Abstract A new low-cost material is presented for the first time, aiming to study the sorption process for the stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) technique. The bars were made using a composition of a commercial epoxy resin and montmorillonite, under different compositions and a final ratio of 70% (epoxy) and 30% (montmorillonite) was employed, providing the best mechanical and chemical resistance. A PTFE support was developed to hold the bars permitting the magnetic stirring, without turbulent behavior even under long times of stirring at 1000 rpm. The bars were employed to study the sorption of the herbicide atrazine (ATZ), and the best extraction conditions were: sample volume 20.0 mL, pH 6.0, extraction time of 15 min, room temperature, stirring speed of 100 rpm, and 10.0% (w v-1) NaCl. This preliminary evaluation suggests that the modified bars could be employed for ATZ sorption, affording close to 71% of ATZ removal, and presented robust characteristics to be used at least 80 times.

A recente crise da energia convencional tem ocasionado a exploração de fontes alternativas de energia. O bombeamento de água utilizando carneiro hidráulico é amplamente empregado em propriedades onde a energia elétrica é escassa ou inexistente. Procurando dar subsídios técnicos para a utilização do PVC nos sistemas de alimentação de um carneiro hidráulico, foi desenvolvido um experimento com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um carneiro hidráulico quando alimentado por uma tubulação de PVC e outra de aço galvanizado, sob três alturas de queda (2,1, 3,8 e 4,7 m). Foi utilizada a equação de D'Aubussion's para a avaliação do rendimento, calculado a partir de leituras de altura de recalque, vazão de escape, vazão de recalque e altura de alimentação. Pode-se conseguir o máximo rendimento com o carneiro hidráulico utilizando-se de tubulação de PVC com até 4,2 m de desnível; além desse valor a tubulação de aço galvanizado é mais eficiente.

The recent conventional energy crisis is leading to the exploration of alternative energy sources. The pumping of water using ram pumps is widely used in farms where electric energy is scarce or inexistent. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of an hydraulic ram pump utilizing two kinds of supply pipes (PVC and steel) using three different supply heads (2.1, 3.8 and 4.7). Delivery head, delivery discharge, waste discharge and supply head were utilized to calculate the yield of the hydraulic ram by the equation of D'Aubussion. The maximum yield of the hydraulic ram was obtained for the PVC pipe for the 4.2 m head; for heads higher than 4.2 m the steel pipe was more efficient.