RESUMO Introdução: O quadro de lesão muscular no treinamento esportivo de esqui tem aumentado gradualmente, prejudicando muito o desempenho das competições esportivas de gelo e neve. Objetivo: Estudar a lesão muscular e o movimento muscular durante o treinamento esportivo no gelo e na neve, bem como a reabilitação das lesões musculares. Métodos: Trinta esquiadores com lesão muscular no joelho foram selecionados como sujeitos e submetidos a treinamento de reabilitação por um total de 6 semanas, tendo os indicadores sido avaliados estatisticamente. Resultados: Os tipos de lesões no esqui foram principalmente tensão muscular, tensão muscular ou ligamentar e ruptura ligamentar. Os índices após o tratamento foram significativamente diferentes daqueles antes do tratamento (P < 0,05); comparado com os três programas de reabilitação, a melhora de cada índice no grupo C foi significativamente diferente da dos outros dois grupos (P < 0,05), enquanto não houve diferença significativa na melhora de cada índice entre o tratamento de treinamento isométrico multiangular no grupo A e a técnica de estimulação neuromuscular proprioceptiva no grupo B (P>0,05). Conclusão: A influência da tecnologia de treinamento de recuperação na reeducação muscular do joelho foi proposta, e foi apresentado um plano de reabilitação para a prática de esqui. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Muscle injury in ski sports training has gradually increased, greatly impairing performance in ice and snow sports competitions. Objective: To study muscle injury and muscle movement during ice and snow sports training and the rehabilitation of muscle injuries. Methods: Thirty skiers with knee muscle injuries were selected as subjects and underwent rehabilitation training for six weeks, and the indicators were statistically evaluated. Results: The ski injuries were mainly muscle strain, muscle or ligament strain, and ligament rupture. The indices after treatment were significantly different from those before treatment (P < 0.05); compared with the three rehabilitation programs, the improvement of each index in group C was significantly different from that in the other two groups (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the improvement of each index between the multi-angle isometric training treatment in group A and the proprioceptive neuromuscular stimulation technique in group B (P>0.05). Conclusion: The influence of recovery training technology on knee muscle re-education was proposed, and a rehabilitation plan for skiing was presented. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El cuadro de lesiones musculares en el entrenamiento de los deportes de esquí ha ido aumentando progresivamente, lo que perjudica en gran medida el rendimiento en las competiciones de deportes de hielo y nieve. Objetivo: Estudiar las lesiones musculares y el movimiento muscular durante el entrenamiento de los deportes de hielo y nieve, así como la rehabilitación de las lesiones musculares. Métodos: Se seleccionaron como sujetos treinta esquiadores con lesiones musculares en la rodilla y se sometieron a un entrenamiento de rehabilitación durante un total de 6 semanas, y se evaluaron estadísticamente los indicadores. Resultados: Los tipos de lesiones de esquí fueron principalmente la distensión muscular, la distensión muscular o de ligamentos y la rotura de ligamentos. Los índices después del tratamiento fueron significativamente diferentes de los anteriores (P < 0,05); en comparación con los tres programas de rehabilitación, la mejora de cada índice en el grupo C fue significativamente diferente de la de los otros dos grupos (P < 0,05), mientras que no hubo diferencias significativas en la mejora de cada índice entre el tratamiento de entrenamiento isométrico multiángulo en el grupo A y la técnica de estimulación neuromuscular propioceptiva en el grupo B (P>0,05). Conclusión: Se propuso la influencia de la tecnología de entrenamiento de recuperación en la reeducación muscular de la rodilla y se presentó un plan de rehabilitación para el esquí. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

This work presented a new PEG modified calix[4]arene stationary phase (C4A-PEG-2PTSC) for gas chromatographic (GC) separations. The statically coated C4A-PEG-2PTSC column exhibited moderate polarity and column efficiency of 2224 plates m-1 determined by 1-octanol at 120 oC. The results showed that the C4A-PEG-2PTSC column exhibited the good separation performance for various types of analytes containing halogenated benzenes, benzaldehydes, phenols, alcohols, anilines isomers and showed the different retention behavior with the comparative columns. Importantly, it showed the better separation capacity of toluidine and xylidine isomers than commercial HP-35 column. Moreover, it was applied in practical sample analysis to detect the content of isomer impurities. This work exhibited the good application potential of C4A-PEG-2PTSC stationary phase in GC analyses.

