Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chronic hepatitis C is a leading cause of liver disease. Infection triggers an immediate immune response in the host that is mediated by humoral/cellular mechanisms. T cells respond to infection via secretion of cytokines, which inhibit or stimulate one another, leading to cytokine imbalance and ultimately affecting treatment. Studies using interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) showed that TCD8+ cells and cytokine levels are associated with sustainable virological response (SVR). However, studies that investigated the effects of triple therapy (TT) are limited. METHODS: The study included hepatitis C virus (HCV)+ RNA, naives, genotype 1, ≥18 years, and advanced fibrosis (F≥3) patients. Samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks (W12) of TT. Six cytokines were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Of 31 patients, four were excluded (two deaths, one interrupted TT, and one F2 patient). Of the 27 remaining patients, 21 (78%) were cirrhotic. SVR was achieved in 63% of the patients. The patients had a mean age of 55.11 ± 10.03 years. Analyses at baseline showed that the chemokine CCL5/Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) (p=0.04) and interleukin (IL)-6 (p=0.02), which was associated with SVR. RANTES (p=0.04) and IL-8 (p=0.01) levels were associated with SVR at W12. CONCLUSIONS Similar to patterns observed during double therapy, IL-6, IL-8, and RANTES levels were associated with SVR in TT, indicating the potential role of interferon in immune response to hepatitis C virus.

RESUMO Os ovos são um dos alimentos que oferecem nutrientes de grande valor biológico. Entretanto, no armazenamento, alguns componentes da clara e gema podem se alterar, deteriorando a qualidade dos ovos. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar semanalmente parâmetros de qualidade como unidade Haugh, perda de peso, largura/comprimento do ovo, densidade específica, dimensões da clara/gema e pH durante 9 semanas de armazenamento. Foram coletados 270 ovos de duas linhagens de poedeiras e avaliados a temperatura ambiente (20 a 35 °C no verão; 11,2 a 29,7 °C no outono) e refrigerada (0 a 5 °C no verão; -3,1 a 6,5 ºC no outono). Para as condições de armazenamento, foi realizada uma análise de desdobramento por regressão por polinômios ortogonais. Ainda, análise de componentes principais (PCA), objetivou avaliar correlações entre parâmetros de qualidade em diferentes condições de armazenamento e linhagens de poedeira. Após 9 semanas de armazenamento, os ovos refrigerados apresentaram qualidade similar àqueles armazenados a temperatura ambiente por 3 semanas. Porém, sem refrigeração, os ovos apresentaram uma degradação mais rápida da semana 1 a 5. Não foram observadas diferenças nos parâmetros de qualidade dos ovos entre as diferentes colorações de casca (linhagens de poedeiras). PCA sugere que a melhor qualidade dos ovos (primeira semana) foi associada principalmente com valores elevados de peso e densidade específica do ovo, unidade Haugh e altura do albúmen. Ovos armazenados a temperatura ambiente devem ser consumidos até duas semanas ou mantidos sob refrigeração até 8 semanas, preservando a qualidade interna desde a granja até o armazenamento no varejo.

ABSTRACT Eggs are one of nearly perfect protein foods, offering nutrients of great biological value. However, during storage, egg albumen and yolk components may alter and deteriorate egg quality. Therefore, the aim of this work was to assess egg quality during 9-week storage. Parameters such as Haugh unit, weight loss, egg width and length, specific gravity, yolk and albumen dimensions and their pH were evaluated weekly. A total of 270 eggs (n=5) collected from two different hen strains were evaluated under room (20 to 35 °C in summer; 11.2 to 29.7 °C in autumn) and refrigerated (0 to 5 °C in summer; -3.1 to 6.5 °C in autumn) temperatures. For storage time, an unfolding analysis was accomplished by regression analysis using orthogonal polynomials. As a second approach, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to assess correlations among quality parameters on storage conditions and laying hen strains. By the end of the 9-week storage period, eggs kept under refrigeration presented similar quality parameters to eggs stored at room temperature for only 3 weeks. In contrast, eggs kept at room temperature presented faster degradation from week 1 to 5. No differences on egg quality parameters were noticed between white and brown shells eggs. PCA suggests that better egg quality (first week) was associated mainly with higher egg weight and its specific gravity, Haugh unit and albumen height. Eggs stored at room temperature should be consumed in 2 weeks or refrigerated until 8 weeks, preserving internal quality from farm to retail.

