Abstract This research aims to determine the efficiency of chitosan and xanthan gum films in conservation of croaker fillets kept in refrigeration for 9 days. Proximal composition, loss of mass, color, pH, TVB-N (Total Volatile Bases) and microbiological profile were assessed. The films were prepared with chitosan and xanthan gum in varying mass proportions 100:0, m:m (C100XG0); 60:40, m:m (C60XG40); 50:50, m:m (C50XG50). They presented the respective values for moisture content, water solubility, thickness and water vapor permeability: 24.59%, 19.50%, 0.086 mm and 11.45gm-1.s-1.Pa-1for C100XG0; 24.58%; 20.27%, 0.091 mm and 10.41 gm-1.s-1.Pa-1for C60XG40; 22.11%, 22.06%, 0.089 mm and 10.68 gm-1.s-1.Pa-1 forC50XG50.The films were made in small bags format capable to hold about 20 g of fish fillets. A control sample was prepared in parallel, using polyethylene bags under the same storage conditions. The results showed that the chitosan films combined with xanthan gum had excellent antimicrobial properties, capable of preserving the quality of chilled fish fillets during the studied period, since it inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus coagulase-positive, Salmonella spp and coliforms at 45 ° C. Mass loss of the croaker fillets was not significantly affected by xanthan gum addition to the films. On the other hand, xanthan gum addition affected pH and color parameters of the corvina fillets. It was also verified that the combination of these two polymers promoted the reduction of N-BVT, being the C50XG50 film that presented the best response.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do processo de polimento nos níveis de deoxinivalenol (DON), nos compostos fenólicos e na atividade antioxidante de farinhas de trigo, para determinar a tecnologia de moagem que fornece os produtos de trigo mais seguros e nutritivos. Amostras de grãos das cultivares de trigo (Triticum aestivum) BRS Marcante, BRS Reponte e BRS 374 foram utilizadas para obter farinhas de trigo integral e branca. Para a farinha integral, os grãos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos (20 e 40 s) de polimento. O processo de polimento reduziu significativamente o teor de DON nas farinhas de trigo integral de todas as cultivares. A concentração de DON diminuiu 22 e 28% nos tratamentos polimento por 20 e 40 s, respectivamente, quando comparada à do tratamento sem polimento. Além disso, os níveis de compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante são significativamente maiores nas farinhas de trigo integral. O processo de polimento contribui para a produção de alimentos mais seguros e saudáveis, ao reduzir o teor de DON e conservar os compostos fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante na farinha de trigo integral.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the debranning process on the deoxynivalenol (DON) content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity of wheat flours, in order to determine which milling technology provides the safest and most nutritional wheat products. Grain samples from the BRS Marcante, BRS Reponte, and BRS 374 wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars were used to obtain both whole-wheat and white flours. For whole-wheat, grains were debranned at different times (20 and 40 s). The debranning process significantly reduced the DON content in the whole-wheat flours from all cultivars. The DON concentration decreased 22 and 28% in the 20 and 40 s debranning treatments, respectively, when compared with the treatment without debranning. In addition, phenolic compound content and antioxidant capacity are significantly higher in the whole-wheat flours. The debranning process contributes to the production of safer and healthier foods, by reducing DON content and retaining phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in whole-wheat flours.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a potencial utilização do bagaço de uva seco (FBU) obtido a partir das operações de secagem e moagem, juntamente com o farelo de arroz parboilizado (FAP), para a elaboração de biscoitos. Os subprodutos foram caracterizados com relação ao conteúdo de umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, carboidratos, fibras e cinzas, além das análises de índice de absorção, solubilidade em água e acidez. As formulações propostas foram elaboradas variando a quantidade dos subprodutos em substituição à farinha de trigo. Os biscoitos elaborados foram submetidos à análise microbiológica e à análise sensorial. A formulação com maior aceitação a partir da análise sensorial foi a que continha 5% de farinha do bagaço de uva e 10% de farelo de arroz. A caracterização físico-química do biscoito com maior aceitação teve como destaque os teores de proteínas e fibras, que apresentaram 5,15% e 28,42%, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos, o presente estudo apresenta um produto adequado para o consumo tanto do ponto de vista microbiológico quanto do nutricional.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of dry grape marc obtained of drying and milling operations with parboiled rice bran for cookies production. By-products were characterized with respect to moisture content, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, and ashes, besides the analysis of absorption index, solubility in water and acidity. The proposed formulations were prepared by varying the amount of by-products to replace wheat flour. Elaborate cookies were subjected to microbiological and sensory analysis. The formulation with greater acceptance contained 5% of flour grape marc and 10% of parboiled rice bran. The physicochemical characterization of the cookies with greater acceptance was highlighted by the protein and fiber that presented 5.15% and 28.42%, respectively. The result obtained from this study shows a suitable product for consumption for microbiological as well as nutritional point of view.