RESUMO Introdução O alongamento dinâmico é uma forma especial de treinamento. Atualmente, existem poucas pesquisas no meio acadêmico sobre alongamento dinâmico na dança esportiva. Objetivo Explorar o papel do treino funcional de alongamento dinâmico na dança esportiva. Métodos 60 bailarinos esportivos com histórico de lesões no tornozelo foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo controle e experimental. Todos realizaram um protocolo de treinamento duas vezes por semana, com duração de 45 minutos, por 8 semanas. Ao grupo controle foi adicionado um treino de alongamento dinâmico funcional. Os efeitos foram avaliados pela escala de Cumberland, comparação de estabilidade bilateral e controle de equilíbrio pelo sistema de Perkin. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente para análise. Resultados Antes do experimento, não houve diferença significativa entre os escores das articulações do tornozelo saudáveis e das articulações do tornozelo lesionadas nos dois grupos (P>0,05). Após 8 semanas de treinamento funcional de alongamento dinâmico, houve diferença significativa entre o grupo experimental e o grupo controle nas articulações do tornozelo lesionadas (P<0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de alongamento dinâmico pode efetivamente melhorar a estabilidade da articulação do tornozelo nos bailarinos esportivos. Concomitantemente, esse método previne efetivamente a ocorrência de lesões na articulação do tornozelo do atleta. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação de resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction Dynamic stretching is a particular form of training. Currently, there is little research in academia about dynamic stretching in sports dancing. Objective Explore the role of functional dynamic stretching training in dance sports. Methods 60 sports dancers with a history of ankle injuries were randomly divided into a control and experimental group. All performed a training protocol twice a week, lasting 45 minutes, for eight weeks. A functional dynamic stretching training session was added to the control group. The effects were evaluated by the Cumberland scale, bilateral stability comparison, and balance control by the Perkin system. Data were statistically treated for analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the scores of healthy ankle joints and injured ankle joints in the two groups (P>0.05). After eight weeks of functional dynamic stretching training, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on injured ankle joints (P<0.05). Conclusion Dynamic stretching training can effectively improve ankle joint stability in sports dancers. Concomitantly, this method effectively prevents injuries to the athlete’s ankle joint. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

RESUMEN Introducción El estiramiento dinámico es una forma especial de entrenamiento. Actualmente, existen pocas investigaciones en el ámbito académico sobre los estiramientos dinámicos en el baile deportivo. Objetivo Explorar el papel del entrenamiento funcional de estiramiento dinámico en el baile deportivo. Métodos 60 bailarines deportivos con antecedentes de lesiones de tobillo fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo de control y otro experimental. Todos realizaron un protocolo de entrenamiento dos veces por semana, de 45 minutos, durante 8 semanas. Al grupo de control se le añadió un entrenamiento de estiramiento dinámico funcional. Los efectos fueron evaluados por la escala Cumberland, la comparación de la estabilidad bilateral y el control del equilibrio por el sistema Perkin. Los datos fueron tratados estadísticamente para su análisis. Resultados Antes del experimento, no había diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones de las articulaciones del tobillo sano y las articulaciones del tobillo lesionado en los dos grupos (P>0,05). Después de 8 semanas de entrenamiento funcional de estiramiento dinámico, hubo una diferencia significativa entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control en las articulaciones del tobillo lesionadas (P<0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de estiramiento dinámico puede mejorar eficazmente la estabilidad de la articulación del tobillo en los bailarines deportivos. Al mismo tiempo, este método previene eficazmente la aparición de lesiones en la articulación del tobillo del deportista. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Resumen: Este estudio introduce el equilibrio de Stackelberg-Nash en la teoría neoclásica del crecimiento. Intenta hacer que la teoría neoclásica del crecimiento económico sea más robusta en el modelado de la comple- jidad de las estructuras de mercado. El modelo de Solow-Uzawa se construye en el marco dos sectores. La economía se compone de dos sectores: el sector de bienes finales es el mismo que en el modelo de crecimiento de un solo sector de Solow, caracterizado por una competencia perfecta. El sector de bienes de consumo es el mismo que en el modelo de Uzawa, pero se caracteriza por el duopolio de Stackelberg. Se modela el comportamiento de los hogares con el concepto de Zhang de ingresos disponibles y utilidad. El modelo determina endógenamente los beneficios del duopolio que se distribuyen equitativamente entre la población homogénea. Se construye el modelo y luego se identifica la existencia de un punto de equilibrio a través de la simulación. Se realizan análisis estático-comparativos de algunos parámetros. También, se compara el rendimiento económico del modelo tradicional de Uzawa y el modelo con el equilibrio de Stackelberg-Nash. Se concluye que la competencia imperfecta aumenta la producción nacional, la riqueza nacional y el nivel de utilidad en comparación con la competencia perfecta.