Introdução: Há grande interesse na utilização de modelos animais na pesquisa da fisiopatologia renal, que requer padronização dos parâmetros analisados. Objetivo: Padronizar avaliação da função renal de ratos da colônia do biotério do Centro de Biologia da Reprodução da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Métodos: Foram utilizados 30 ratos Wistar e realizadas dosagens de creatinina (sérica e urinária), ureia sérica e proteinúria. Foram avaliados: o intervalo de coleta de urina nas gaiolas metabólicas (24 horas ou 12 horas); a necessidade de jejum de 12 horas; a necessidade de desproteinização das amostras de urina e soro para dosagens de creatinina; necessidade de desproteinização do soro de animais com injúria renal aguda (IRA) para leitura em espectrofotômetro e ELISA, além da comparação da proteinúria de 24 horas (PT 24 horas) com a relação proteína/creatinina (rP/C). Os resultados foram comparados pelos teste t de Student, correlação de Pearson, gráfico de Bland-Altman para concordância e modelo de regressão linear para estimar a PT 24 horas a partir da rP/C. Resultados: A diurese de 24 horas foi maior do que a de 12 horas, interferindo na depuração da creatinina. No grupo em jejum, houve menor ingestão hídrica e menor creatinina urinária. Houve grande variabilidade para o soro desproteinizado e as leituras realizadas nos dois equipamentos foram semelhantes. Houve forte correlação entre PT 24 horas e rP/C e foi gerada a equação: PT 24 horas = (8,6113 x rP/C) + 1,0869. Conclusão: Foi padronizada: coleta de urina em 24 horas sem jejum. A desproteinização não mostrou benefício. As dosagens foram realizadas com confiabilidade em espectrofotômetro. Foi gerada uma fórmula prática para estimar PT 24 horas por meio da rP/C.

Introduction: There is great interest in the use of animal models in the study of renal pathophysiology requires standardization of parameters. Objective: Standardize assessment of renal function in rats from in the Center for Reproductive Biology of Federal University of Juiz de Fora's colony. Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were used and performed measurements of creatinine (serum and urine), serum urea and proteinuria. Were evaluated: the urine collection interval in metabolic cages (24 hours or 12 hours), the need for 12-hour fast, the need of urine and serum deproteinization for creatinine measurement, need of serum deproteinization in animals with acute kidney injury to a spectrophotometer and ELISA, and the comparison of 24-hour proteinuria (PT 24 hours) with the protein/creatinine ratio (rP/C). Means were compared by the Student's t test, Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman plot for agreement and linear regression model to estimate PT 24 hours from rP/C. Results: The 24 hours urine output was greater than 12 hours, interfering with the creatinine clearance calculation. In the fasting group showed less water intake and lower urinary creatinine. There was great variability for the deproteinized whey and readings performed in the two devices were similar. There was a strong correlation between PT 24 hours and rP/C and the equation was generated: PT 24 hours = (8.6113 x rP/C) + 1.0869. Conclusion: Was standardized: 24-hour urine collection without fasting. The deproteinization showed no benefit. The measurements were performed with spectrophotometer reliability. It generated a practical formula for estimating PT 24 hours through rP/C.

