ornamentais teve um aumento na demanda e parte da indústria agrícola até seu auge em 2020. Atualmente, a resposta à demanda por plantas ornamentais diminuiu consideravelmente. Este estudo discutiu a receita e a renda da agricultura de Aglaonema durante dois períodos, no auge e pós-pandemia do COVID-19, e a distribuição analisada de dados de insumos como informações relacionadas à alocação da produção. Os entrevistados incluíram 32 agricultores ativos da comunidade Aglaonema (ASA) em Depok City, que produz 10 variedades de Aglaonema premium, ou seja, Super Pink, Suksom Jaipong, Khanza, Lotus Delight, Audrey, Tiara, Widuri, Adelia, Bidadari e Pride of Sumatra. Os dados foram coletados de junho a novembro de 2022 usando o método recordatório para tabular os dados em 2020 (o ano do auge da pandemia de COVID-19) e 2022 (o ano da pós-pandemia de COVID-19). A relação R/C foi utilizada como indicador de lucro considerando os custos implícitos e explícitos. As descobertas revelaram que o cultivo de Aglaonema em Depok City era altamente lucrativo no auge da pandemia de COVID-19, evidenciado por relação R/C de 7.50. A relação R/C mudou no valor de 2022 para 1.79, indicando queda na rentabilidade da lavoura. Supondo que os produtores paguem os custos implícitos na situação atual, as fazendas se tornam menos lucrativa, conforme mostrado pelo valor de retorno que está um pouco acima do ponto de equilíbrio.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate House of Chemistry game as a Hydrocarbon learning media able to enhance the motivation of high school students. The study was conducted on high school students in East Java Indonesia and determined randomly in two classes each as a control group and experimental group. Before learning is done the initial test then learning according to plan using the available media in the class for the control group and the experimental group with the game House of Chemistry as learning media, after the learning is done the final test, motivation questionnaire, and student response questionnaire. The results of the data obtained in the experimental group: (a) student learning motivation of 94.5%; (b) scores on student learning outcomes achieving classical completeness; there is an increase compared to before learning; learning outcomes score is better than the control group learning outcomes score; (c) student responses obtained 90.6%; (d) there is a relationship of 0.437 between motivation and student learning outcomes scores. It was concluded that hydrocarbon learning using the game House of Chemistry as a learning media had a positive impact on student learning motivation, there was an increase in student learning outcomes, and the experimental group learning scores were better than scores of students’ control groups giving positive responses and positive correlation between motivation and student learning outcomes

Resumen El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar el juego House of Chemistry como un medio de aprendizaje de Hidrocarburos capaz de mejorar la motivación de los estudiantes de secundaria. El estudio se realizó en estudiantes de secundaria en el este de Java, Indonesia, y se determinó aleatoriamente en dos clases, cada una como grupo de control y grupo experimental. Antes del aprendizaje se realiza la prueba inicial, luego se aprende de acuerdo al plan utilizando los medios disponibles en la clase para el grupo de control y el grupo experimental con el juego House of Chemistry como medio de aprendizaje, después del aprendizaje se realiza la prueba final, cuestionario de motivación y cuestionario de respuesta del estudiante. Los resultados de los datos obtenidos en el grupo experimental: (a) motivación de aprendizaje de los estudiantes del 94,5%; (b) puntajes en los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes que logran la integridad clásica; hay un aumento en comparación con antes del aprendizaje; la puntuación de los resultados del aprendizaje es mejor que la puntuación de los resultados del aprendizaje del grupo de control; (c) las respuestas de los estudiantes obtuvieron el 90,6%; (d) existe una relación de 0,437 entre la motivación y las puntuaciones de los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Se concluyó que el aprendizaje de hidrocarburos utilizando el juego House of Chemistry como medio de aprendizaje tuvo un impacto positivo en la motivación de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, hubo un aumento en los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y las puntuaciones de aprendizaje del grupo experimental fueron mejores que las puntuaciones de los grupos de control de los estudiantes dando respuestas positivas y correlación positiva entre la motivación y los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.