Abstract: This study introduces Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium to neoclassical growth theory. It attempts to make neoclassical economic growth theory more robust in modelling the complexity of market structures. The model is constructed within the framework of the Solow-Uzawa two-sector model. The economy is composed of two sectors. The final goods sector is the same as in the Solow one-sector growth model which is characterized by perfect competition. The consumer goods sector is the same as the consumer goods sector in the Uzawa model but is characterized by Stackelberg duopoly. We model household behavior with Zhang’s concept of disposable income and utility. The model endogenously determines profits of duopoly which are equally distributed among the homogeneous population. We build the model and then identify the existence of an equilibrium point through simulation. We conduct comparative static analyses of some parameters. We also compare the economic performance of the traditional Uzawa model and the model with the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium. We conclude that the imperfect competition increases national output, national wealth, and utility level in comparison to perfect competition. JEL Classification: D43, L13, B40.

Résumé : Cette étude introduit l’équilibre de Stackelberg-Nash dans la théorie néoclassique de la croissance. Elle tente de rendre la théorie néoclassique de la croissance économique plus robuste dans la modélisation de la complexité des structures du marché. Le modèle Solow-Uzawa est construit dans le cadre de deux secteurs. L’économie est composée de deux secteurs. Le secteur des biens finaux est le même que dans le modèle de croissance d’un secteur unique de Solow, caractérisé par une concurrence parfaite. Le secteur des biens de consommation est le même que le secteur des biens de consommation dans le modèle d’Uzawa, mais se caractérise par le duopole de Stackelberg. Nous avons modélisé le comportement des ménages avec le concept de Zhang de revenu disponible et de bénéfices. Le modèle détermine de manière endogène les avantages du duopole qui sont répartis équitablement au sein de la population homogène. Nous construisons le modèle, puis identifions l’existence d’un point d’équilibre par simulation. Nous effectuons des analyses statiques-comparatives de certains paramètres. Nous avons également comparé la performance économique du modèle traditionnel d’Uzawa et du modèle avec l’équilibre de Stackelberg-Nash. Nous concluons qu’une concurrence imparfaite augmente la production nationale, la richesse nationale et le niveau d’utilité par rapport à la concurrence parfaite.

Abstract To explore and analyze the pain characteristics and countermeasures to improve intraoperative pain for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder during treatment of orthodontics. The patients were randomly divided into control group and the observation group. The control group received routine nursing. It is found in the study that the occurrence of pain in orthodontic treatment is accompanied by certain regular changes, and there is little difference between the proportion of masticatory pain and occlusal pain. In the observation group, the total clinical effective rate increased after nursing (P<0.05. The VAS pain score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group 4h and 8h after nursing intervention was implemented, and the duration of pain symptoms was significantly shorter than that of the control group, with significant statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The targeted nursing intervention for patients with temporomandibular joint disorder undergoing orthodontic treatment based on their characteristics will shorten the pain time of patients effectively and improve the treatment effect, maintaining significant application value.

