RESUMO Introdução: O tênis é um esporte de confronto que combina o exercício aeróbico com o exercício anaeróbico. O tênis de longa duração pode melhorar significativamente as qualidades físicas das estudantes universitárias femininas, tais como força, flexibilidade, sensibilidade e resistência, e ajudar a melhorar sua saúde física. Objetivo: Verificar as influências do tênis na saúde física das universitárias através do treino em tênis por longa duração. Métodos: Este trabalho visa explorar a influência do tênis na saúde física das estudantes universitárias, a fim de fornecer alguma base teórica e orientação prática para que faculdades e universidades realizem cursos eletivos de tênis. Resultados: O curso eletivo de tênis tem uma boa influência sobre a forma corporal das universitárias. Conclusão: A capacidade vital das estudantes universitárias e a capacidade metabólica aeróbica foram significativamente aprimoradas, e a função cardíaca foi efetivamente beneficiada. O esporte de tênis promoveu o fluxo sanguíneo e melhorou a função cardiopulmonar. A influência sobre a altura das estudantes universitárias não foi constatada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tennis is a confrontational sport that combines aerobic exercise with anaerobic exercise. Long-duration tennis can significantly improve female college students' physical qualities, such as strength, flexibility, sensitivity, and endurance, and help improve their physical health. Objective: Verify tennis's influences on female college students' physical health through long-duration tennis training. Methods: This paper aims to explore the influence of tennis on college students' physical health to provide some theoretical basis and practical guidance for colleges and universities to conduct tennis elective courses. Results: The elective tennis course has a good influence on the body shape of female college students. Conclusion: The university students' vital and aerobic metabolic capacity were significantly improved, and cardiac function was effectively benefited. The sport of tennis promotes blood flow and improves cardiopulmonary function. An influence on the height of female college students was not found. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El tenis es un deporte de confrontación que combina el ejercicio aeróbico con el anaeróbico. El tenis de larga duración puede mejorar significativamente las cualidades físicas de las estudiantes universitarias, como la fuerza, la flexibilidad, la sensibilidad y la resistencia, y contribuir a mejorar su salud física. Objetivo: Verificar las influencias del tenis en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias mediante un entrenamiento de tenis de larga duración. Métodos: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar la influencia del tenis en la salud física de las estudiantes universitarias con el fin de proporcionar una base teórica y una orientación práctica para que los colegios y universidades realicen cursos electivos de tenis. Resultados: La asignatura optativa de tenis tiene una buena influencia en la forma del cuerpo de las estudiantes universitarias. Conclusión: La capacidad vital de las estudiantes universitarias y la capacidad metabólica aeróbica mejoraron significativamente, y la función cardíaca se vio efectivamente beneficiada. El deporte del tenis favorece el flujo sanguíneo y mejora la función cardiopulmonar. No se encontró una influencia en la estatura de las estudiantes universitarias. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Abstract The current developmental trend is to evaluate the quality of Yongchuan Xiuya tea rapidly. After spectrum pre-processing, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS), principal component analysis (PCA) and back propagation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) was applied to rapidly and non-destructively predict the quality of Yongchuan Xiuya tea. External Yongchuan Xiuya tea samples were used for the actual application of the proposed model. The best pre-processing method was multiple scattering correction coupled with second derivative, and the characteristic spectral regions selected by siPLS were 4381.5-4755.6 cm-1, 4759.5-5133.6 cm-1, 6266.6-6637.8 cm-1 and 7389.9-7760.2 cm-1. The cumulative contribution rate was 99.05% for the first three principal components of the characteristic spectra regions. The transfer function, root mean square error and determinant coefficient of the best BP-ANN prediction model were the tanh function, 0.384 and 0.977, respectively. The root mean square error and determinant coefficient of the external 10 Yongchuan Xiuya tea samples were 0.406 and 0.969, respectively. These results showed that NIRS combined with BP-ANN algorithm can be used to evaluate the quality of Yongchuan Xiuya tea rapidly and accurately.