ORIENTATION: This article describes the new work culture values in Indonesia using the modified theory of planned behaviour (TPB). RESEARCH PURPOSE: The researcher modifies the TPB by replacing the variables of perceived behavioural control with organisational culture, subjective norms with peer references and attitude with spirituality. The modification is then used to predict the work behaviour of religious organisations based on work culture values in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The TPB has been considerably modified and expanded to predict various types of organizational behaviour in different fields. However, the modifications did not reduce or change the substance and have not yet been applied to religious organizations. In contrast to previous studies, this article modifies the TPB from its original form and applies it to religious organizations in Indonesia. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: This article employs a quantitative method. Primary data include samples collected from all Regional Offices of the Ministry of Religious Affairs in 34 provinces in Indonesia, while data analysis uses structural equation modelling and structural models. MAIN FINDINGS: This article finds that the most decisive work culture value in the organisation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia is spirituality (intention). IMPLICATIONS: Results of this study have extended the implementation of the TPB by modifying perceived behaviour control (PBC) with organisational culture, subjective norm with peer reference and attitude with spirituality to predict organisational values (Nilai Budaya Kerja - NBK)-based work behaviour at the Regional Offices of the Ministry of Religious Affairs with compliance intention as a mediating/intervening variable, which acquired positive and significant results. CONTRIBUTION: Theoretically speaking, the findings in this study provide empirical evidence that modifying TPB reinforces TPB's applicability to predict compliance intention and work behaviour. Practically speaking, this research provides recommendations for improving the implementation of the five organisational values to the Ministry of Religious Affairs in three aspects. First, enhance Civil Servants' (Pegawai Negeri Sipil - PNS) spirituality by providing substantial understanding of religious values. Second, intensify the role and support of structural leaders, particularly echelon 1, 2 and 3 officials so they provide good examples in the implementation of NBK. Third, strengthen organisational culture at the Ministry of Religious Affairs by creating result/impact-oriented programme planning (result/impact oriented government.

Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar como a disponibilidade de infraestrutura, as condições socioeconômicas e o efeito da localização influenciam nos níveis de pobreza. A análise descritiva é usada para dar uma descrição geral da pobreza usando cartas e mapas temáticos. O mapa da pobreza é analisado por autocorrelação espacial dos níveis de pobreza, pelo uso de um gráfico de dispersão de Moran e do Mapa de Indicadores Locais de Associação Espacial (LISA). Os resultados do estudo indicam a existência de ligações espaciais à pobreza. O aumento de outras variáveis fora do modelo em regiões vizinhas aumentará o nível de pobreza em uma região. A infraestrutura da extensão das estradas, infraestrutura de água potável, crescimento econômico, qualidade da educação e saúde têm influência significativa no nível de pobreza, embora a porcentagem de saneamento decente não tenha demonstrado afetar o efeito significativo sobre a pobreza. A conclusão é que o nível de pobreza nas províncias de Java Central e Yogyakarta tem uma distribuição desigual e um padrão espacial agrupado.

Abstract: This study aims to analyze how the influence of infrastructure availability, socioeconomic conditions, and the effect of location on poverty levels. The descriptive analysis is used to give a general description of poverty by using thematic charts and maps. The poverty map is analyzed by spatial autocorrelation of poverty levels by using a Moran Scatterplot and the Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) Map. The results of the study indicate the existence of spatial linkages to poverty. The Increasing of other variables outside the model in neighboring regions will increase the level of poverty in a region. The infrastructures of road extension, clean water infrastructure, economic growth, quality of education, and health have a significant influence on the level of poverty, while the percentage of satisfactory sanitation did not demonstrate to affect the significant effect on poverty. The conclusion is that the level of poverty in the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta has an irregular distribution and a clustered spatial pattern.

ABSTRACT Nineteen species of Anguilla Schrank, 1798 are globally distributed in the world, however knowledge on the biogeography, species diversity and ecology of the 13 species of tropical anguillids in the Indo-Pacific region is highly limited. This study examined the diversity of tropical anguillids found in North Maluku of East Indonesia, which is known to have unique and highly heterogeneous habitats, complex oceanography, high biodiversity, and representativeness of Asian and Australian fauna. By means of molecular identification, two tropical anguillid eels, A. marmorata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 and A. interioris Whitely, 1938, were confirmed to be distributed in North Maluku. This study also examined the mitochondrial DNA haplotype diversity of A. interioris, as it could contribute to our understanding of the biogeography and life history of this eel species. Our molecular analyses showed the presence of the same haplotypes along the different locations in the Indo-Pacific region. Although more samples and DNA markers are required to provide more support, the results suggest that the larvae of A. interioris from potentially different spawning sites in the Indian and Pacific oceans could be mixed together due to the complexity of oceanic currents, and when these migrating larvae reach maturity, they would likely spawn with the local eels.