Abstract Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) has been shown to possess cardioprotective effect. However, the specific mechanism of AS-IV in myocardial infarction (MI) remains unclear. Our results showed that AS-IV intervention observably enhanced cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis, oxidative stress levels and inflammatory factor secretion. Expression of MIRT1 was significantly up-regulated in hypoxia-treated cells. In addition, ALCAM overexpression reversed the effects of AS-IV intervention on hypoxia-treated cell functions. MIRT1 facilitated Runx3 promoter methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) to the Runx3 promoter region through binding with suppressor of Zeste 12 protein homolog (Suz12). Runx3 silencing reversed the effects of MIRT1 inhibition on hypoxia-treated cell functions. Betulinic acid suppressed the effects of AS-IV intervention on the behaviors of hypoxia-treated cells. AS-IV treatment improved the cardiac functions of mice with MI. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that AS-IV treatment inhibits DNMT3B-mediated Runx3 promoter methylation by restraining Suz12 expression and further blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway, and in turn improves the cardiac functions of mice with MI.

ABSTRACT To solve the poor fitting degree of errors in multiobjective parameter optimization and low accuracy, a multiobjective optimization method based on a BP neural network was proposed. By taking the 1ZT-210 type whole-straw returning device as the research object, a BP neural network model on power consumption, straw returning rate and the influencing factors was obtained. By optimizing the model by the proposed method, the optimal parameter combination of the test factors was as follows: the advancing speed of the device was 0.65 km/h, the blade roll rotating speed was 210 rpm, the blade installation angle was 55o, the minimum power consumption was 9.82 kW and the maximum straw returning rate was 93.23%. Under such test conditions, the minimum power consumption was 10.75 kW, and the straw returning rate was 92.46%, which were all better than those obtained by the regression analysis method. Finally, a verification test was conducted on the results of BP neural network optimization. The power consumption of the test was 10.04 kW, the absolute error was 0.22 kW and the relative error was 2.24%. For a straw returning rate of 93.11%, the absolute error was -0.12% and the relative error was 0.13%. The test results indicated that the optimization method was feasible.

ABSTRACT The parameter optimization of the tractor's steering trapezoid mechanism is a traditional optimization problem, and the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) has a better solving ability for parameter optimization of the tractor's steering trapezoid. However, the teacher stage and student stage of TLBO limit the accuracy and stability and the ability to jump out of the local optimization solution. To obtain an optimal solution with an higher accuracy, an improved adaptive direction strategy teaching-learning-based optimization (IADS-TLBO) was used. This improved the feedback stage based on the adaptive direction strategy teaching-learning-based optimization (ADS-TLBO). The IADS-TLBO was verified by three different testing functions, and the results showed that the improved ideas are valid and feasible. Finally, the IADS-TLBO was used to optimize the steering trapezoid mechanism of JOHN DEERE T600. The optimal parameters obtained were as follows: the bottom angle was 35.4º, and the steering arm length was 154 mm. A verification experiment was conducted in the farm tool laboratory of Northeast Agricultural University (China). The experimental results showed that the average bottom angle was 35.48º, and the relative error between the measured and optimized bottom angles was 0.23%, which is less than 5%. This result showed that the results obtained by IADS-TLBO were reliable.

Resumo Introdução: Evidências emergentes indicam que as condições fisiológicas e patológicas do nariz são reguladas pós-transcripcionalmente por microRNAs, uma classe de pequenos RNAs não codificantes. Recentemente, o microRNA-223-3p tem sido cada vez mais implicado na modulação da rinite alérgica. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel e o mecanismo do microRNA-223-3p em um modelo de rinite alérgica em camundongos. Método: O nível de expressão do microRNA-223-3p foi medido no soro de 41 pacientes com rinite alérgica e 39 controles saudáveis com polimerase chain reaction quantitativo em tempo real. Camundongos BALB/c foram usados para estabelecer um modelo de rinite alérgica através de sensibilização intraperitoneal e teste de provocação nasal com ovalbumina. O microRNA-223-3p agomir/antagomir foi então administrado por via intranasal a camundongos após provocação com ovabulmina por mais uma semana. Os sintomas de prurido nasal e espirros foram registrados. A concentração sérica de imunoglobulina E específica para ovalbumina, expressão de microRNA-223-3p e níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ) na mucosa nasal foram medidos por ELISA e polimerase chain reaction quantitativo, respectivamente. As alterações histopatológicas foram avaliadas com coloração com hematoxilina e eosina. Resultados: Os níveis de microRNA-223-3p aumentaram significativamente em ambos os pacientes e camundongos com rinite alérgica. Além disso, a suprarregulação dos níveis de microRNA-223-3p através da administração nasal de microRNA-223-3p agomir também aumentou significativamente a concentração de IgE específica para ovalbumina, as frequências de prurido nasal e espirros, os níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ) e infiltração de eosinófilos na mucosa nasal de camundongos com rinite alérgica. Além disso, o microRNA-223-3p antagomir pareceu melhorar significativamente os sintomas e a doença da mucosa nasal. Posteriormente, demonstramos pela primeira vez que o microRNA-223-3p regulou negativamente a expressão de INPP4A ao se ligar à região 3’ não traduzida 3'UTR) do gene INPP4A. Conclusões: Esses achados indicam que o microRNA-223-3p desempenha um papel importante na regulação da doença e dos sintomas da rinite alérgica, tem como alvo o gene INPP4A.