The gasification reactivity of coal char is affected by numerous experimental variables, and char structure is one of the dominant factors. In this work, Raman spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and N2 adsorption were used to investigate the physical and chemical structure of char prepared under different pyrolysis conditions. Three kinds of pyrolysis reactors, fluidized-bed reactor (FL), entrained-flow-bed reactor (EF), and fixed-bed reactor (PT), were designed and used to prepare the char samples. Lignite was pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor with a heating rate of 10 ºC min-1, and the final temperature was 1000 ºC. The gasification reactivity of char was characterized in a quartz fixed-bed reactor under CO2, H2O, and their mixtures at 750 ºC. FB reactor produces chars with a smaller interlayer spacing of aromatic layers (d002), and FL reactor produces chars with a larger mean crystallite size along the c-axis (Lc) and aromaticity (ƒa) but inhibits the growth of mean crystallite size along the a-axis (La). The content of small aromatic rings, which is higher in the FL reactor, positively affects the initial intrinsic reactivity.

Abstract Tongluo-Qutong rubber plaster (TQRP), a typical Chinese patent medicine that contains 13 different herbal remedies, is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of cervical spondylosis and osteoarthritis. However, due to a lack of in vitro transdermal studies, the active ingredients of TQRP have not been fully elucidated. This presents a huge obstacle for quality evaluation, pharmacokinetic studies and clinical safety assessment of TQRP. In this work, a UPLC/UV/MS/MS method was established and validated to evaluate five analytes in TQRP. The validation demonstrated linearity (r > 0.99), specificity (no co-eluting peaks at the retention times of the analytes), and precision (RSD < 15%) within acceptable parameters. A skin permeation study was performed to determine the concentrations of drugs delivered to the dermis. The 24-hour cumulative permeation of ferulic acid, aleo-emodin, emodin and piperine were 303.68, 709.31, 671.06 and 25561.01 ng/cm2, respectively. According to the fitting data of the TQRP active components, skin permeation was mainly due to a combination of passive diffusion and drug release after matrix erosion.

Abstract Green bactericides are excellent strategies for reducing food spoilage. Phloretin was regarded as efficient, broad-spectrum and safe preservative, which showed enormous potential in food industry. Inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on Listeria monocytogenes was systematically elucidated through integrity of cell membrane, intracellular protein content, energy level, and nucleic acid morphological character. SEM and TEM results showed minimal injury of cell membrane, which was further proved by a leakage of potassium ions, ATP and little protein and nucleic acid. There were drastic reduction of intracellular or total protein and ATP compared to cell without phloretin treatment. However, the specific activity of hexokinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were unaffected after phloretin treatment. From these results, we concluded that phloretin’s bacteriostatic mechanism is decreasing the intracellular protein content and energy level resulting from DNA aggregation. This finding was prospective to fully illustrate the phloretin’s mechanism and develop it into a natural preservative in food industry.

Abstract Evaluation of volatile aroma compounds from Chinese wild grape species aimed to explore new grape species via fruit aroma. In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from ten grape cultivars belonging to nine different grape species were detected, by using headspace solid-phase microextraction with GC-MS. Chinese wild grape species were studied along with table grape (Muscat Hamburg, Concord) and wine grape (Cabernet Sauvignon) cultivars belonging to different origins. Total forty-five volatile compounds were detected, upon which several VOCs including pentanoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, maltol, (+)-neoisomenthol, and 8-methyloctahydrocoumarin were detected in Chinese wild grapes that have not been detected in other Vitis species. The results revealed that C6 volatile compounds were pre-dominant VOCs. Esters were found abundant in V. labrusca (Concord) and terpenoids were dominant in V. vinafera (Hamburg Muscat). The principal component analysis showed that Chinese wild grape cultivars V. yeshanensis, V. facifolia, V. davidii, V. betulifolia V. heyneana, V. amurensis and V. adenoclada are correlated with wine grape cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, while table grape cultivars are distributed separately. These results can provide a reference for the utilization of new germplasm for specific purposes.