The notion of lifestyle has recently attracted the attention of various scholars as a social science concept. For thousands of years, human beings attempted to realise and manage their lifestyles, and governments have tried to influence the lifestyles of their people. Nevertheless, the definition of lifestyle and its conceptualisation is relatively new. Lifestyle means the specific method of living of an individual, group or community. Lifestyles include a set of values, behaviours, moods and tastes that can refer to the interests, opinions, behaviours and behavioural orientations of an individual, group or culture. The Islamic way of life follows a grand plan of behaviour according to which all life is a movement to get closer to God. This plan, however, is dynamic and always demands adjustment. In a desirable religious life, all actions and situations can be called worship. People's lifestyles and the path they choose for themselves are deeply related to their success in life. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Islamic lifestyle on the academic success of Russian Muslim students in 2021. In total, 2000 graduate students of Kazan, Russia were studied in this research. According to the results of mean analysis in SPSS, the academic success of the students who followed the Islamic lifestyle was reported to be higher than the mean level (more than 3 out of 5). Furthermore, according to the Structural Equation Modeling in LESREL, the Islamic lifestyle has a positive significant effect on the students' academic success (p-value: 0.83; t-value: 7.92). CONTRIBUTION: Amongst the various factors that can influence students' academic success, the current research focused on the Islamic lifestyle. The findings of the present study offered a new insight into the relationship between the Islamic lifestyle and academic success in Russia

Abstract: A new paradigm regarding a significant technological development has been introduced, each individual gets full trust in controlling an asset and can see the level of authenticity of a particular asset. Through qualitative methods, it is possible to have structured results as the first step to the perfection of the digitalization era, in which the current revolutionary technology called blockchain has come into play. One of the main innovations found through this research is the role of blockchain in enhancing e-certificate data security, it is proven that administration can be well distributed and reduce operational costs for every field in the world. It is clear that blockchain, especially in the world of education certification, has a big impact, because it can create a global trust network, immutable, authenticated, ubiquitous, and can shape a better world for Indonesia as a superpower. With good execution using the SHA-256 hash, e-certificate blockchain technology can be of high value and have an impact on the quality of potential human resources in educational institutions.

Resumo Ceratobasidium ramicola é um fungo fitopatogênico prejudicial que causa vários danos em diversas culturas florestais e agrícolas. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o efeito dos extratos de folhas de Acacia villosa, Myristica fragrans, Acacia mangium e Calliandra calothyrsus como fontes de tanino relacionadas à inibição do crescimento in vitro de Ceratobasidium ramicola. A inibição in vitro foi realizada empregando o meio de ágar batata dextrose para obter a inibição radial, enquanto o meio de caldo de batata dextrose líquido foi usado para obter a inibição da biomassa. O projeto experimental foi fundamentado in time. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, e a análise estatística foi realizada com o software SAS, versão 9.1. O resultado da inibição do crescimento radial de Ceratobasidium ramicola mostrou que os extratos de tanino de A. mangium e M. fragrans não diferiram significativamente entre si. Os tratamentos de extratos de tanino de A. villosa, M. fragrans, A. mangium e C. Calothyrsus, utilizando uma concentração de 1%, foram significativamente diferentes em comparação com outras concentrações e resultaram em maiores valores de inibição. O extrato de tanino de A. mangium a 1% de concentração produziu a maior inibição radial, com taxa de 33,2%. Na maioria dos casos, a inibição efetiva do extrato de tanino ocorreu em 24 horas de incubação. A maior inibição de biomassa foi produzida em 1% de extrato de tanino de A. Mangium, com taxa de 64,3%, enquanto a menor foi produzida a partir de 1% de extrato de tanino de M. fragrans, com taxa de 27%.