Introduction It is important to understand the characteristics and vulnerabilities of people who have hepatitis C because this disease is currently an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and harmful alcohol use in patients with hepatitis C and to study the association between these outcomes and demographic, psychosocial and clinical variables. Methods This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study involved 82 hepatitis C patients who were being treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin at a public university hospital. The primary assessments used in the study were the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Beck Depression Inventory. Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 30.5% (n=25), and that of harmful alcohol use was 34.2% (n=28). Logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who were dissatisfied with their social support (OR=4.41; CI=1.00-19.33) and were unemployed (OR=6.31; CI=1.44-27.70) were at a higher risk for depressive symptoms, whereas harmful alcohol use was associated with the male sex (OR=6.78; CI=1.38-33.19) and the use of illicit substances (OR=7.42; CI=1.12-49.00). Conclusions High prevalence rates of depressive symptoms and harmful alcohol use were verified, indicating vulnerabilities that must be properly monitored and treated to reduce emotional suffering in this population.

Problemas relacionados à durabilidade da madeira são comumente encontrados em estruturas de edificações históricas. Medidas de preservação e conservação devem ser adotadas, a fim de se evitar perdas e substituições que descaracterizam as construções. Métodos não destrutivos para a detecção de deteriorações podem ser utilizados, a fim de embasar decisões e aumentar a longevidade do patrimônio histórico. Nesse contexto, este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de realizar ensaios não destrutivos para inferir sobre a integridade de uma viga e um pilar originais da construção do Sobrado Ramalho, edifício histórico de Tiradentes, MG. Foram utilizados os equipamentos stress wave timer e resistógrafo. Amostras das peças foram retiradas para análises de densidade. Os resultados mostraram que, em ambas as estruturas, para cálculo dos módulos de elasticidade dinâmicos, não houve diferença significativa na aplicação do stress wave timer nos alinhamentos estudados. Não houve diferença significativa entre as direções de aplicação do resistógrafo no pilar, por ele ser aparentemente íntegro, de seções regulares, praticamente quadradas, e por não sofrer carregamento excêntrico. Já na viga houve diferença significativa, supostamente pelo fato de ela possuir trincas na sua linha de tração. Os equipamentos, pouco conhecidos no meio técnico conservacionista de patrimônio, permitem metodologias promissoras para inspeção de estruturas de madeira em serviço.