Abstract Pickering high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) has a broad application prospect in the field of solid fat substitution and nutraceutical delivery, but the safe and available food-derived particle emulsifier is the bottleneck of its practical application. In this study, mung bean flour was used as a particle emulsifier to stabilize oil-in-water Pickering HIPEs. The results showed that the particle size of mung bean flour was suitable (median diameter, 26.41 μm) and had certain wettability. The volume fraction of oil phase (φ) and the concentration of mung bean flour (c) had significant effects on the formation of Pickering HIPEs. When c ≥ 1%, the Pickering HIPE of φ = 80% could be obtained. Mung bean flour not only played an emulsifying role at the oil/water interface, but also prevented the coalescence of oil droplets through its viscosity effect in the aqueous phase. With the increase of c, the droplet size of Pickering HIPEs decreased, the mechanical properties increased gradually, and the ability of HIPEs protecting β-carotene against ultraviolet irradiation was also enhanced.

Abstract The objective evaluation of the quality of the Wuyi rock tea remains challenging. In this study, 649 samples comprising four grades of Wuyi Shuixian tea from the “Spring Tea Competition, 2019” were collected to determine their quality indexes. The results showed that the higher the grade of the Wuyi Shuixian tea, the higher the individual scores from the sensory evaluation. The water extracts, catechin, aspartic acid, and tyrosine were significantly different among the different tea grades. Restricted principal coordinate analysis showed that different grades of Wuyi Shuixian tea could be effectively differentiated using the tea quality indexes and 15 free amino acids. The total quality score of the sensory evaluation was significantly negatively correlated with the hydrophobic amino acids, bitter amino acids, and ECG, and was significantly positively correlated with GCG. These results suggest that the high content of the multicomponents is the material basis of the high quality of the tea. The hydrophobic amino acids, bitter amino acids, ECG, and GCG can be used to evaluate the differences in grades of the Wuyi Shuixian tea. The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for objectively evaluating the differences in the qualities of the Wuyi Shuixian tea.

Abstract Evaluation of volatile aroma compounds from Chinese wild grape species aimed to explore new grape species via fruit aroma. In this study, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from ten grape cultivars belonging to nine different grape species were detected, by using headspace solid-phase microextraction with GC-MS. Chinese wild grape species were studied along with table grape (Muscat Hamburg, Concord) and wine grape (Cabernet Sauvignon) cultivars belonging to different origins. Total forty-five volatile compounds were detected, upon which several VOCs including pentanoic acid, cyclobutyl ester, maltol, (+)-neoisomenthol, and 8-methyloctahydrocoumarin were detected in Chinese wild grapes that have not been detected in other Vitis species. The results revealed that C6 volatile compounds were pre-dominant VOCs. Esters were found abundant in V. labrusca (Concord) and terpenoids were dominant in V. vinafera (Hamburg Muscat). The principal component analysis showed that Chinese wild grape cultivars V. yeshanensis, V. facifolia, V. davidii, V. betulifolia V. heyneana, V. amurensis and V. adenoclada are correlated with wine grape cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, while table grape cultivars are distributed separately. These results can provide a reference for the utilization of new germplasm for specific purposes.

Abstract Green bactericides are excellent strategies for reducing food spoilage. Phloretin was regarded as efficient, broad-spectrum and safe preservative, which showed enormous potential in food industry. Inhibitory mechanism of phloretin on Listeria monocytogenes was systematically elucidated through integrity of cell membrane, intracellular protein content, energy level, and nucleic acid morphological character. SEM and TEM results showed minimal injury of cell membrane, which was further proved by a leakage of potassium ions, ATP and little protein and nucleic acid. There were drastic reduction of intracellular or total protein and ATP compared to cell without phloretin treatment. However, the specific activity of hexokinase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were unaffected after phloretin treatment. From these results, we concluded that phloretin’s bacteriostatic mechanism is decreasing the intracellular protein content and energy level resulting from DNA aggregation. This finding was prospective to fully illustrate the phloretin’s mechanism and develop it into a natural preservative in food industry.