Abstract Ceratobasidium ramicola is a fitopathogenic fungus that harmful and causes various levels of damage on several types of forestry and horticultural crops. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Acacia villosa, Myristica fragrans, Acacia mangium and Calliandra calothyrsus leaf extracts as tannin sources related to the in vitro inhibition of Ceratobasidium ramicola growth. The in vitro inhibition was performed by employing solid potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium to obtain the radial inhibition, while liquid potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium was used to obtain the biomass inhibition. Experimental design was based on in time nested-completely randomized design and statistical analysis was carried out with SAS software version 9.1. The result of radial growth inhibition of Ceratobasidium ramicola showed that tannin extracts of A. mangium and M. Fragrans were not significantly different to each other. Treatment of tannin extracts from A. villosa, M. fragrans, A. mangium and C. Calothyrsus with a concentration of 1% were significantly different with other concentrations and resulted the greatest inhibition values. Tannin extract of A. Mangium at 1% concentration produced the greatest radial inhibition by 33.2%. In most cases, the effective inhibition from tannin extract occurred at the 24h of incubation. The greatest biomass inhibition was produced on 1% tannin extract of A. mangium by 64.3%, while the lowest was produced from 1% tannin extract of M. fragrans by 27.0%.

Collaborative governance and social capital can help to form a resilient community in the wake of a disaster, such as the eruptions of Mount Merapi in Indonesia. This study examines the successfulness of the handling of disasters in Indonesia, with particular focus on eruptions of Mount Merapi. Disasters foster a close relationship between the government and the community in response to the emergency. This study uses a mixed method to analyse social networks in evaluating the structure of disaster networks in Indonesia and their implications for disaster management. Data were collected via a survey of 100 respondents from 28 institutions representing, for practical purposes, each population identified by each institution (government, non-governmental organisations and volunteers) that participated in handling the Merapi eruption disaster. The findings revealed that considerable miscommunication between institutions reduced the effectiveness of disaster management so that close discussion about conflict resolution was needed to develop more mature and systematic planning. Inter-agency trust is also felt to be necessary in disaster management. Trust between agency members and other institutions strongly supports the success of systematic disaster management. Meanwhile, every institution must foster open leadership by giving individuals with precise knowledge of the situation and the condition of the disaster area a mandate to lead directly in the field. Disaster governance is carried out through the agreement of each institution formed in the Disaster Emergency Planning (Rencana Penanggulangan Kedaruratan Bencana - RPKB) guidelines. These guidelines expect the Government and the community to coordinate with each other in a structured and systematic manner in the process of disaster management.

Abstract Social media data has become popular resources for various research topic such as public health. One of the popular research directions is to use social media data to detect if there is an epidemic disease emerging in a certain area. This paper presents a framework for mapping the emergence of disease in Indonesia using data from Twitter. The framework is built upon several methods which consist of classification using SVM, clustering using K-Means, and a named-entity recognizer to extract location names. Our research successfully identifies tweets indicating disease emergence and generates a relatively accurate map visualization. Thus, we believe that using Twitter may help Indonesia government officials to get an overview of the spread of disease in Indonesia in a relatively short time.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the clinical and histological condition of Chlorella vulgaris ointment extract smearing on wound healing. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of 9 pigs by making 4 incisions on the pig's right ear measuring 2cm x 1cm and applying Chlorella vulgaris ointment in 3 concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15% and without ointment application as the control group. Furthermore, the observation of the clinical condition of wounds divided into 4 time periods (day 1, 3, 7 and 14). After completing clinical observations based on time period, the skin of the pig's ear was taken by cutting in the area that had been made injured. Skin tissue extraction carried out under inhalation and local anesthesia. The tissue pieces are then processed in the anatomical pathology laboratory to become 36 slide preparations. The clinical trial assessment was done using parameters of wound moisture, color of wound and scab wound. Whereas for histological examination was done by looking at the number of fibroblast cells in the CX31 light microscope with 40x magnification. ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. Results: In the clinical observation conditions there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group as well as the number of fibroblast cells there were significant differences between the 3 concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris extract ointment and the per time period control group. Conclusion: Chlorella vulgaris extract ointment containing 15% extract gives the best results in accelerating the wound healing process in the pig's ear seen from wound healing and increased number of fibroblast cells.