Abstract Introduction: Emerging evidence indicates that physiological and pathological conditions of the nose are posttranscriptionally regulated by microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs. Recently, microRNA-223-3p has been increasingly implicated in the modulation of allergic rhinitis Objective: This study aimed to assess the role and mechanism of microRNA-223-3p in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Methods: The expression level of miR-223-3p was measured in the serum of 41 allergic rhinitis patients and 39 healthy controls using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. BALB/c mice were used to establish an allergic rhinitis model by intraperitoneal sensitization and intranasal challenge with ovalbumin. MicroRNA-223-3p agomir/antagomir was then intranasally administered to mice after ovalbumin challenge for another week. The symptoms of nasal rubbing and sneezing were recorded. Serum ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E concentration, microRNA-223-3p expression and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ) levels in nasal mucosa were measured by ELISA and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Histopathologic changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: MicroRNA-223-3p levels increased significantly in both allergic rhinitis patients and allergic rhinitis mice. In addition, upregulation of microRNA-223-3p levels by nasal administration of microRNA-223-3p agomir also markedly increased the concentration of ovalbumin -specific IgE, the frequencies of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IFN-γ) and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis mice. Moreover, microRNA-223-3p antagomir appeared to strongly ameliorate the symptoms and pathology in nasal mucosa. Subsequently, we demonstrated for the first time that microRNA-2233p negatively regulated INPP4A expression by binding with the 3 untranslated region 3'UTR) of INPP4A. Conclusions: These findings indicate that microRNA-223-3p plays an important role in regulating the pathology and symptoms of allergic rhinitis by targeting INPP4A.

ABSTRACT Protecting against the main sugarcane diseases and insect pests requires good control at the base of the plant; therefore, higher droplet penetration is required during plant protection. The objectives of this research were to explore the movement mechanism of droplets in a sugarcane protection operation using a single-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and establish the connection between the UAV downwash flow field and droplet penetration. By considering the downwash flow field of a single-rotor UAV in layers, a theoretical model of the vertical velocities of droplets was established, and verification experiments were carried out in a sugarcane field. The results showed that the velocity of the UAV downwash flow was the main factor affecting the final vertical velocity of the droplets, the final vertical velocity of a droplet was positively correlated with the droplet diameter, and the initial droplet velocity had no significant effect on the final droplet velocity. In the transportation of droplets, the droplet velocity quickly approached the velocity of the airflow, and the smaller the droplet diameter was, the higher the acceleration. These research results can provide guidance for the theoretical study of droplet deposition effects in sugarcane protection operations using single-rotor UAVs.

RESUMEN Estudiar la estabilidad del soporte de un frente de explotación carbonífero bajo las condiciones de un ángulo de inmersión grande (LDA) y una explotación minera alta (LMH) es esencial para garantizar la seguridad y la alta eficiencia minera. Este estudio se basa en el frente de trabajo número #3up509 de la Mina de Carbón Gaozhuang (GCM) afiliada al área minera de Zaozhuang. Los autores analizaron las características mecánicas de apoyo en un frente de trabajo que cumple con las condiciones LDA y LMH. Con esta base se desarrollaron los modelos mecánicos que permitan al apoyo deslizarse e inclinarse en el área del frente de trabajo. Luego, se analizó la estabilidad del apoyo en el rumbo del frente de trabajo durante un periodo normal de explotación (NMP) y en un período especial de explotación (SMP). Los resultados muestran que la resistencia crítica de la inclinación del apoyo durante el período NMP es de 52.2 kN, y la resistencia crítica del deslizamiento es de 183.75 kN. Y para el período SMP, los valores son 229,7 kN y 4425 kN. Además, se investigó el uso de un apoyo de escudo con dos pies, conocido como ZY6600-25.5/55 (su capacidad de resistencia está calculada en 6600 kN), que funciona bien en los frentes de trabajo. Finalmente se tomaron algunas medidas técnicas como instalar un enclavamiento para amarrar un apoyo y un gato de elevación, lo que incrementa la capacidad de carga del apoyo y optimiza el método de desplazamiento del apoyo, para mejorar la estabilidad general del apoyo en el frente de trabajo carbonífero. El objetivo inicial de seguridad y alta eficiencia minera para el frente de trabajo carbonífero #3 509 se alcanzó con estas medidas.