Abstract The objective of this work was to study the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of black bean protein concentrate using different enzymes. Bean proteins were extracted and hydrolyzed over a period of 120 min using the enzymes pepsin or alcalase. The protein hydrolysates’ molecular weight was assayed by electrophoresis and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the capturing methods of free radicals ABTS●+ and DPPH. Electrophoretic results showed that the bands above 50 kDa disappeared, when the beans protein was subjected to hydrolysis with pepsin. The bean protein hydrolysate obtained by hydrolysis with alcalase enzyme, showed higher antioxidant activity for inhibition of the radical ABTS●+. However, the hydrolysates obtained by hydrolysis with pepsin had higher antioxidant activity for inhibition of the radical DPPH. The use of pepsin and alcalase enzymes, under the same reaction time, produced black bean protein hydrolysates with different molecular weight profiles and superior antioxidant activity than the native bean protein.

O objetivo desta revisão é abordar as aplicações de nanotecnologia em alimentos, enfatizando o uso de nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas, nanoemulsões, nanocápsulas e de nanocompósitos para embalagens de alimentos, bem como os métodos de obtenção, a funcionalidade e as suas características. A aplicação da nanotecnologia em alimentos é nova em comparação com a área biomédica e as indústrias de tecnologia de informação, nas quais a nanotecnologia já é utilizada na fabricação de materiais. No entanto, já existem inúmeras oportunidades que podem ser exploradas, como a elaboração de produtos com características funcionais e nutracêuticas, o desenvolvimento de processos e as embalagens inteligentes. Esta revisão aborda os seguintes itens: nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas, nanoemulsões, nanocápsulas, nanocompósitos em embalagem e os riscos e a legislação para a nanotecnologia. Nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas são sistemas de transporte coloidal empregados para encapsular, proteger e entregar componentes funcionais. Nanoemulsão consiste em uma dispersão muito fina composta por uma fase de óleo e uma fase aquosa, com tamanho de gota, em escala nanométrica; em função do seu tamanho característico, as nanoemulsões são transparentes ou translúcidas, e possuem estabilidade contra a sedimentação. Nanocápsulas são compostas por um invólucro polimérico disposto ao redor de um núcleo, no qual se encontra o composto ativo, conferindo proteção contra o oxigênio, a água e/ou a luz; permitem, dessa forma, uma liberação controlada da substância e/ou previnem o contato com outros componentes em uma mistura. Em nanotecnologia de embalagens, aborda-se a utilização de nanopartículas, tais como nanofibras de celulose e nanoargila, bem como a aplicação de nanomateriais com propriedades nutricionais e/ou antimicrobianas, e nanosensores. Serão abordados também aspectos relacionados aos riscos e à legislação em nanotecnologia de alimentos.