Problems related to the durability of wood are commonly found in historical buildings structures. Preservation and conservation resolutions must be adopted, in order to avoid losses and substitutions, which mischaracterize buildings. Non-destructive methods for detecting deterioration should be used in order to substantiate decisions and increase the longevity of historical heritage. This work was carried out in order to perform non-destructive essays to infer about the integrity of a beam and a pillar of the original construction of the Sobrado Ramalho, a historical building of the city of Tiradentes, MG. The equipments utilized were the Stress Wave Timer and resistograph. Samples of the elements were taken for analysis of density. The results showed that, in both structures, to calculate the dynamic modulus of elasticity, there was no significant difference for the application of stress wave timer on the alignments studied. There was no significant difference between the directions of application of the resistograph on the pillar, due to its apparent entirety and regular sessions, practically square, and to not being loaded eccentrically. In the case of the beam, there was significant difference, presumably because it has cracks in its traction line. The equipments, unknown by professionals of heritage conservation allow promising methodologies for inspection of timber structures in service.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos modelos de escamoteador no aquecimento e desempenho dos leitões. O modelo 1 (MOD 1) era formado por oito escamoteadores de alvenaria, aquecimento por resistência elétrica embutida no piso e iluminação com lâmpada fluorescente de 7 W. O modelo 2 (MOD 2) era formado por oito escamoteadores de madeira e aquecimento por lâmpada incandescente de 60 W. Os dados de temperatura e umidade foram registrados do nascimento ao 26º dia de vida da leitegada e o peso médio da leitegada foi obtido no segundo dia e no 21º dia de vida. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo modelo de medidas repetidas, utilizando o MIXED do SAS (2002-2003). Foram testados os efeitos de modelo, semana e a interação. Escamoteadores do MOD 1 obtiveram média de 20,75% dos dados de temperatura dentro do conforto térmico durante o período experimental em relação ao MOD 2. Somente na primeira semana o MOD 2 foi melhor, com 26,04%, enquanto o MOD 1 obteve 3,90%. Leitegadas do MOD 1 obtiveram peso final superior de 13,80% em relação à leitegada do MOD 2. Conclui-se que o MOD 1 obteve os melhores resultados quando relacionados os resultados de ambiente e ganho de peso médio das leitegadas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of creep models for heating and piglet performance. Model 1 (MOD 1), consisted of eight creep of masonry, electrical resistance heating built into the floor and lighting with fluorescent lamps of 7 W. Model 2 (MOD 2), consisting of eight creep of wood and heating by 60 W incandescent lamp The data of temperature and humidity were recorded from birth to 26 days of life and litter, the average litter weight was obtained on the second day and on day 21 of life. The statistical model for repeated measures using the MIXED of SAS (2002-2003) was used. We tested the effects of model, week and interaction. Creep MOD 1 got an average of 20.75% of the temperature data within the thermal comfort during the experimental period in relation to MOD 2. Only the first two weeks the MOD was better with 26.04%, while the MOD 1 was 3.90%. MOD 1 litters had higher final weight of 13.80% compared to litter the MOD 2. We conclude that the MOD 1 achieved the best results related to the environment and average weight gain of litters.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desempenho produtivo dos animais influenciados por programas de luz na fase de creche. O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Suínos e Aves. Os tratamentos foram associados à iluminação da sala, sendo em cada sala aplicado um tratamento diferente: Programa LN - Iluminação natural (controle); Programa 16L:8E - Programa de iluminação artificial de 16 horas diárias de luz e 8 horas de escuro, mais iluminação solar vinda das janelas; Programa 23L:1E - Programa de iluminação artificial de 23 horas diárias de luz e 1 hora de escuro, mais iluminação solar vinda das janelas. As variáveis consumo de ração e ganho de peso diário foram coletadas diariamente na primeira semana e a cada sete dias após este período. Em todas as semanas estudadas, os programas de iluminação apresentaram diferentes (p < 0,05) valores de lux. Somente na primeira semana, os leitões que receberam iluminação artificial apresentaram maior (p < 0,05) desempenho. Os programas de iluminação avaliados não apresentaram, em fase de creche, melhorias no desempenho dos leitões que justificassem a sua utilização.