ABSTRACT Studying the support stability of a coalface with a large dip angle (LDA) and large mining height (LMH) under the corresponding conditions is essential to ensure safe and high-efficiency mining. This study is based on the #3up509 coalface of the Gaozhuang Coal Mine (GCM) affiliated with the Zaozhuang Mining Area. The authors analyzed the mechanical characteristics of support in the coalface with LDA and LMH. On this basis, the mechanical models for support tilting and sliding in the coalface were developed. Then, support stability along the coalface’s strike during the normal mining period (NMP) and special mining period (SMP) was analyzed. The results show that the critical support tilting resistance during the NMP is 52.2 kN, and the critical support sliding resistance is 183.75 kN. And for the SMP, the values are 229.7 kN and 4425 kN. The use of two-leg shield support, known as ZY6600-25.5/55 (its rated working resistance is 6600 kN), is investigated, which is proved reasonable for the coalface. Finally, some technical measures, such as installing an interlock set to fasten support and adjustable lifting jack, increasing the setting load of the support, and optimizing the support displacement method, are taken to improve the coalface’s overall support stability. The initial aim for safe and high-efficiency mining of the #3up509 coalface has been achieved through these measures.

Resumen Gran acumulación de capital, rápida urbanización, y el aumento de los precios de la tierra son los principales personajes de las economías modernas. Este estudio examina estos fenómenos dentro de un marco integrado sobre la base de la teoría del crecimiento económico, economía espacial y economía urbana. Construye un modelo de crecimiento espacial con distribución residencial mediante la integración de los modelos de crecimiento de Solow y residencial de Alonso para proporcionar algunas ideas sobre los mecanismos económicos. Una característica única del estudio es determinar de forma endógena el valor de la tierra y la renta con interacciones entre la acumulación de riqueza, servicios, terrenos y condiciones de transporte. Simulamos el movimiento de la economía en el tiempo y el espacio. Realizamos análisis dinámico comparativo con respecto a la productividad total del sector productivo, condiciones de transporte, comodidades y preferencia. El documento demuestra cómo el crecimiento económico, distribución residencial, elección de cartera, y la renta y el precio de la tierra interactúan en el tiempo y el espacio.

Asbtract Huge capital accumulation, speedy urbanization, and rising land prices are main characters of modern economies. This study examines these phenomena within an integrated framework on basis of economic growth theory, spatial economics, and urban economics. It builds a spatial growth model with residential distribution by integrating the Solow growth and Alonso residential models to provide some insights into the economic mechanisms. A unique feature of the study is to endogenously determine land value and rent with interactions between wealth accumulation, amenity, land, and transportation conditions. We simulate the motion of the economy over time and space. We carry out comparative dynamic analysis with regards to the total productivity of the production sector, transportation conditions, amenity, and preference. The paper demonstrates how economic growth, residential distribution, portfolio choice, and land rent and price interact over time and space.

Abstract: The three-dimensional and networked SBA-15 (3D-SBA-15) supported phosphotungstic acid (PW) was used as heterogeneous catalyst for the one-pot three-components Mannich reaction at room temperature. The H3PW12O40/3D-SBA-15 catalyst was prepared using an impregnation method and confirmed by series of characterizations such as Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. 50PW/3D-SBA-15 catalyst with H3PW12O40 loading of 50 wt% showed the highest yield of 93% in 1.8 h for the Mannich reaction of benzaldehyde, aniline and acetophenone under solvent-free condition. A series of β-aminoketone derivatives were synthesized successfully in the presence of this catalyst. In addition, H3PW12O40/3D-SBA-15 catalyst can be easily recovered and reused four times without significant decrease of the activity. This work provides an improved modification of the three-component Mannich reaction in terms of mild reaction conditions, clean reaction profiles, small quantity of catalyst and a simple workup procedure.