The objective of this review was to study the applications of nanotechnology in foods, emphasizing the use of solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules and nanocomposites for food packaging and also review the production methods, functionality and characteristics. Nanotechnology in foods is new as compared to the biomedical area and information technology industries, where nanotechnology has been used in the manufacture of materials. However, there are many opportunities that can be explored, such as the development of products with functional and nutraceutical characteristics, process development and intelligent packaging. In this review, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules and nanocomposites for use in packaging, will be examined, as also the risks and legislation regarding nanotechnology. Solid lipid nanoparticles are colloidal transport systems developed to encapsulate, protect and deliver functional components. Nanoemulsions are a very fine dispersion consisting of an oil phase and an aqueous phase with a droplet size on a nanometric scale. Due to their characteristic size, these emulsions are transparent or translucent and present stability against sedimentation. Nanocapsules are composed of an active central core surrounded by a thin polymeric wall, providing protection of the active compound against oxygen, water and/or light, allowing for a controlled release of the substance and/or preventing contact with other components in a mixture. The use of nanoparticles such as cellulose nanofibres and nanoclays in packaging nanotechnology will be discussed; and also the application of nanomaterials with nutritional and/or antimicrobial properties; and the application of nanosensors. Issues related to the legislation and risks of food nanotechnology will also be discussed.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as propriedades físicas, mecânicas e de barreira dos filmes produzidos a partir de diferentes concentrações de proteínas miofibrilares de pescado de baixo valor comercial. O pescado utilizado foi a corvina (Micropogonias furnieri), que foi eviscerada e filetada. As proteínas miofibrilares foram obtidas do músculo, em sucessivas lavagens com água destilada. Os filmes foram produzidos com 3, 4 e 5% de proteínas miofibrilares pelo método de casting. Os filmes foram analisados nos seguintes aspectos: espessura, solubilidade, opacidade, resistência à tração, elongação e permeabilidade ao vapor de água (PVA). O aumento da concentração de proteínas miofibrilares atribuiu aos filmes maior espessura, opacidade, resistência à tração e PVA; no entanto, conferiu menor elongação na ruptura dos mesmos.

The objective of this work was to study the physical, mechanical and barrier properties of the films produced from different concentrations of myofibrillar proteins of fish. The fish used was croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), which was gutted and filleted. The myofibrillar proteins were obtained through the muscle with successive washes with distilled water. The films were made with 3, 4 and 5% of myofibrillar proteins by the method of casting. The films were analyzed by thickness, solubility, opacity, tensile strength, elongation and water vapor permeability (PVA). The increase of myofibrillar proteins concentration in the films increased thickness, opacity, tensile strength and water vapor permeability and reduced elongation at break of the film.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo utilizar soro de leite in natura concentrado e desidratado na elaboração de bolos e avaliar a influência deste na composição química e nas características tecnológicas e sensoriais do produto. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente por análise de variância (ANOVA), as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) e os resultados do teste sensorial de ordenação foram avaliados estatisticamente mediante tabela de Friedman. Os bolos com adição de soro apresentaram aumento no teor proteico e no teor de cinzas quando comparados ao bolo padrão. As notas das características tecnológicas dos bolos com soro in natura foram superiores às notas dos bolos com soro concentrado e desidratado. No entanto, na avaliação sensorial, segundo teste de ordenação, os bolos com adição de soro concentrado e desidratado apresentaram preferência por parte dos julgadores em relação ao bolo contendo soro in natura.

The objective of this work was to make cakes with the addition of liquid, concentrated and dry milk whey to analyze the influence of this ingredient on the chemical composition, and on the technological and sensorial characteristics of cakes. Results were evaluated with variance analysis, the average compared by Tukey's test (p < 0.05) and results of sensorial preference test-rankings were evaluated with the Friedman method. The cakes with the addition of whey presented an increase in protein and ash content when compared with standard cakes. The technological characteristics score of cakes made with liquid whey was higher than the score of cakes made with the addition of concentrated and dry whey. However in the sensorial evaluation through preference test-ranking, cakes with the addition of dry and concentrated whey were preferred by the panelists compared to the cakes with added liquid whey.

The objective of this work was to study the influence of enzymes Alcalase, Flavourzyme and Novozym in the functional properties of hydrolysates of Bluewing searobin (Prionotus punctatus) minced. The hydrolysates of Bluewing searobin were evaluated for the chemical composition and the functional properties. The Novozym enzyme presented greater specific activity differing significantly from the enzymes Alcalase and Flavourzyme. The hydrolysates of Bluewing searobin presented protein content above of 87% and excellent solubility, capacity of water retention, capacity of oil retention and emulsifying capacity.