To evaluate the influence of artificial illumination on daily weight gain (DWG) in piglets in nursery phase, the present trial was carried out at Embrapa - National Swine and Poultry Research Center. The treatments were related to the illumination of the room, where a different treatment was applied to each room: Program NI - Natural Illumination (control); Program 16L: 8E - Artificial illumination program consisting of 16 hours per day with illumination and eight hours in the dark as well as solar lighting from the windows; Program 23L:1E - Artificial Illumination program consisting of 23 hours per day of illumination and one hour in the dark and well as solar light from the window. The variables daily feed intake and daily weight gain (DWG) in piglets were collected daily on the first week and every seven days after this period in the nursery phase. In every studied week, the illumination programs presented different (p < 0,05) lux values. Only in first week, the piglets that received artificial illumination they presented larger (p < 0,05) performance. The illumination programs evaluated didn't present improvement in the performance of the piglets that that justifies its use.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate mortality and performance, darkling beetle population (Alphitobius diaperinus), light intensity, electrical energy consumption and economic efficiency of broilers reared under two lighting programs (nearly continuous or intermittent) and two curtain colors (yellow or blue). The experiment was conducted between June, 2004 and May, 2005. Six flocks were sequentially housed in four 12 × 10 m broiler houses divided into 4 pens with 200 birds each. Litter was reused six times or until flock 6. Body weight and feed conversion were determined on days 21, 35, and 42 of each flock. Mortality was recorded daily. Electrical energy consumption was recorded at the end of the grow-out of each flock (every 42 days). A completely randomized design in a 6 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (flocks, lighting programs, curtains) with four replicates per treatment was applied. Broilers reared in houses with yellow curtains and under nearly continuous lighting programs presented the best feed conversion ratio and the highest body weight. Nearly continuous lighting programs resulted in 1.48 times more sudden deaths and 1.34 times higher general mortality when compared with intermittent lighting programs. Electrical energy consumption was 2.12 times higher in nearly continuous lighting programs in relation to intermittent lighting programs. The presence of darkling beetles was higher in broiler houses with blue curtains and intermittent lighting program. The economic analysis showed the feasibility of using a mixed system, with intermittent light program in winter and spring and nearly continuous lighting program in the summer and autumn, both in broiler houses with yellow curtains.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate carcass and parts' yield, abdominal fat deposition and breast and foot pad blisters of broilers reared under two lighting programs (nearly continuous or intermittent) in broilers houses with yellow and blue curtains. The experiment was conducted between June, 2004 and May, 2005. Six flocks were sequentially housed in four 12 × 10 m broiler houses divided into 4 pens with 200 birds each. The litter was reused six times or until flock 6. A completely randomized design in a 6 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (flocks, lighting programs, curtains) with four replicates per treatment was applied. A total of 288 birds were evaluated for carcass yield. Curtain color did not affect carcass or parts' yield. The effect of lighting program and curtain color on carcass yield may depend on other factors related to flock. Intermittent lighting program promoted the highest drumstick and thigh yields. Lighting programs and curtain colors did not affect abdominal fat deposition or the presence of breast and foot pad blisters.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal comfort of broilers reared under two lighting programs (almost continuous and intermittent) in broiler houses with yellow or blue lateral curtains. The experiment was carried out from June 24, 2004 until May 12, 2005. Six consecutive flocks were housed in four 12 × 10 m broilers houses internally divided into four pens of 200 birds each. Six flocks were raised on the same litter. The registration of data was accomplished at 3-hour intervals, for 24 hours twice a week. In the center of each pen and outside the house, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity were collected. Based on the data collected at each time, air temperature (AT) (ºC), black globe humidity temperature index (BGHTI), radiant thermal load (RTL) (W/m²), and relative air humidity (RH) were determined. Harmonic analysis was used to estimate m, R, and f parameters. In general, the best results in terms of thermal comfort for the birds were found when near-continuous lighting program and yellow curtain were used.

Foram avaliados a qualidade da casca de arroz e palhada de soja como substrato de cama e o efeito da reutilização da cama por quatro lotes de frangos de corte sobre a população de cascudinhos e parasitos intestinais e como adubo orgânico. O experimento foi realizado em quatro aviários de 12 m × 10 m para frangos de corte, divididos internamente em quatro boxes/aviário, com 200 aves/boxe por quatro lotes consecutivos, cada lote com a duração de 42 dias e com intervalo de vazio sanitário de 15 dias, entre lotes. Os tratamentos avaliados foram dois sistemas de ventilação (fixo e oscilante) e dois tipos de material de cama (palhada de soja e casca de arroz). A população de cascudinhos foi acompanhada coletando-se os insetos em armadilhas, três por boxe, e a contaminação da cama por endoparasitos por contagens de ovos/oocistos por grama de cama. Os níveis de matéria seca, nitrogênio total, fósforo total, potássio, cobre, zinco, manganês, ferro, carbono orgânico e pH foram avaliados por análises físico-químicas de amostras das camas em cada lote. As camas de frango utilizadas por três lotes, em média, se enquadram às exigências mínimas legais para serem comercializadas como fertilizante orgânico simples, independentemente do tipo de material utilizado como substrato. A palhada de soja apresentou maior contagem de cascudinhos, tanto com ventilação fixa quanto com ventilação oscilante. A probabilidade de a cama de casca de arroz apresentar contaminação por oocistos de Eimeria spp. é 18,78 vezes maior que a da palhada de soja quando ambas são submetidas à ventilação oscilante e 1,32 vez maior quando sob ventilação fixa. A temperatura da cama não interfere significativamente nos níveis de contaminação por oocistos.