Resumen: El ácido fosfotungstico (PW) se soportó en sílice SBA-15 (3D-SBA-15) y se usó como catalizador heterogéneo en la reacción de Mannich en un solo paso de tres componentes a temperatura ambiente. El catalizador H3PW12O40/3D-SBA-15 se preparó mediante impregnación y se caracterizó por espectroscopia de infrarrojo (FT-IR), microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM), microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM), difracción de rayos-X (XRD) fisisorción de N2 y análisis termogravimétrico (TG). El catalizador 50PW/3D-SBA-15, con una carga de H3PW12O40 del 50% en peso, mostró el rendimiento más alto del 93% en 1.8 h para la reacción de Mannich entre benzaldehído, anilina y acetofenona, sin disolvente. Se sintetizó una serie de derivados de β-aminocetona en presencia de éste catalizador. Además, el catalizador H3PW12O40/3D-SBA-15 puede recuperarse fácilmente y reutilizarse cuatro veces sin pérdida significativa de la actividad. Este trabajo reporta una modificación de la reacción de Mannich de tres componentes bajo condiciones de reacción suaves, perfiles de reacción limpios, pequeña cantidad de catalizador y un procedimiento de tratamiento simple.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) on the cardiac function of beagle dogs after prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Twenty-four adult male beagles were randomly divided into control and EECP groups. Ventricular fibrillation was induced in the animals for 12 min, followed by 2 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. They then received EECP therapy for 4 h (EECP group) or not (control group). The hemodynamics was monitored using the PiCCO2 system. Blood gas and hemorheology were assessed at baseline and at 1, 2, and 4 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The myocardial blood flow (MBF) was quantified by 18F-flurpiridaz PET myocardial perfusion imaging at baseline and 4 h after ROSC. Survival time of the animals was recorded within 24 h. Ventricular fibrillation was successfully induced in all animals, and they achieved ROSC after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Survival time of the control group was shorter than that of the EECP group [median of 8 h (min 8 h, max 21 h) vs median of 24 h (min 16 h, max 24 h) (Kaplan Meyer plot analysis, P=0.0152). EECP improved blood gas analysis findings and increased the coronary perfusion pressure and MBF value. EECP also improved the cardiac function of Beagles after ROSC in multiple aspects, significantly increased blood flow velocity, and decreased plasma viscosity, erythrocyte aggregation index, and hematocrit levels. EECP improved the hemodynamics of beagle dogs and increased MBF, subsequently improving cardiac function and ultimately improving the survival time of animals after ROSC.

Abstract Background: The impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a representative prediabetes characterized by defective glucose homeostasis, and palmatine (PAL) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid with multiple pharmacological effects. Our study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of PAL on the impaired glucose tolerance. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish an IGT model with high fat diet (HFD). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and further biochemical analysis were conducted to determine the effect of PAL on glucose intolerance in vivo. Molecular details were clarified in a cellular model of IGT induced by Palmitate (PA) on INS-1 cells. Results: Our study demonstrated a relief of IGT with improved insulin resistance in HFD induced rats after PAL treatment. Besides, promoted pancreas islets function was validated with significantly increased β cell mass after the treatment of PAL. We further found out that PAL could alleviate the β cell apoptosis that accounts for β cell mass loss in IGT model. Moreover, MAPK signaling was investigated in vivo and vitro with the discovery that PAL regulated the MAPK signaling by restricting the ERK and JNK cascades. The insulin secretion assay indicated that PAL significantly promoted the defective insulin secretion in PA-induced INS-1 cells via JNK rather than ERK signaling. Furthermore, PAL treatment was determined to significantly suppress β cell apoptosis in PA-induced cells. We thus thought that PAL promoted the PA-induced impaired insulin release by inhibiting the β cell apoptosis and JNK signaling in vitro. Conclusion: In summary, PAL ameliorates HFD-induced IGT with novel mechanisms.