Abstract Objective: To determine the activity of anti-cancer and anti-proliferation of ethyl acetate fraction of ant nest plants (Myrmecodia pendans) in Burkitt’s Lymphoma cancer cells. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a pure laboratory experimental method using Burkitt's Lymphoma cancer cell culture. Gradual research begins with the determination, extraction and fractionation of ant nest plants, to test for proliferation barriers. Data analysis using two-way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc LSD test with a significance level of 95%. Pearson correlation test was conducted. Results: The results of testing the inhibition of Burkitt’s Lymphoma cell proliferation with ethyl acetate extract treatment showed that there was inhibition of cell growth based on the concentration given, starting from the lowest concentration of 15.625 μg/mL. Likewise, the incubation time factor of 24, 48, and 72 hours showed that the longer the incubation time, the greater the inhibition of cell growth. Antiproliferation analysis of flavonoid ethyl acetate extract based on concentration and incubation time on absorption of optical density Burkitt’s Lymphoma was statistically significant (p = 0.00). Conclusion: Ant nest ethyl acetate extract has the effect of proliferation inhibition on Burkitt’s lymphoma cells.

Abstract Objective: To know the activity of resistance of flavonoid content in ant nest plant in decreasing the number of colonies S. mutans oral cavity of children as a medic herbal material. Material and Methods: The subjects were plaque sample of 20 children aged 7-12 years. Research begins by making toothpaste from ant nest extract. Samples of children's dental plaque were inserted into BHIB media, after which incubated for 24 hours, 1/10 dilution with BHIB media three times, followed by TYC media planting and incubation of anaerob with temperature 37ºC for 48 hours. After that then count the number of colonies of S. mutans. Results: On ethyl acetate extract of ant nest incubated at room temperature with concentration 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% obtained a decrease from each treatment amount of Streptococcus mutans colony on TYC media with median value of each treatment was 89, 67, 64, 61, 59 and 51 for the ethyl acetate fraction, and 62, 61, 60, 59, 49 at the ethanol fraction. There was no significant difference between the six concentration groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Flavonoids extract of ant nest plants have growth barrier on Streptococcus mutans bacteria, the greater the concentration given the greater the number of S. mutans colony.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of gargling the solution of ant nest extract against plaque formation in children who experience Early Childhood Caries (ECC) when used as a mouthwash. Material and Methods: This study uses a pretest-posttest design with a control group. Thirty children with ECC, which were divided into three groups, namely the treatment group which was given a solution of extracts of ant nests concentrations of 5% and 10% and the control group gargling Aquades. Plaque scores were measured using the Greene and Vermillon method before and after the intervention. The paired t-test was used, with a significance level of 0.05 Results: Significant differences were found before and after the treatment of ant nest extract (r<0.05). The increase in OHI-S mean in the control group before treatment was 2.41 ± 0.72 and after treatment 2.53 ± 0.69 while in the treatment group there was a decrease in the OHI-S average in the group of 5% before treatment 2.66 ± 0.90 and after treatment 2.29 ± 0.95 and group concentration of 10% before treatment 2.51 ± 0.89 and after treatment 1.82 ± 0.75 Conclusion: The distribution of ant nest extract solution extract with the concentration of 5% and 10% would be more effective with ant nest concentration of 10% where it can inhibit dental plaque formation, and there is a significant difference in mean plaque scores between the control group and the treatment groups.

Abstract Objective: To assess the levels of nickel and chromium ions in hair and Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of orthodontic patients and to evaluate the corrosion of orthodontic bracket surfaces. Material and Methods: Nickel and chromium ion concentrations were measured in hair and GCF of 15 patients (9 females and 6 males, aged 16-28 years old) who had fixed orthodontic treatment using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The samples were taken before treatment (baseline), 4, 8, and 16 months later during treatment. Along with ionic sampling, microscopic sampling was done. One of each patient brackets was removed to get 15 brackets per group. Five brackets were taken randomly from each group to be examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Data obtained were analyzed using paired t-tests. Results: After 16 months, compared with the baseline, average hair nickel level changed from 0.125 µg/g to 0.956 µg/g with statistically significant difference (p=0.00); average chromium level changed from 0.090 µg/g to 0.295 µg/g but no significant difference (p>0.05); average GCF nickel level changed from 3.335 µg/g to 10.410 µg/g; average chromium level changed from 1.859 µg/g to 9.818 µg/g. Both of these increases were significant (p=0.000). SEM examinations showed that the corrosion on brackets was seen in the fourth month, and more severely visible after 8 and 16 months of uses. Conclusion: After 16 months of treatment, compared with the baseline, the hair nickel level was increased by 7.7 times; while for chromium was by 3.3 times. Gingival crevicular fluid nickel level was increased by 3.1 times and chromium level was by 5.3 times. The longer time of treatment, the more ions released and the more corrosion of brackets will be.