It was evaluated the quality of rice husks or soybean straw as litter substrate and the effect of litter reuse for four consecutive flocks of broiler chickens on populations of darkling beetle and intestinal parasite and as organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m poultry houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each flock with a duration of 42 days and with a 15-day downtime between flocks. The evaluated treatments were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans) and two litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). Darkling beetle population was followed by collecting the insects in traps, three traps per box, and endoparasite litter contamination was determined by eggs/oocyst counts per gram of litter. Levels of dry matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, organic carbon and pH were evaluated by physical/chemical analyses of samples of the litters in each flock. Overall, litters of broilers used by three flocks meet the minimal legal requirements to be marketed as simple organic fertilizer, regardless to the material used as substrate. Soybean straw presented higher darkling beetle counts in stationary ventilation system as well as in oscillating ventilation system. The probability of rice husks litter present contamination by Eimeria spp oocysts is 18.78 times higher in rice husks than in soybean straw litter when both are submitted to oscillating ventilation, and 1.32 higher when stationary ventilation is used. Litter temperature does not influence significantly levels of contamination by oocysts.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo, a mortalidade, a incidência de lesões no coxim plantar em frangos de corte e a carga de enterobactérias nas camas em dois sistemas de ventilação e dois materiais de cama. O experimento foi realizado em quatro aviários de 12 m × 10 m para frangos de corte, divididos internamente em quatro boxes/aviário, com 200 aves/boxe, durante quatro lotes consecutivos, cada um com 42 dias de duração e intervalo de vazio sanitário de 15 dias entre lotes. Foram avaliados dois sistemas de ventilação (fixo e oscilante) e dois tipos de material de cama (palhada de soja e casca de arroz). As variáveis de desempenho estudadas foram peso corporal, ganho de peso, mortalidade e a conversão alimentar das aves aos 21, 35 e 42 dias de idade. A mortalidade foi anotada diariamente e, para as análises, foi utilizada a mortalidade total. A avaliação de lesão, por exame macroscópico de coxim plantar, foi realizada em todas as aves na pesagem final. Também foram realizados exames quantitativos de enterobactérias na cama. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se a teoria de modelos mistos para medidas repetidas e a regressão logística. A cama de casca de arroz proporcionou melhor desempenho produtivo das aves em todas as idades estudadas. Os resultados não permitiram recomendar um sistema de ventilação, uma vez que ambos tiveram desempenhos semelhantes. O uso de cama de palhada de soja ocasiona alta porcentagem de lesão no coxim plantar das aves. A ocorrência de enterobactérias é menor em camas reutilizadas.