Abstract The object of this study was to investigate the influence of bagging or the combination of umbrella and bags on berry composition, especially anthocyanin accumulation, in ‘Kyoho’ (V. labruscana) berry skins. Five different colors and bag materials commonly used in production were chosen for this study: white, green, yellow, nonwoven and transparent, and the umbrellas were made of plastic material. The composition and content of anthocyanins in the berry skin of ‘Kyoho’ were analyzed by HPLC-MS. The results showed that bagging or a combination of umbrella and bags on anthocyanin concentration in ‘Kyoho’ grapes showed inconsistent effects that depended on the colors and materials of the bags and the use of an umbrella or not. Compared with the control, the inhibition effects of white, green and yellow bags on the soluble solids content and the total and individual anthocyanin concentrations in ‘Kyoho’ grapes reached significant levels; effects of green and yellow bags were the most significant among them. The plastic umbrella used in this study also presented a lower relative light intensity and produced more even-colored clusters. White, green, and yellow bags and combinations of umbrella and bags significantly increased some stable anthocyanin proportions to varying degrees, such as coumaroylated and methylated anthocyanins, compared to the control.

Abstract The brittle failure of rock is closely related to the rock crack initiation, propagation, coalescences and nucleation. Although many brittleness indexes have been proposed to describe the brittle behavior of rocks, the relationship between the brittleness index and crack initiation stress under triaxial compressive states has not been fully understood. This paper introduced the current main brittleness indexes and discussed their applicabilities for triaxial compressive tests. Granite specimens from a gold mine are prepared for experimental tests. The triaxial compressive tests are carried out on stiff testing machine and the confining pressures are 5 to 110 MPa. Experimental results on the stress-strain curves show that the post-peak behaviors of the granite under confining pressures are in Class I and Class II types. The brittleness indexes, crack initiation stress, compressive strength, elastic moduls and Poisson’s ratio of the granite are obtained and discussed. It has been found that, the crack initiation stress linearly increases with the increasing of confining pressure. Moreover, a power function can describe the relationship between the brittleness index and crack initiation stress for Class I rock behavior while an exponential function can describe the relationship between the brittleness index and crack initiation stress for Class II rock behavior.

SUMMARY: A serous membrane covering the liver and the hepatic parenchyma, consists of hepatocytes, arteries, veins, hepatic sinusoids and biliary ductuli. There are erythrocytes, thrombocytes, melanin particles and Kupffer cell in the hepatic sinusoids and the blood vessels. The gall bladder wall consists of a mucous layer a muscle layer and a serous layer. The bottom of the epithelium abounds with round or oval secretory. In liver, immunohistochemistry results show that AQP1 have intense reaction in hepatic lobule, Kupffer cells (Macrophagocytus stellatus), hepatocytes, portal tract, blood islands, vein and artery, but almost no reaction of AQP2 was detected. In gallbladder, mucous epithelium, endothelial cells from vein and artery all have strong AQP1 expression, AQP2 showed minor diffused positive reaction in gallbladder, which suggesting that AQP1 may have the main role in the absorption and transportation of fluid in hepatobiliary system of Qinghai Lizard.