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the performance, mortality and the incidence of lesion on the foot-pad of broilers and litter enterobacteriaceae load in two ventilation systems and two litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 pens, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with 42 days of duration and interval of 15 days of downtime between flocks. It was evaluated two ventilation systems (stationary and oscillating fans), and two litter materials (soybean straw and rice husks). Performance variables studied were body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality of birds at 21, 35, and 42 days of age. Flock mortality was daily recorded, and total mortality was used for analysis. Evaluation of lesions by using foot-pad macroscopic examination was performed in all birds at final weighing. It was also performed quantitative examinations of litter enterobacteria. Statistical analyses were performed by using the mixed model theory for repeated measures and logistical regression. Rice husks litter promoted the best performance of birds at all studied ages. Results did not permit to recommend a ventilation system inasmuch as both had similar performances. Soy straw litter causes a high incidence of foot-pad lesions. Enterobacteria occurrence is lower in reused litter.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar as condições térmicas ambientais em aviários com dois sistemas de ventilação e dois materiais de cama. O experimento foi realizado em quatro aviários de 12 m × 10 m para frangos de corte, divididos internamente em 4 boxes/aviário, com 200 aves/boxe por quatro lotes consecutivos, cada um com duração de 42 dias e com intervalo de vazio sanitário de 15 dias entre lotes. Os tratamentos testados foram dois sistemas de ventilação (fixo e oscilante) e dois tipos de material de cama (palhada de soja e casca de arroz). Foram coletadas no centro de cada boxe e no ambiente externo a temperatura de bulbo seco e úmido, a temperatura de globo negro e a velocidade do ar. Esses dados foram coletados em intervalos de três horas, de 8 às 18 horas, na quarta, quinta e sexta semanas de vida das aves. Com base nos dados coletados em cada horário, foram determinados o índice de temperatura de globo e umidade (WBGT) e a carga térmica radiante (RHL). Também foram feitas leituras da temperatura da cama por meio de termômetro infravermelho. Na análise dos dados de ambiente térmico interno, foram avaliados os efeitos de lote, ventilação, semana, hora e as interações dos fatores sobre as variáveis avaliadas, utilizando-se a teoria de modelos mistos para medidas repetidas. A ventilação proporcionada por ventiladores fixos e oscilantes comportou-se igualmente e não teve efeito sobre as variáveis estudadas. No entanto, as duas formas de ventilação são suficientes para amenizar as condições térmicas internas do aviário em relação ao ambiente externo. A umidade relativa do ar é maior quando se utiliza a casca de arroz como material para cama.

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental thermal conditions in broiler houses with two different ventilation systems and two different litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with a duration of 42 days with 15 days of downtime between flocks. Treatments tested were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans), and two types of litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). It was collected in the center of each pen and in the external enviroment, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity. These data were collected at 3-hour intervals from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the fourth, fifth and sixth week age of the bird. Based on the data collected at each time, wet and globe temperature index (WBGT) and radiant heat load (RHL) were determined. Litter temperature reaings were also performed by using an infrared thermometer. Effects of flock, ventilation, week, hour and the interactions among factors on the studied variables were evaluated in the analysis of the internal thermal environment by using the theory of mixed models for repeated measures. Ventilation provided by stationary and oscilating fans had equal behavior and it did not affect the studied variable. However, both ventilation systems are sufficient to soften internal thermal conditions in the broiler house in relation to the external environment. Relative humidity of the air is higher when rice husks is used as litter material.

Este trabalho foi conduzido com cruzamentos (dialelo parcial) entre as linhas do grupo I (LL, TL, ZL, TT, LT, ZT, ZZ, LZ e TZ) e as linhas do grupo II (PP, KP, VP, KK, PK, VK, VV, PV e KV), além de duas linhas (LLc e PPc) controle. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados consistindo de três blocos, 82 cruzamentos e nove fêmeas por cruzamento. As características de produção, no total de onze, foram: fertilidade na 32ª, 38ª, 42ª e 49ª semanas, eclodibilidade na 32ª semana, peso inicial dos pintinhos, peso no 42º dia, conversão no 42º dia, rendimento de carcaça, peito e gordura abdominal no 42º dia de idade dos frangos. As médias e predição dos híbridos mostraram ser fonte importante de informações para o melhorista. Existe similaridade entre os cruzamentos oriundos da utilização da linha 1, como progenitor.

This study was conducted using data from single crosses (partial diallel) of male lines, group I (LL, TL, ZL, TT, LT, ZT, ZZ, LZ, TL), female lines, group II (PP, KP, VP, KK, PK, VK, VV, PV, KV), besides two control lines (LLc and PPc). A completely randomized block design, with three replicales, 82 single crosses treatments with nine females for experimental unit was used in the analyses. The production traits analyzed, eleven total, were: fertility at 32nd, 38th, 42nd and 49th weeks of age, hatchability at 32nd, body weight at day of age, body weight and feed:gain ratio at 42nd days of age, and carcass yield, breast yield and fast pad yield at 42nd day of age. The averages and prediction of the hybrid ones showed to be important source of information. Similarity exists among the crossings originating from of the use of the line 1, as progenitor.