RESUMEN: Una membrana serosa cubre el hígado y el parénquima hepático el cual está formado por hepatocitos, arterias, venas, sinusoides hepáticos y conductos biliares. Se encuentran eritrocitos, trombocitos, partículas de melanina y células de Kupffer en los sinusoides hepáticos y en los vasos sanguíneos. La pared de la vesícula biliar presenta tres capas: mucosa, muscular y serosa. En el hígado, la inmunohistoquímica mostró que AQP1 tiene una reacción intensa en el lóbulo hepático, células de Kupffer, hepatocitos, tracto portal e islotes sanguíneos. En venas y arterias, no se detectó reacción alguna de AQP2. En la vesícula biliar, el epitelio mucoso, las células endoteliales venosas y arteriales tuvieron una importante expresión de AQP1, sin embargo, AQP2 mostró una reacción positiva difusa menor, lo que sugiere que la AQP1 podría tener una función principal en la absorción y transporte de líquido en el sistema hepatobiliar del Lagarto Qinghai.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is evidence that genetic predisposition and epigenetic alteration (e.g. DNA methylation) play major roles in lung cancer. In our genetic epidemiological studies, rs1970764 in oncogene PPP1R13L was most consistently associated with lung cancer risk. Here, we explored the role of PPP1R13L methylation in lung cancer development. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study (45 lung cancer cases and 45 controls), conducted in China. METHODS: We investigated the DNA methylation status of 2,160 cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the PPP1R13L promoter region using the EpiTYPER assay of the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS: In the whole study group, the methylation levels of CpG-6, CpG-9, CpG-20 and CpG-21 were significantly lower and those of CpG-16 were significantly higher in cases than in controls. Among smokers, the methylation levels at five CpG sites (CpG-6, CpG-11, CpG-15, CpG-20 and CpG-21) were statistically significantly lower among cases. Among men, the methylation levels at four CpG sites (CpG-11, CpG-15, CpG-20 and CpG-21) were significantly lower among cases. Regarding smokers, the methylation levels at CpG-7.8 and CpG-21 among cases and at CpG-22 among controls were significantly lower, compared with nonsmokers. The frequency of positivity for methylation was not significantly different between lung cancer cases and controls (68.22% for cases and 71.87% for controls; P = 0.119). CONCLUSION: Our study on a Chinese population suggests that lung cancer patients have aberrant methylation status (hypomethylation tended to be more frequent) in peripheral blood leukocytes at several CpG sites in the PPP1R13L promoter region and that exposure to smoking may influence methylation status.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Explorar o efeito do tratamento com uma abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular médio para fraturas de cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero. METODOLOGIA: Este estudo prospectivo incluiu duas pacientes do sexo feminino de 30-64 anos de idade, com idade média de 47 anos. As fraturas foram causadas por quedas de bicicleta. O tempo entre a lesão e a operação foi de 1-2 dias, com um intervalo de tempo médio de 1,5 dias. Duas pacientes com cisalhamento coronal da porção distal do úmero foram tratadas com redução aberta e fixação interna utilizando a abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular. RESULTADOS: Não houve complicações neurológicas e vasculares intra e pós-operatórias, nem complicações ou infecções, e a fratura foi unida. Após 12 meses da cirurgia, as pacientes retornaram ao trabalho sem dor e com uma amplitude normal de movimento de rotação do antebraço e cotovelo. Os raios-X revelaram excelente união das fraturas, sem sinais de ossificação heterotópica e sem artrite traumática. De acordo com as diretrizes da clínica Mayo para avaliação da função do cotovelo, uma pontuação de 100 é considerada excelente. CONCLUSÃO: A aplicação da abordagem anterior do intervalo neurovascular do cotovelo no tratamento de uma fratura de cisalhamento da superfície articular da porção distal do úmero, especificamente da tróclea do úmero, pode reduzir o desgaste do tecido mole.

SUMMARY OBJECT: To explore the treatment effect of the anterior medial neurovascular interval approach to coronal shear fractures of the distal humerus. METHODS: This prospective study included two female patients who were 30-64 years old, with a mean age of 47 years. Fractures were caused by falling from a bicycle. The time between the injury and operation was 1-2 days, with a mean time interval of 1.5 days. Two patients with coronal shear fracture of the distal humerus were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using anterior neurovascular interval approach. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative and postoperative neurological and vascular complications or infections, and the fracture was united. At 12 months after the surgery, the patient returned to work without pain, and with a normal range of motion for elbow and forearm rotation. The X-rays revealed excellent fracture union, no signs of heterotopic ossification, and no traumatic arthritis. According to Mayo's evaluation standards for elbow function, a score of 100 is excellent. CONCLUSIONS: The application of the anterior neurovascular interval approach of the elbow in the treatment of shear fracture of the articular surface of the distal humerus, particularly the trochlea of the humerus, can reduce the stripping of the soft tissue.